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I S11673: 1992
Indian St andard
UDC
661.833.322.2 : 54 -
145
@ BIS 1992
BUREAU
MANAK
April 1992
OF
BH AVAN,
INDIAN
STANDARDS
9 BAH ADUR
SH AH
NE W DE LH l 110002
ZAF AR
MARG
/
I
CHD 02
FOREWORD
This Indian Standard ( First Revision ) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draft
finanlized by the Acids, Alkalies and Halides Sectional Committee had been approved by the Chemical
Division Council.
Sodium hypochlorite
solution is used in textile and paper bleaching, laundry trade, sterilization of
swimming pools, disinfection of drinking water, treatment of cyanide wastes of electroplating industry
and treatment of sewage effluent. It is also used as a sanitizer and deodorizer for floors, sinks and
toilets, as a therapeutic adjunct in the treatment of certain skin diseases and as a safe antiseptic,
Commercial sodium hypochlorite
solution usually contains 10 to 15 percent of available chlorine at
The stability of hypochlorite solution is greatly affected by heat, light, pH and
ambient temperatures.
presence of heavy metal cations ( which are present in caustic soda ). The optimum stability is attained
at a pH close to 11 and with the heavy metal cations content not more than 5 ppm. Storage temperatures should not exceed 32C above which the rate of decomposition becomes too high and the available chlorine content is rapidly depleted. At temperatures above 38C, sodium chlorate formation
becomes appreciable resulting in loss of sodium hypochlorite.
This standard was originally published in 1986. In this revision, the formulae for various requirements
have been suitably corrected.
The method of test for determination
of sodium chlorate has been
modified.
For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with, the final
value, observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in actor.
dance with IS 2 : 1960 Rules for rounding o f f numerical values ( revised ). The number of significant
places retained in the rounded off value should be the same as that of the specified value in this
standard.
I!iS11673:1992
Indian St andard
SODIUMHYPOCHLORITESOLUTIONSPECIFICATION
1 SCOPE
Availa6Ie Chlorine
Trade,
2 REFERENCES
The Indian Standards listed below are necessary
adjuncts to this standard:
IS No.
Tit le
264 : 1976
265 : 1987
2124 : 1974
sampling.
Grade 2 -
700
90
250
12
120
180
15
150
100
18
180
60
1700
AND STORING
6.2 Marking
Each package shall bear legibly and indelibly the
following information:
4 GRADES
of the following
60
shall be
6.1 Packing
3 TERMINOLOGY
The material
grades:
Grade 1 -
Life
Day s, 25C
6 PACKING, MARKING
rev ision )
4905 : 1968
Half
t 3ll
30
rev ision )
1070 : 1977
Chlorine
Percent
two
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
5 REQUIREMENTS
5.1 Description
6.3 Storing
The hypochlorite solution shall be a pale, yellowish green, clear liquid and shall not produce
any sludge or turbidity when mixed with water.
The material shall be stored in a cool and darkplace. While shipping, the material shall be stored away from boilers or any other source
emanating heat and light.
IS 1 1 6 7 3 : 1 9 9 2
Sl No.
(1)
i)
ii)
iii)
iv)
v)
vi)
vii)
Characteristic
Requirement
I-.- ----_-h_-_----_
(3)
107 to 118
40 to 60
Grade 2
(4)
120 Min
125 to 150
Method of Test
( Ref to Cl No.
in Annex A )
(5)
A-2
A-3
40 to 60
10
05
04
Traces
125 to 150
50
05
10
Traces
A-4
A-5
A-6
A-l
A-8
Grade I
(2)
Relative density ( at 25/25 C )
Available chlorine ( as Cl ), percent by mass by
volume
Total chlorine, percent by volume ( as Cl )
Free alkali ( as NaOH 1, g/l, Min
Free sodium carbonate
( as Na&Oa 1, g/l, MUX
Iron ( as Fe 1, ppm, Max
Sodium chlorate
ANNEX
A
( Clause 5.3 )
METHODS OF TEST FOR SODIUM
A-l QUALITY OF REAGENTS
A-2 DETERMINATION
DENSITY
mean
which
HYPOCHLORITE SOLUTION
chemicals
affect the
OF RELATIVE
A-2.0 General
Relative
density shall be determined
by a
capillary-stoppered
relative density bottle, but
subject to agreement between the purchaser and
the supplier, a Twaddell or Baume hydrometer
may also be used.
A-2.2 Calculation
Relative
where
MI = mass in g of the empty relative density bottle;
M, = mass in g of water at 25C and the
relative density bottle; and
M3 = mass in g of sodium hypochlorite
solution at 25C and the relative density bottle.
A-2.1 Procedure
Clean the bottle with a saturated solution of
chromic acid in concentrated
sulphuric acid
followed by washing with alcohol.
Dry the
bottle,
cool it to room temperature and weigh.
Fill the weighed bottle with water and place it
in the constant temperature bath maintained at
25.0 & 0.5C for an hour. Then insert the capillary stopper which has also been brought to
25.0 f 0.5%. Wipe excess liquid from the top of
the stopper, remove the bottle from the bath,
wipe the outside to dryness, bring to room temperature and weigh. The difference between the
mass of the filled and empty bottle gives the
water equivalent,
that is, the mass in air of the
water contained in the bottle at 25.0 f 0.5 C.
IS 11673 : 1992
A-3.1
A-3.3 Calculation
Reagents
A-3.1.1
Available chlorine
( as Cl ), percent
( AN x 0.035 46 ) x 100
mass by volume =
V
Mix 0.5 g
water and
cool and
frequently
the starch
Solution -
Sodium hypochlorite
( as
NaOCl ),
percent
mass by = ( AN x 0.037 22) x 100
volume
V
A-3.3.1
05 percent.
where
Standard Sodium
( Hype ) - 0.1 N.
A-3.1.5
A=
Thidsulphate Solution
N=
VZ
A-3.1.5.1
Standardization
volume in ml of standard
sodium
thiosulphate solution required for titration of the sample;
normality of the standard sodium thiosulphate solution; and
volume in ml of original sample in
aliquot used.
qf sodium thiosulphate
All hypochlorites
and chlorates present are
reduced to chloride by sodium metabisulphite
in the presence of nitric acid. The total chlorine
is then determined by Volhard method.
solution
Weigh accurately 3.567 g of dry potassium iodate
( KIOr, ) and transfer to a 1 000 ml volumetric
flask. Dissolve in water, mix thoroughly
and
make up to the mark. This solution will be
exactly
O+l N. To standardize
the sodium
thiosulphate
solution, carefully pipette out a
50 ml aliquot of the potassium iaclate solution
into a 250-ml conical flask and dilute to 100 ml
with water. Add 1 g of potassium iodide crystals. When it is dissolved, add 15 ml of O-1 N
hydrochloric
acid and titrate immediately with
the sodium thiosulphate
solution.
When the
solution becomes light yellow, add 1 ml of
starch indicator solution and complete the titration to the disappearance of the blue colour.
Standardize at least monthly.
Calculate
the
normality of the sodium thiosulphate
solution
as follows:
( 50x0-i )
Normality =
A
where A is the volume, in ml, of standard sodium thiosulphate solution required for titration.
A-4.1 Reageuts
A-4.1.1
A-4.1.2
See IS 264 :
1976.
&L1J3 Standard
.
Sodium
Chloride
Soluticn -
Thiocyunate
Solu-
A-3.2 Procedure
Dissolve
8.5 g of silver nitrate
( AgNOs )
in water and dilute to 1000 ml. Store in an
amber-coloured
glass-stoppered bottle. Standardize the solution as follows:
Pipette out 25 ml of the standard O-05 N
sodium chloride solution ( see A-4.1.3 ) into
a 250-ml conical flask resting on a white
porcelain tile, and add 1 ml of potassium
chromate indicator ( see A-4.1.7 ). Add the
3
X311673: 1992
silver nitrate solution slowly from a burette,
swirling the liquid constantly
until the red
colour formed by the addition of each drop
begins to disappear slowly; this is an indication that most of the chloride has been
precipitated. Continue the addition dropwise
until a faint but distinct
reddish-brown
colour persists after vigorous shaking.
where
cc
volume in ml of standard
silver
nitrate soluticn required for titration
of the sample;
Dvolume in ml of standard potassium
thiocyanate
solution
required
for
back-t itration;
N, = normality
of standard silver nitrate
solution;
N, = normality of standard potassium thiocyanate solution; and
V E= volume in ml of original sample in
aliquot used.
Met abisulphit e
( Na2S,05 ) 5 percent
General
( mfv ).
AA.2 Procedure
AS.1
A-5.1.1
( W ).
Dissolve
in water
solution
Solut ion -
10 percent
Hy droxide
Solut ion -
0.4 per-
Procedure
Calculation
Total
chlorine
( as Cl ), percent by volume
Chloride
1 The small
amount of potassium
thiocyanate
solution serves as an indicator
to show when an
excess of standard
silver nitrate
solution has been
added. The back titration is continued from the same
burette and the total volume of potassium thiocyanate solution
used is noted and used in the calculation.
A-4.3
Barium
NOTES
Reagents
A-5.3 Calculation
= ( CN, -
DN, ) x 3.546
V
4
IS 11673 : 1992
A-6.2.2 Apparat us
where
hy drogen
peroxide
0.1 N.
solut ion -solut ion -
0.1 N.
v, x N x 31
A-6.2.2.1
A-6.2.3
pH met er
Procedure
II
VI xvNx
4o
where
v, = volume in ml of standard hydrochloric
acid;
N = normality of hydrochloric
acid; and
V = volume in ml of original sample solution in aliquot used.
A-6.3 Sodium Bicarbonate
If no free sodium hydroxide is found, sodium
bicarbonate may be present and can be determined as follows.
A-6.3.1 Place in a 250-m] conical flask a volume
of O-1 N sodium hydroxide solution equal to the
volume of O-1 N hydrochloric acid required for
the determination of total alkalinity.
Into this
solution, add by pipette the same volume of
sample solution as used for the determination
of total alkalinity. In a 250-ml beaker, place 50
ml of barium chloride solution, 30 ml of hydrogen peroxide, and 10 drops of phenolphthalem
indicator solution, neutralize with 0.1 N sodium
hydroxide solution. Add this neutralized solution to the prepared sample solution and shake
vigorously for 1 min. Titrate the excess sodium
hydroxide with 0.1 N hydrochloric
acid to the
disappearance -of the pink colour.
A-6.3.2 Calculat ion
where
ric acid;
normality of hydrochloric
volume in ml of original
tion in aliquot used.
acid; and
sample solu-
chloride
solulion -
where
VI = volume in ml of sodium hydroxide
solution;
N 1 = normality of sodium hydroxide solution;
V a= volume in ml of hydrochloric
acid;
N I=
normality of hydIochloric acid; and
v=
volume in ml of original sample solution in aliquot used.
IS El673 : 1992
A-7.3.2 For Grade 2
calcu-
Free sodium carbonate ( as Na&O ), g/l [ Total alkalinity - 0.775 ( sodium ~hydroxide ) ] x l-709
A-8.0 General
Sodium chlorate is reduced with sodium bromide in 8 N hydrochloric acid. After dilution
and addition of potassium iodide, the released
iodine ( equivalent to the hypochlorate
plus
chlorate ) is titrated
with standard
sodium
thiosulphate solution and starch indicator.
A-7 IRON
A-7.1 Apparatus
A-7.1.1 Nessler Cy linders -
50-ml capacity.
A-7.2 Reagents
A-g.1 Apparatus
Hy drochloric
Acid -
See
10 percent
10 percent
0.05 N.
A-7.3 Procedure
A-g.3 Procedure
A-8.2.5
St arch
Indicat or
Solut ion -
0.5 percent
( mlv ).
pure grade
( see
IS 11673 : 1992
liberated iodine against 0.05 N sodium thiosulphate solution using a few drops of starch indicdtor solution.
where
y
2-
Run a blank
A-g.4 Calculation
N=
Sodium chlorate
( as NaClOs ), g/l s ( a -I
I$
175
1=
sodium
volume in ml of original
tion in aliquot used.
F IG. 1 AP P ARATU S
F OR D ETERMIN ATION
OF S OD IU MCHLORATE
thiosulphate
sample solu-
[S 11673 : 1992
ANNE X B
( Cla u se 7 )
SAMPLING
OF SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE
B-1 GENERAL
REQUIREMENTS
B-1.1 Samples
shall
SOLUTION
y-5
not be taken
TC 10 @
out in an
exposed place.
B-1.2 The sampling
and dry.
instrument
shall b: cle,an
LOOTO 800
FIG.
in millimetres
2 SAMPLING
TUBE
B-3.1 Lot
(N)
up to 15
*o be Selected
(n)
16 to 50
51 ,, loo
101 ,, 300
301 and above
No. of Containers
5
6
IS 11673 : 1992
B-3.2.1 These containers shall
random from the lot. In order
randomness of selection, random
cedure as given in 1S 4905 :
followed.
B-4 PREPARATION
be selected at
to ensure the
sampling pro1968 shall be
OF SAMPLE
B-4.1 Draw with an appropriate sampling instrument ( see B-2 ) equal portion of material
from each container selected in B-3.2 and mix
thgm thoroughly together to constitute a single
composite sample. Divide this composite sample
into three parts. each sufficient for carrying out
the intended tests and transfer them to thoro-
of India n
Copyright
BIS has the copyright of all its publications. No part of these publications may be reproduced in any form
without the prior permission in writing of BIS. This does not preclude the free use, in the course of
implementing the standard, of necessary details, such as symbols and sizes, type or grade designations.
Enquiries relating to copyright be addressed to the Director (Publications), BIS.
Review of Indian Standards
Amendments are issued to standards as the need arises on the basis of comments. Standards are also
reviewed periodically; a standard along with amendments is reaffirmed when such review indicates that
no changes are needed; if the review indicates that changes are needed, it is taken up for revision. Users
of Indian Standards should ascertain that they are in possession of the latest amendments or edition by
referring to the latest issue of BIS Handbook andstandards Monthly Additions.
This Indian Standard has been developed from Dot : No CHD 02 ( 0094 )
Date of Issue
Text Affected
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AME NDME NT
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IS 1 1 6 7 3 : 1 9 9 2 SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE
S OLUTION - S PE CIFICATION
( First Revision )
[ Page 2, TabZe1, SI No. (v), cof 2 ] ( Page 6, clause A-8, fine 4 ) -
(CHD02)
Reprography
AME NDME NT
IS
[ Pnge.1,
f) Available
~0 1
21 ] -
Substitute
1.0for to.
Substitute
Sodium chlorate,
percent by
Sodium chlorate.
Substitute
0.05for
0.3for
traces.
Traces.
(CHD2)
.Reprography
AMENDMENT
NORMATIVE REFERENCES
The Indian Standards listed below contain provisions which through reference in
this text, constitute provisions of this Indian Standard. At the time of publication,
the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and
parties to agreements based on this Indian Standard are encouraged to investigate
the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the Indian Standards:
IS No.
Title
264:1976
265:1993
1070:1992
Decolourize with
A-8.3 Procedure
P@ette an aliquot of the sample (same amount as used for available chlorine
determination ( see A-3.2.2 ) into the reaction vessel. Assemble the apparatus
and put 25 ml of potassium iodide solution in the gas trap. Close the funnel
stopcock. Pour 20 ml of sodium bromide soiution into the fumlel. Open the
stopcock, and with gentle suction cm the mouthpiece, draw the sodium bromide
solution into the sample. Close the stopcock and pour 100 ml of hydrochloric
acid into the funnel. Open $e stopcock and allow the acid to drain into the
sample. Draw in the last drops with the suction. Close the stopcock. Swirl the
vessel to mix the acid, and let stand exactly for 5 minutes (use time clock).
There will be a tendency for a vacuum to form and draw potassium iodide
solution from the trap back into the sample. This must be avoided by filling the
funnel with water and relieving the vacuum by opening the stopcock and adding
a small amount of water.
2
)Nx17.74]
=
v
where
A=
B=
N=
v=
(CHD2)
Reprography Unit, BIS, New Delhi, India
(CHD 1)
Reprography Unit, BIS, New Delhi, India