S-

.ce

ff"' -'~./
\;://.
. .
"

~~'

-..

."

.~

,/

, (fv.,..x....

I..:

')-c.~

,,'

( ...e..... ~' {

\-

c.

rrr- 'C'
A

,-'

-'

'--

-2 1.

The function of the light dependent reaction

ill photOS)"Ilthesis is to

2.

The
electrons
photophosphorylation

from
ncn~cyclic
pass into the Calvin

cycle via which of the following?

(C)

produce sugar
regenerate RuBP
produce ATP and reduce NADP

CA)
(B)

(D)

produce eiectrons to stabilize the

.(C)

FAD.

(D)

NADP

(A)
(B)

photosystems

ATP
NADH,

Item 3 refers to the diagram below which.outlines.:the events of the Calvin cycle.
II

GP(PGA)

triose
phosphate

y
3.

RuBP , .

I..

~(A)
(B)
(e)

(D)

starch

Which of the stages labelled I ~IV on the diagram represents the stage at which carbon

(A)
(B)

I
II

(C)

ill
IV

Which of the following combinations

correctly describes the MAIN factors
affecting the rate of photosynthesis?

III.
N.

..

CD)

I.
II.

III

IV

di~xide is incorporated into tlI.e' cycle?

4.

. hexose
phosphate

.Light intensity and temperature

Carbon dioxide concentration and
state of the stomata
NAn andATP availability
Phytochromes and the availability of
ions
I and II only
I and In only
I, II and III only
I, II, III and IV

s.

During which of the following pathways

does the synthesis of ATP occur by
substrate-level phosphorylation?

1.
Il.
IlL '
(A)
, (B)
(C)
(D)

Glycolysis
Krebs cyole
Eleetr~ ~ansport chain
I only
I and II only
n and III only
1,II and manly

/',",

'

~,\.,'~'
~

hem S refers to the Krebs cycle shown

Under anaerobic. conditions, the pyruvic acid

produced by a respiring muscle cell can be
l.
H.
nl.

IV

below.

,/

oxidizedtc, carnon&oxidc and water

used to regenerate NADH
converted to lactic acid
decarhoxylated
to fonn acetyl CoA

~p

r-i/

~ Acetyl
,

Cycle

moaly
U and manly

(C)

I. III and IVonly

'T'.'

II, II! and TVonly

I..J}

I;ocnz.yme

' "",~

LIJ'
Kre'bs

\ A)
(H)

.l>~o.::zynWA

~~'>

"---..0>
)

"

.~,
..,...

.',
'X;

.-.'.

~C~/

CO,

l~

7.

The tinal product(s) :Jfglycolysis

(A)
(E)
, (C)
'(Dj~

is/are

s.

How many carbon atorilS arC' represented. at.

X and Y respectjvely?

acetyl coenzyine A
reduced NADH
ft:1'P,NADarld pyruvate
pyruvate,ATP andNADH

CA) .

4C and 5C

(B)
(C)

5C and4C

(D)

\\'hich of the following

9.
\\

(.A)
.\
,,)B)

(e)
.(D)

10.

6C and4C
6C and 5C

describes an ecosystem?

Producers + consumers +
Producers + decomposers
Producers + consumers +
Consumers -t- decomposers

'.. ,

decomposers + non":living component

+ habitats + non~living component
habitats + non-living component
+ habitats + non:..jiving component

Tne table below shows the estimated energy content for the trophic levels of a
grassland.

-Levels

1----.

Enef'gy

Herbivores
.

(e)

0.0022%
0.022%
0.22%

(D)

'1 ")VI
......
/0

~-

"

5600

"0;,

125

Omnivores

15

Carnivores

10

Vvhich afthe following indicates the percentage decrease in energy between

producer and herbivore?
(A)
(B)

kJm-2

content/

Producers

.,

_ 1..

.'

J
i

'!>;"

""~

.~ .:

~.

"

~.

-4 -

u.

Which sequence correctly represents the

action of nitrifying bacteria?
'(A)

(B)
(C)
(D)

14.

(A)
(B)

~-mnonium -t nitrite --10 nitrate

Nitrogen -t nitrate 4 nitrite
Nitrate -+ ammonium -tmtrogen
Nitrite -t nitrate -r ammonium

Item 12 ~fers-to the diagram below.

i .

The term 'biodiversity' is BEST described as

ee)
CD)

15.

the number of species on earth

the variety of different life forms on
earth.
the range of genera on earth
the range of ecosystems on earth

The creation of seed banks is an economical

method of maintaining plant diversity.
Preparation of material for storage involves

Carnivore 3

I.

CarnIy~l

Herbivo l
~.

n.

13~

\.,

(A)
(B)

IV only
I and II only

(C)

n and m only

(0).

I, II andIVonly

II.

m.

producer.

'Whatfactor other than sunlight would make

this a self-sustaining ecosystem?
(A)

Producers

(B)
(C)
(D)

Primary consumers
Higher'orderconsumClS
Decomposers

16.

The diagram below shows three adjacent

plant cells I, and
The values of their
waterpoten.tials are given in kPa.

Whichoftbe following ecologicaltenn.srefers

to only one species?
'(A)
(B)
(C)
CD)

IV.

reduction of the moisture content of

the seeds
v
selection of the best se--As.
planting the seeds
freezing the seeds

Can>!v~l

population
Community
Foodcbain
Producer

m.

nI

In which direction would there be a NET

flow?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(0)

I -+ n andU -+ III
-+ I and
-+ I
n -+ !II and II ~ I
.m -+ II and 1 -+ II

.~

Ucr;! 17 rcfer tv 4 stag::s ir, the ioss of water

fro:n the stem to th.e atmosphere,

"'r.Ci::;;- pol.~ntialgradient.
1.

II.

m.
Iv'

<\ .
1~

V\'hi.chofthe forioWL.'1g choices 15 concet in

relation to the translocation of organic
mi:!terial?

down a

'I,:'-ater

leaves through the stomatu by

diffusion into the atInosphere.
Vlater evaporates from the surface
'Jf the mesophyll cells.
\;Yarer travels from cell to cell down
a water potential gradient in LI-:l.e
illt:SOphyll.
Water passes from the st~rn xylem

CA)

Sugars are always translocated

downwards or towards the base
of the plant.
The source is a site where sugars art
produced, while sinks are SHes
wh~re sugars are utilized.
The sugar which is t.:ra'1Sported in all
plants is sucrose.

(B)

(C)

(D)

into the mesophyU cells.

Sucrose travels in the phloem against

a con~entration gradient.
1 i.

Vlhicb ofthe following describes the correct

s-:.:quence by which water is lost by

20.

V\'hich of the following

transpiration?

is corrcc:l I(Jr BOTti

arteries and veins?

(A)

i, 11,III, IV

(B)
(C)
(D)

t, II, IV, III

Arteries

II, I, IV, III

IV, III, II, I

Veim'

Thin walled

Few elastic fibres

Collagen fibres

Thick walled

present
Item f 8 refers to the darkly staining
materiallabeHed X in Figure 18a which is
often found blocldng Sturcture Y in Figure

In

:8b.

Few elastic

I fibres

Truck waned

I Have valves

Collagen fibres
present

Hem 2: I refe.rs to t..l)e following diagra.m of

the hear"'tand associated blood vessels.
~-ill
!
Figure 18a

-{

~G
IV

\
~
F!gure 18b

.&.

What is the identity of X?

tA)
((:)

Callose
Lignin
Cellulose

(P,

~t<l--h

(B)

--

n~
21.

The ir>..fenorvena cava is represented by

(A)
(El

I
II

'. '-')

,(""

ITTI

T\1

'-"
-6 -

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in a single heart beat mown as the
cardiac cycle?

22.

II

- -CA) (BJ
(C)

Atrial systole -7 ventricular systole ~ atrial diastole -+ ventricular diastole

Ventricular diastole 4 atrial systole -+ atrial diastole ~ ventricular systole
Aria! diastole
atrial systole -? ventricular systole ... ventricular diastole
Ventricular systole ~ atrial systole ~ atrial diastole ~ ventricular diastole

-*

--(D)

Item 23 refers to the followL'lg table showing the distribution of blood volume, presSW"e and velocity in
a human!s vascular system.

Volume I em'

100

SO

30

2200

10

0.3

300

23. ~

d>

25.

Which combination below shows how

positive feedback affects it change in output
and the directional flow ofanimpulse?

O.
C..)

((

't
24.

18

Vlhich set of data corresponds with those for the vena cavae?

Item 24 refers to the follo,",ing diagram.

~
'b1

so}

40

100

A
,C

Velocity I em

Pressure I mmBg

26.

Output

pireetionaJ- flow

(A)

Large

(8)
(C)
(0)

Small
Large
Small

samedireetion
opposite direction
'110 direction
same direction

The outcome of an increase L'1 insulin

production is

The cell labelled ~ in the diagram above is

(A)

an increase in cell permeability to

(:8)

(C)

an erythrocyte
a platelet
a monocyte

'(D)

a neutrophil

(C)

a ftll) in glucose conversion to

glycogen
an increase in blood glucose sugar
levels
an increase in conversion of glycogen
to glucose conversion

(A)
(B)

glucose

(D)

;:::;...

or

.:

\;\.'jlll:!i
the i"o!bwi:lg structural features
prevent;. molecules, with a molct:u!ar m~~;s
~.!.r('(llCr than 6i! 0(10. passing. ir'JITl the
glcmeruJnf
cnpil1arics
into D~'WiTianE;
.:apsule?

: f"

. c;:

:9.

\.",'hic;h of the following

t:xplains
respiratory
poison
v/ouid
affect
lransrrussion of nerv:: 1l11pulses?

The ousemenl membnme

of the
ep~ rheii al eel j of 1:3cl\ man' s
capsule
The cell surface membrane of the
endothelial cells of the t,;a;:>i Haries

iC'I

The cell surface +nernbrane of the

II))

epithelial celis of [he Bowman's

capsuk
The spaces between the extensions
of the podocytes

why
the

I,A)
(B)

Na; gates require energy to open.

Energy is rcqu ired to restore the

(C)

Energy is required to change the

resting potential.
vultage potential from - 70 InV to
~ 40 mY.
'Ih;ynet as inhibitors of transmirter
substances.

(D)

hem 30 r.;;fers to the diagram below sbmving

of Bowman'~

the gap between two o(.;urones,

cap;..'1.Ile

it:::!':} 7.8 refers to the table be.lo\', which

shows vol~imes of waler reabsorbed at
different
regions
of the human kidlley
IH:ph;-ons, The totai volume of filtrate
pl'(,ducea by the glomemlus is] gO drn'/day.

Volume of water (elm

Region

Prmjmal tubules

I.

Loop of Henle

.eabsorbed/dllY
1.17"
.
V

--1

L
I

Distal tllbules

C:olleetiIlg duct

30.

Where is acetyl choline stored and secreted'?

Stored

Secreted into

19.2

(A)

(B)

(C)

i (D)
28.

10.0

2.2

~o

~l/'
o~:

(9l

\jv'ha~is the volume of urine produced per

day?

31.
(A)

1.6 dm~

(B)

eei

2.2 dm3
21.4 dID}

(D)

178.4dInJ

Disease
!

i (A)

Category

AIDS

Hereditary

I (B)

Stroke

Degenerative

I (e)

Diabetes

Infectious

Emphysema
p

Deficiency

I (D)

...

\Vh.ich of the following diseases is matched

to its MOST appropriate category?

,.-

1/

{"-

.-....;. .

..

4.

- 8-

.'

32.

Alcoholism is a disease which has been

linked to intrafamily violence. aggressive

Which of the following correctly identifies the

34.

structure l~belledY?

behaviour and petty crime. In which of the

following fou.r disease categories

alcoholism be placed?
1.

n.

III.
IV.
(A)

(B)

.jC)
(D)

33.

can

X
Stem ceJJs

Deficiency
Inherited

Degenerative
Social
I and Donly
. I and ill only
I, ill and IV only
IDand IV only

B lympboeytes

'Which oftbe following is NOT a function of

T.helper cells?

'Irs

(A)

(B)

(C)

when they encountu antigen for

the second time.
They assist T.KiIJer cells in the

immune

ceU~ed

nsponse

immune

response
(A)
. (B)

(C)

ckstnJction offoreign cells.

(D)

"",

humoral

They activate B.Jyml'hocytes to

divide and differentiate into plasma

cells.
.
They .quickly produce plasma cells

Antibodies

(D)

They activate phagocytic (leUs to

engulfforeign. cells and body cells

Lymph node

Thymus gland
Red bone marrow
Hypothalamus
/

infected with foreign antigen.

35.

.The diagram below shows antibody levels in blood serum ~fter expo~ure to

it

particular antigen. Which of the following immunoglobulins is/are important in the

body'sflfStresponse to an antigen?
Secondary

Primary
respoD~-e

Antibody

cPDcentration
inseTUJD

respons.e
I
I

First exposure

: Second

to antigea

:e"posllte

t
o
(A)
(B)
(C)

I
I
j
I

l~

Days

!gO
IgG and IgM
19M and IgG

.-....- ;,.

-'1 -

hem 36 refers to the diagram below which

illustrates an antibody molecule.

,
38.

_.--

. h 0 f th e foowrng
- II'
W Ilie

n.

If!,
IV.

(A)
(B)

0--

}(i.

The two labels which-representthe antigen

binding ;.;iteand the region whicbgives f1ex~

-'~.'

'-

''0--

.'<-.

'

:i,

..
.\/
comomanons

represent ~ommon us~s of monoclonal

~Uliibodles?
1.

Preyentiqn of transplant rejection; .

Early diagnosis of cholera
Tl,ssue typing fc)r transplants
Pregnancy testing j
of

1, II and fIJ only

I, III and IV only

(C)

II, III and IV only

(D)

L 11,III and LV
,

39.

ibility in binding to antigens are

Which orthe following

energy requirements

is NOT

il rC;l~on why

diffcr,in people from

birth to old age?

(A)J

and 4
and 5

(B).

(C)

2 and 5

(D)

3 and 4

(A)

(8)
(C)

Item 37 refers to the following inform.arion.

(D)

Pcrs.:m X is inject\::d with antibpdieli to the

disease.

Person Y is injected with vaccine and Pf{)-

Thea-mount of activity varies with

occupation.
Metabolic rate reduces with age.
Oend~r makes no difference to
energy needs.
As a p.ersonages they may be less

active.

types of immunity were investigated in

patients sufferiilg from tetanus.
Tv,'o

40.

Body Mass Index (8M!) i$ now used as a

simple means Qfassessing obesity. Wh.ich
one of the following formulae is used to
caJculate 8MI?

duces antibodies as t1 result

, Blood samples are removed from both people

at regular intervals. The results are
shown

0'.1

-Antibody

25

CB)

1'
"'-

2f
"~

15 X \\

/11 --- ..

(C)

,,"

HJ
5-1

"

(D)

"'i,.,"',~~~

5 10 15 20 25
Tame of injection
TimelDays
3i.

The types of immunity

(A)
"(-8)
(e)

being investigated are

passive natural, active natural

p~ssive artificial, active anificial
8:J:Cl'l e nl'lllJr,~L ;.l;.l5';sive :;l1iifici~

," . . e

BMI ;;

()\\

()

OV-~2jl;;'(;)

ItA).~1.Uf.., fV1

f)

oAft~L.

height

in In "

body mass in kg 1

the graph below.

cone.!
Arbitrary
mli~

(A)

8MI;; body mass in kg

heightinm2
8MI:

body

mali~

in kg

ag~ of jndivjduali~y~s
EMI ;::bodYlnassin kg
. height iJ1 m

/.

'

..

'

.'

.r

..

'<:.

- 10 -

41.

A professional athlete and an untrained individual each engaged in 10 minutes of exercise. The
athlete's blood pressure, pulse and breathing rale remained almost unchanged while the untrained individual experienoed
aocounts for this?

(A)

42.

an increase

jll

aU three

parometers. Which of the following

(S}-

The athlete developed increased muscle mass.

Cardiac output and lung capaoity increased with athletic training.

(C).
(D)

The athlete has more stamina due to a specialized diet

Endurance levels are higher in the athlete ..

Which of the following co.7cctJy idenHfie~ lht: causative agent :md the modI:' (If

tr8mdlto:~il);I

of dengue fever?

. Cnusative

43.

Agel1t---T~-r.

(A)

Virus

V <%'tor

(B)

Bacterium

Vector

(C)

Virus

Airborne

(l?)

Bacterium

Airbome

P..fter regular consumption of alcohol. fat

aocumulates in the Jiver.

Which

of the

following p.rovides an explanation of this?

(A)

Alcohol provides a substrate for the

synthesis of fat molecules in the

liver.
(B)

..i\lcohoJ.damages liver cells, so they

cannot convert fat into lipoproteins.

(C)

Alcohol acts as a buffer for fat, and

absorbs the fat and stores it.

'(D)

Alcohol

"

is used by liver ceHs in

preference to fat, as an energy

source.

'---~-I,

44.

Which of the following statemonts explain

why alcohol consumption c~n res1,J.lt iIi the

production oflarge quantities of watery urine

(diuresis)?
1.

n.
HI.
(A)
(B)

(C)
(P)

Alcohol mcreases theproductio.n of

ADH.
Alcohol inhibits ADH production.
Alcohol reduces the permeability of
the collecting ducts.

I and II only
1 and III only

n and ill only

n and UT

I,

F"!II?'\.

~"'''.,...r.~"!""""",,...,.,.. ......
_.,,.,.

~_

~~

~.... \"f
.
.J..,..

. 1I

~,

::

Item ~s refers, La the table below showing

X. 'y' and Z and their effects.

three' components of wbneo smoke,

,..
..
-..
-.---~. --.-.-._.1

i Constricts arterioles

I St.im\llat. l;:S reJf;l:lSe

of

I.

In.~~reas0s.,'.stickiness
01 .vlatelms

I (/l-.)..

_I

CD)

I (C)'

I CD)

....--;
I

Thickens lung
tissue::

the lining

of anenes

Pn')lTIo!'es

lung

I~~l~c~r

~,='-~~--~----

-'1=-I = ----I : - :.~.:

X.

or tbe following rorrecdy id~ntjfks X, y ~nd. Z?

\Vhich

I-

'j I D.il0ages

----

ln~reuses ;;ecretion
ofm\.lc~s

haemoglobill
D~creas~.s leve.ls of
oxygen in blood

I adrenaltne

4:;.

i
Y
I Combines" with

T.u-

,,~icotin~

Cat'pon mopmdde

Tar

I Cwpcm monoxide

Nicotine

r~iCOtinc'
-

. i ~

-~.

Cal'bun mono~i(;i~ Tar"-

-N~nel'rar_:

Carbon monoxide

I
KFYOUFII\HSH BEF'ORETlL!'\1EIS CALLED, CHECK YOUR \VOF.K ON TillS TEST.

v/
~.
~.

,-------------------------------------------------