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September 9, 2003
SCANNINGCALIBRATION
STANDARD..
........... IO
.....
............. 13
SPINEPIIANTOMMEASUREMENTSNOTWIIIIINSPECIFICATION.................. ...........t4
CALIBRAONEXAMPLESAPPENDX
............... 15
XDRIFTGRA
AUTOSET.TRC EXAMPLE
PRINTOUTAPPENDIX...
.................24
Page 2
CALIBRATION OVERVIEW
There are three major operations performed during a calibration: Diagnostics, Scanning
the calibration standard, and the scan of the QC phantom.
The Diagnostics performs test of the PMT's, ilters, and source before scanning the
calibration standard. lt will display pass/fail for each test performed.
The scanning calibration standard consists of measurements of the 77 steps of plastic
and metal combinations, using allthe filters. An initial calibration makes 4 complete
passes and takes approximately 6 hours for a scanner equipped with a high speed filter
and 12 hours for non-high speed. The daily calibration (performed each day by the
operator) takes approximately 30 minutes. The daily measurements are compared to a
reference value that is available in CALIB.FIL (created by the initial calibration). lf a
measurement result is out of speciication, an eror message will appear on the screen,
and the scanner will re-measure that location. lf subsequent attempts still fail, the
calibration will be flagged as'failed'and the enors are stored in an ERRORS.TRC file.
Due to the retries, a failing calibration may take more time than usual. lf the calibration
fails, the file CALIB.DBG is created. A failing calibration never affects your CALIB.FIL file.
1.
'?
4-channel:
Type
'CD\)(R26\CALTRACE',
'TYPE
ERRORS.TRC >PRN'.
2-channel: Enter'CDXR26', then'ryPE ERRORS.TRC >PRN"
arm.
4.
5.
6.
Verifo the calibration standard is sitting straight on the tabletop. Verifu the laser
touches the top and bottom edges of the standard simultaneously. Check the front
and side. For XR26 scanners make sure it is hanging straight. Adjust the knobs on
the bracket untilthe standard is level.
Verify that Points A and B were marked properly during the calibration procedure.
The points must be marked on the Plexiglas and not the metal bracket.
Page 3
7.
Verify the calibration standard is not damaged. Shake the standard to see if there are
any loose parts. Remove the covers to verify there is no foreign or loose material
inside.
..
J-l:
8.
Verify the calibration standard is in the marks on the tabletop. lt must fit within the
window that is cut out of the tabletop (this is only visible under the tabletop).
10. Make sure the parameters have been properly entered on the Service Setup scren
For 2-channel also make sure the conect configuration has been selected, (high vs
normal speed, high vs low intensity).
2
<;i
/'
-11
for radiation leaks from the source; add lead as required. For 2-channel, a
failing spine or rough body scan on a normal speed scanner or a failure for a high
numbered ilter on a high speed scanner may be an indication of a radiation leak from
the source. Perform the Radiation Leakage Test in the 3885631 Repair Procedure.
12. Check
DIAGNOSTICS
During the first segment of an Initial and Daily Calibration, a spectrum of the PMT is
displayed, the discriminators are set, background radiation is measured, and diagnostic
tests are performed for the reference beam, the shutter, high attenuation filter, medium
attenuation filter, low attenuation ilter, and dynamic filtration (HS scanners only). The
software expects to detect a certain amount of Low Energy and a certain amount of HighEnergy counts with each shutter or filter in place. Refer to the Low / High Energy Counts
in the General Troubleshooting Guide for an explanation of count rates.
The file DIAGNOST.TRC contains all the information gathered during this section of the
calibration.
The DOS "type" command may be used to print the entire diagnost.trc file.
4-channel: Type 'CDU(R26\CALTRACE', press Enter, then "TYPE
DIAGNOST.TRC >PRN".
2-channel: Enter'CD\)(R26'. then 'TYPE DIAGNOST.TRC >PRN"
o
o
Page 4
rtr
0iscriristr {3
Sedgrourd 5lg
lcftrucr &rr
- Ptss
Shuttrr
- f:ss
ligir lttn. ilter - Prss
ltri,ul rlnen. Filur - P:ss
br lttu. Fil,ur - P:ss
I
I
T
I
a
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Estirutrl
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con:ttioa frctor o.nr Fsr
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tltrsic
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n
n
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0iscrininator'1X6,,221,1284,177
Brckground
Reference Bean
ray Off
Shutter
Lou Atten, tilter
ledun fitten. tilter
Hish tten, tilter
Oynanic FItretion
/i/\
June 9?
DNI[V TOLIBNATII{
/1
c
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lr
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E
Scrnnng
5,8,8,2
[elbrution
PASS
PA55
PASS
PA55
PA55
PASS
PA55
Standard
0:81:09
to
Tarrinate rlibration
PISRESS
|-(ficel-l
Discriminators
Typically the 2-channel discriminators are less than 100. lf they are more it may indicate
a defective PMT or grounding problem.
Page 5
,.
V
/:.'. -7
.'
-*, "'
u. ,
't-4"
"i.1>
->
For 4-channel the discriminators are normally between 1 100 and 1700. Discriminator
settings are the DAC values set by the software to separate the high and low energy in
each PMT and eliminate the noise. Final refers to the top PMT (high energy), and Initial
refers to the bottom PMT (low energy). On the printout, FH=Final High, FL=Final Low,
lH=lnitial High, lL=lnitial Low. (See printout below.) For systems with host software 3.9.5
or higher the Peak Values will also be displayed. For QS host software 3.0.0 to 3.9.4 the
peaks can be displayed by performing a Diagnostic peak from PeakPick of the XSST
menu. The Peak is the DAC setting that coresponds to the highest point on the
spectrum. The finalpeak (high energy PMT) should be between2200-2300, and the peak
for the initial tube (low energy PMT) should be between 1 100-1200. lf they are out of
range then refer to the 3885631 Repair Procedure to adjust the PMT Gains. An initial
calibration must be performed afler a gain adjustment.
lf the message "Discriminators Out of Range' is displayed for QS Host Software, verify
the discriminators are within the following ranges:
FH
1024 - 2560
Max chanqe - 250
FL
96-512
60
IL
96-512
40
IH
1024-3072
300
Verify the PMT spectrum is normal and does not indicate a defective PMT. Referto the
Calibration Example Appendix of this Calibration Troubleshooting Guide.
The following is an example of a calibration failed because of a High-Energy PMT without
a "Ghost" peak and using XR v3.1.3 Host Software.
lf, (rlibrrtion Urrson 3.1,1 98 Noecnber 9
DEIt
(ATISRATIO{
Oiscrininator
Fil,rt,ilr,
lI
(onplatr
61AJ56,1632,216
B:clgmund
Reerrnca 0err
Xrry Off
Shuttr
Lor
tltrr
ttetr. tiltrr
ltttn. iler
ftten,
llprliun
llish
0yiedc Filtntior
- ftIibrrtioa
Fress
to
krnlnrtr (rlbrrtiol
(rlibrrtian
Status:
nsttT1
You can visibly see there is no "ghost' peak at the anow and the discriminator for FH is
at 610 instead within the specifications of 1024-2560. Install host software 3.9.5 or higher
if compatible with the scanner hardware, otherwise replace the high energy PMT.
Page 6
AutoSet
This is performed during the diagnostic tests for a daily and an initial calibration before
the peak spectrum is displayed, and often displays "Retrying'.
All XR46 and Excell Scanners with
the Autoset Detection section.
,i.
/.
i:
type
9N
- seleci
2.
Perform the XSST "PAutoset -R" and then print a peak to see if the peak values are
set correctly at2250 and 1 150. Refer to the 3885631 Repair Procedure for more
details on setting the discriminators. flhe XSST autoset and host software autoset are
independent and do not have shared file. Performing the XSST autoset will only aid in
determining the failure and not fix the host software error.) These values are stored in
the XR26\Service\pautoset.trc file. Make sure beam path is clear of all objects except
the tabletop.
3.
Measure the voltages on TP2 and TP3 fIP1 is ground) on the Autoset board while
PAutoset - R is running. Verify the voltages are changing. lf they are not then autoset
is not working and the wiring should be ecked. lf they are changing then check the
filters to make sure they are working conectly.
4.
Wiring:
4.1. First of all check the wire connectors on the Laser Power Supply board:
P1 Pin 4=Purple, Pin S=Brown, Pin 6=Tan
P3 Has no connector
P4 Red on Top and Yellow on Bottom
P5 Red To Left (when standing in the back of the scanner)
P6 Orange on left and Gray on Right side (when standing in the back of the
scanner)
Page 7
5. The peaks may be manually adjusted if autoset fails using the "PMTVOLT -ixxx -f
xxx", where xxx is the voltage values for initial (IP3) and inal (IP2). Previous values
for the scanner can be obtained from the C:D(R26\Caltrace\Autoset.his. Perform a
diagnostic peak to view the spectrum and the peak values. lf they are not conect then
adjust the voltages until 2250 and 1150 values are achieved. Measure the voltages on
TP2 andTP3, using TP1 as ground on the Autoset Board. The measured voltage
should be the same as the voltage entered in the above command.
6.
Veriff 15 volts is getting to the Laser Power Supply Board. Measure the voltages Pin 5
-Brown wire (-15v), Pin 6=Tan wire (+15) on P1 of the Laser Power Supply Board.
7. Verify the 5 volt is being generated on the Laser Power Supply Board. Measure Pin 4
of P2 of the Laser Power Supply Board.
Background
For all system the background is normally less than 10. This measurement is of the
radiation or noise being detected by the PMT's without the shutter open. lf it is hgher then
10 veriy that no other sources of radiation are close to the scanner, such as another xray device or any nuclear medicine patients or material. This may also be caused by a
bd ground connection such as the one on the upper assembly orthe source, or noisy
components such as a PMT.
The reference beam is a measurement through a specific step of the metal and plastic
as determined by the software. lf this measurement fails then refer to the 3885631
Repair Procedure to perform a Source Count Rate check. The actual count rate can be
viewed in the C:XR26\CALTRACE\DIAGNOST.TRC for 4-channel scanners . For 2channel scanners the file is C:XR26\DIAGNOST.TRC. lf there are no or low counts refer
to the general Troubleshooting section of this guide. For 2-channel, make sure the
correct parameters have been selected in the Service Setup (high intensity, low
intensity). Wren the Service Setup is configured for High Speed, High lntensity the
Reference Beam count rate ranges are: High=l79,000 - 691,000 ll Low=269,000 1,058,400. The count rate range for Low Speed, High Intensity Reference Beam the
values are : H igh= 1 72,000-6 1 9,000 // Low=269,000-968,000.
lf the reference beam fails the x-ray off, then the shutter may also fail because they are
based on the reference beam measurement. But it is probably a problem with the
reference beam count rates and not the shutter.
lfjustthe shutterfails verify proper operation of the micro switch on the filter casting and
the wiring from the shutter to the main board. For more details refer to the general
Troubleshooting section of this guide. Replace the ilter assembly because the shutter
arm thickness may be too thin.
1.
Perform the Filter Test in the 3885631 Repair Procedure. lf this fails the make sure
the board and filter are a matched set. Replace the filter assembly.
Page 8
following:
\Mren the filterarm moves in and out of the beam there is an acceleration pulse sent
and then a brake pulse. lt may be that the brake pulse is not be sent and the arm is
bouncing. There are 3 separate circuits on the board - one for each arm.
FilterArm 3 - brake pulse TP12 - acceleration pulse TP13 controlled by U12.
Filter Arm 2 - brake pulse TP6 - acceleration pulse TP7 - controlled by U6.
Filter Arm 1 - brake pulse TP2 - acceleration pulse TP3 - controlled by U1.
Ground = TP16
Run the filter test from the XSST menu. Run each filter separately by entering the
filter number instead of A forAll. \Mrile the arm is moving then look at the signals on
the conesponding test point. lf possible use a dual probe attach one to the
acceleration pulse and one to the brake pulse. The acceleration pulse will lead the
brake pulse. Set the scope to 2 ms/div, and 1vldiv. The signalis about 5 volts in
amplitude and 4.5 ms. Compare the signal for the defective filter arm to the other two.
View the signal for an extra pulse on the filter arm that is failing. Also listen for the
extra click.
For the defective arm try to change the corresponding lC to see if the problem moves
to the other arm. For example if filter arm 3 is failing then change U12 (filter arm 3)
for either U6 (ilter arm 2)or U1 (filter arm 1). All the lC's are in a socket. See if the
problem moves to the other filter arm. Make sure to mark the lC's with the original
location so it can be returned to the original configuration. lf U15 (filter 3), Ug (filter2),
and U3 (filter 1) are in a socket also try to exchange them.
3.
4.
Make sure the Filter Motor Driver Board and filter assembly have the same serial
number. They are matched at the factory and cannot be interchanged.
5.
6.
Print the DIAGNOST.TRC, DF3.TRC, and DF4.TRC immediately afier the failure for
analysis.
For 4-channel scanners enter the following commands:
Cd\x126\caltrace
Type diagnost.trc >prn
Type df3.trc >prn
Type df4.trc >pm
For 2-channel scanners enter the following commands:
Cd\xr26
Type diagnost.trc >prn
Type df3.trc >prn
Type df4.trc >pm
7.
Page 9
For 2-channel: at full power and over an open area of the table, perform the PEAK
program and record the values. Then run SNPEAK and follow the on-screen
prompts, except do not use the lead. Record the values. lf there is a difference of
approximately 40 or more, replace the low energy PMT, if lowering the gains does not
conect the failure.
9.
For 2-channel: upgrade any High Speed systems that have Main Board 3884004 to
EPROM Rev 1.3.1 to take advantage of improvements in sampling software code.
10. For2-channel, make sure the parameters have been properlyentered on the Service
Setup screen (high speed, high intensity).
1
A Mark l, Low
lntensity, Low Speed scanner must first be upgraded to a Mark ll, High Intensity, Low
Speed system before attempting a High Speed upgrade. The attenuator plug must be
removed from the well of the Lorad source.
12.For XR26, Eclipse, and XR36 scanners with a motor driver board 387A017, verifo a
Motor Driver Board Shield is installed.
For 4-channel do not terminate the calibration if the .Status" in the lower left comer
indicate "Retrying". lt will re-measure the failed steps of the calibration standard. lf it is
not successful then the Status will indicate 'Failed'.
For 2-channel do not terminate the calibration if enors are displayed in the lower lefl
corner. The software will retry the measurements. lf the retry is successful, the original
error message remains on screen and the calibration will continue. lf the retry is not
successful (i.e. the calibration has failed), the original message remains on the
calibration screen, or is updated with additional eror messages, untilthe message
'CALIBRATION ERRORS DETECTED' is displayed on the lower right side of the
calibration screen, indicating a failed calibration.
CDXR26\CALTRACE, press enter, type DEL ERRORS.HIS, and press enter. For 2channel scanners the history of enors is not saved.
Page 0
?
?
The DOS type command may also be used to print the entire enors.trc
file.
o
o
139765 3.96Yo
= 237495 -2.2%
counts = 242885 +l- 3.490 13444t +/- 3.66yo
Allowable
ranse =
234397
251373
t29515
139368
Explanation ofvalues:
(The filter nurnber, the metal step, and the plastic step are displayed.)
Metal=3, Plastic=7, Detector= I (Always displays I because the detectors
\Filter:O,
are stacked and not side bv side.)
(The frrst colurnn is the surn of the high energy cgunt rate frorn the final and initial tube.)
(The second colurnn is the surn of the ow energy count rate,frorn the hnal and initial tube.)
vv
(H/L) = 237495 -2.2% 139765
f
=
Allowable range =
Expectedcounts
1.
3.96yo
Veri[t the tabletop or the calibration standard has NOT been moved after marking
points A and B. Norland strongly recommends posting "Do not distu-xrays are
being emitted" signs while running the initial calibration.
2.
calibration to fail, level the table or make sure the cabling is secure.
4. Make sure the source fan is working or the count rates will drift.
5. Compare cold peak values to peak values after a system is warmed up to see if there
is a gain drift.
Page
6.
(Sec)
rate
Minirnurn coullt
1)
:200.0
:5761 #Before Correction
: 0, 0, 0, 0 # After Correction
This means no counts are being detected. Refer to the No Counts section of the General
Troubleshooting Guide for details.
Residual Errors
This error can occur during a daily or an initial calibration. Basically it means the
measurements of the steps do not fit the polynomial equation. Verify the calibration
standard is not damaged, it is in the proper position, and sitting level on the table. Check
the PMT spectrum to verify the PMT's are good, refer to the Calibration Examples
Appendix of this Calibration Troubleshooting Guide procedure. Perform a skiptest,
stability test, ilter test, and table test. Veri[t the background counts for 4-channel
scanners are less than 12.
1.
Page
12
NOTE: lf the message appears 'lnvalid European data in ile' the CALDRIFT.TRC file
must be edited, using any type of DOS editor. This is caused by changing the date
from European to USA in host software Preferences under lhe Setup menu.
To analyze the graphs refer to the Xdrift Graphs Appendix of this Calibration
Troubleshooting Guide.
3.
DIMENSIONS, BEFORE AN
INITIAL CALIBRATION.
2.
3.
Verify the arm has clearance around the entire table area.
Verify the position of the Main Cable in the bottom of the scanner.
For XR26: Make sure it is positioned properly around the guideposts.
Make sure the cable is bracketed to the scanner in such a way that the Main
Cable is not restricting arm travel.
4.
Veriff the arm moves freely on the rails. Any excess friction can cause the scanner to
miss steps and encounter a limit switch. lt may be necessary to oil the rails. Do not
use any lubrication with a degreaser such as WD40. Use light machine oil such as 3
in
1.
2.
lf the RETRY option fails, tum off the scanner power, tum it back on, and select
RETRY again to continue.
3.
lf the system still does not respond, tum the computer and scanner off. Tum the
power back on and restart the calibration process. lf errors continue to occur, refer to
the No Communication section of the GeneralTroubleshooting Guide.
Page
13
1.
To view these files type XD_QC at the C:tr prompt. To view the fat and lean values
enterXD_QC -T.
2.
To delete any invalid scan, type XD_QC -Dxxx, where xxx is the record number of the
invalid scan.
3.
Verify the conect information has been entered into the service setup screen of the
host software. The calculations for precision and accuracy are based on these
entered values.
4.
5.
Verify a final factor has been set. Refer to the 3885631 Repair procedure for details.
6.
Verify the last 16 scans are valid. The calculations are based on the last 16 scans. lf
some of those measurements are significantly different then the precision and
accuracy for the last scan will be affected. Delete all bad values or start a new QC
file. To rename the existing file enter CD XR26 to change to the XR26 directory, for
host software revision <3.9.5 enter REN QC.FIL QCMMDD.FIL (where mmdd is the
month and day), and for host software revision 3.9.5 or later enter REN
NRLD_QC.FIL NRLDMMDD.FIL (where mmdd is the month and day).
7.
Veriy the QC phantom has been placed on the table conectly and marked in the
proper order.
Page 4
r
lCalib ration Troubleshooting Guide
l-
t-
XR v3.5.0 Host
The following is an example of a passing initial calibration using
t-
It[ trli*rtior,:lltrig
t'86
Jtue
softrare'
9?
IflIIIAL Cil-lgflfirl(ll
t-
Background
&ference Derr
It
l-
*fl'?:1,iff:"
0iscrininatrr,
llr:r.
Of
Shutter
PASS
P*55
p*s5
'tr{"**m,'fitter
ttra;'FiJter
?r55
&nanir Filtrarim
?{55
?5S
+455
1{dilirn
T
E
Scrnnisg
'l*rne
(Erc) to
prtss -(alitrrtion
TPminat!
talibrrtion'Statusi lll
l-nceil
?RORSS
ex
9?
)AILY CALIBNSIIH
FH'FL,lll'lL --
.s,s.s,z
0iscririnator'lt,22r:1?14'177
E;;[;;;ile
_-f,eference Bean
$;i'f
36uter
ii-iien, rilter
friiin-iie.-ruter
iiiq["iti."Fitier
iiyiir-ilitiliion
PAIS
Pss
.pA55
PA5t
PAss
?i5t
Ptss
Ttrdnate [rlibration
[alibnton itrtus:
IN
PR[6RE55
fGncerl
Page
15
lloueer
Referenca Bean
PR55
Off
tA55
trry
Shutter
Pe55
PA55
Pes9
- telibrrtion
Tin
otal
PA55
PnsS
Cop&tr
Renaining Ths
Fhase: 8:8:80
lim Reirainins:
0:@:@
Prtss (Es to
frrinte (alibrltiott
ftIibrrtion
lTi'tin
Status:
!,
: ll
tun
Jut
t./lt,
t9t
eo{utF5d
!.t:
l,
ChD
trqa'Ern
! at
t/ltr
Jut
tgr
i ?ca*
ibc9e
a..Tl
q/bi
k taiirt
!/fl
Llt\
3H6
??a tr6
<!m
F*
7/lL
t t
t?a
i
:
i
Page
16
in.ly-.4
: ll
t.
lrir
lg
chrn
'./L
tgl
l.stFa
3 lt a{
a.a! t. G.i l/tl-
llt
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lric
t/tl
ll?a
l^!
B lntiill
l,/FL l/lt
laSr
a(.a l{at
ral
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c
i
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146
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lrla
Page
17
t-
t-
troubleshooting principles
The following examples are 2-channel images' however,the
is the 4-channel graphs have 4 lines,
are the same for 4-channel. The major Jiri"no
PMT), FL (Final Low = low energy counts
FH (Finat High = nig; ; counts or the top
bottom PMT)' lL (lnitial
forthe top pMT), lH (lnitial High = the hig ilggt counts'forthe
Low = the low energy counts for the bottom PMT)
XDRIFT EMMPLE
t^
a defective
is drifting faster than the other. The majgl c-a9se is
failure'
this
cause
pMT. A Charge nmrin.i "iO-ot Bias Board could also
one
XDRIFT EMMPLE 2
Both PMT's are drifting lower at the same rate'
L
1.
1
a Lorad source
Adding a
3.
XR-30
4.
Page
18
XDRIFT EMMPLE 3
-ttlity
|ftherearespikesintheCALDRIFTgraphthismaybeduetothethermalinstabi|ityofthe
test, filter test' and check for
a
Perform
casting.
source or itter
"oiJ
wirin g'
defective/inte rmitte nt
XDRIFT EMMPLE 4
all channels' This scanner was failing daily
It appears that the count rate is unstable for
Perform a
i.it to ve5r.fu ine.,-source is stable'the
catibrations. perronri';;il-t liour stability
correct
Vrify..tfre calibration in
fitter test to verify th;iit.;are workinj'co1199tly,
iX'
'B'
on the
'A'
or
in ih" platic.and not the
mart<ing.,ine
iV
place on the tabte
problem
".
;neiit is warmed up then it may be a thermal
metat bracket. lf tne
Verify there..are not extemal environmental
that should be detected by the stability.test'
cafibration standard sit straight on
Verifythe
issues, rike power oi'nol.ii-ray oevic.
te lase.r should hit the edge of the top
the table. Use the rar.i to verify it is siiaight,
beam
rirn,ittaneously. lf it is not straight the x-ray
cover and the edge of the bottom .ou"t
to
test
table
a
p"n ar" for point 'A'' Run
could be hitting the first step instead. of lfte
count
the
if
see
1ttpgom and ilex cables to
verify the lower cable g.0 Use the
rates droP.
"t
lairy;t;.;
lI
l-
l-
Page
19
XDRIFT EXAMPLE
64138r'1997
XR
15:53
414-563-S6Zt;
Xray Sourcc
PA'GE 61
1997
I .200
'-'Xlgh
"""Lw
i
--l
r .150
l. roo l-I
I
I
I
I
ol
OI
r.oso
9l
PI
ol
ol
oi
r.ooo i.|{
v-^','--\tl
.44r 'lAv
'i*,-r-n
,[[ ll
I
"'-'--".;r.,ll,i t--{rH\-A\${t
'r\r..ur
dl
ol
6l
o.rso i*-
'-i1rv..l-----
\'
't
a.ra.
*..
r \\tr,
'r'l'
0.900
/\
'r
l.-.
v \t\,
I
r!,...,
. i !..
0.s50 l-.
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o
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Page 20
XDRIFT EXAMPLE 2
94138/'1997
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