SUBJECT: TEHNOLOGIA CONSTRUCTLOR MASINI

Jos Ignacio Herrera Ramos

Gheorghe Asachi Tehnical University of Iasi, Romania.

INDEX
*Types of production
*Types of workpieces

SECTIONS
*Types of production
A production process is any economic activity that creates added value. These
processes can be submit to a various analyzes to deal the problems for develop,
such as improved efficiency through automation, methods that serve to expand
productivity, just looking for the optimization of the quality or support economic.
In general there are four production processes: batch, continuous processes, chain
and project type; which are defined below:
-Batches.
This mode is well known as it is used in large production companies. Generally,
the organization is divided into floors, each specializing in a part of the final
product. The product comes in a initial state and is crossing each plant to be
completed. To complete each area requires operators of machinery, this is
distributed so that production follow a course. Assembling the batch will cost
generated according to the arrangement of the machine and the size of the output
series. The industry that best exemplifies and develops this model is a small
textile factory.

-Continuous processes.
In this case it is a network processes where deposits form a series that raw
materials must travel to become the final product. This is not as essential to the
intervention of staff in each area, but few people are required to monitor and
perform discrete activities.

-Chain processes.
Many people perform activities within the factory with precise rhythms
dependent on the progress of previous advances. A string that transports the
product by process, which depends on the activities of those who operate
machinery that simultaneously processes complete machines can not perform is
armed.

Working online is identified by internal divisions of areas of work, some more

accurate than others; each step is carefully timed to balance production in each
area. An assembly industry produces its products through this process.

-Process type project.

This production takes place at a specific site that meets the conditions for work
or which is the area to be exploited. This method requires planning and
programming before execution. It is envisioned that laboratories or oil wells
continue this type of process for their production

*Types of worpieces
Deformation processes: The material is subjected to high stresses that force the
material to adapt to a predefined cavity, adopting its shape.
-Volumetric or global deformacin
Plastic deformation occurs in a significant amount of material compared to the
total.

-Laminated: laminate is the industrial process whereby the thickness of a sheet

metal or similar materials with the application of pressure by using various
processes such as ring rolling or laminate is reduced profile. Therefore, this
process is applied to materials with a good level of workability.

The machine that performs this process is known as mill. The laminate can be
cold or hot. Hot rolling is being performed with a significantly higher
temperature at which recrystallization has the metal.
-Forging, like extrusion and lamination is formed by a process of plastic
deformation can be performed hot or cold, in which the deformation of the
material occurs by the application of compressive forces.
This manufacturing process is used to form and give certain properties to metals
and alloys to which it is applied by high pressures. The deformation can be done
in two ways: by pressure, using continuous presses, or by impact, using
intermittently hammers.
Note that is a metal forming process in which no metal removal occurs, thus a
significant saving of material compared to other processes such as machining
occurs
-Extrusion is a process used to create objects with defined cross section and
fixed. The material is pushed or drawn through a die of a desired cross section.

The two main advantages of this process over processes manufactured are the
ability to create very complex cross-sections with materials that are brittle,
because the material is only compressive forces and shear.

-Local or sheet metal forming deformacin

Plastic deformation occurs on a localized area of material. The rest of the piece is
undeformed or elastic deformations.
In addition, some processes can be hot or cold

-Is defined as bending deformation of the metal around a straight shaft without
causing change in thickness. Causes a typical flex stress state. Traction above the
neutral axis and compression below.
By applying a punch, a force is applied to a plastically deforming materials. The
material takes the shape defined by the punch and die.

-Stretched
The plate is fastened at the ends by jaws subjecting it to a tensile stress and a
punch executes the graduated compression force.
The combination of tensile and compressive pressures makes the piece has
constant plastic deformation and low elastic recovery which causes, in one step,
the piece is valid. You can achieve sufficiently complex contours.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
-Lasheras, JM. Tecnologa mecnica y metrotcnia, vol 1. Ed.
Donostiarra,
1996.
-Kalpakjian, S. Manufactura, Ingeniera y Tecnologa. Ed. Pearson,
2002.
-wikipedia