HISTOLOGY of CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

dr. Rahmawati Minhajat. Ph.D., SpPD

HISTOLOGY DEPARTMENT
MEDICAL FACULTY HASANUDDIN UNIVERSITY
MAKASSAR INDONESIA

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

Heart
Vessels

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
HEART
Endocardium
Myocardium
Epicardium

VESSELS
Arteries
Vein

Cardiac wall

HEART

LARGE ARTERIES

LARGE VEINS

MEDIUM ARTERIES

MEDIUM VEINS

SMALL ARTERIES

SMALL VEINS CAPILLER

HEART (COR)

MACROSCOPIC (4 parts) :
Right atria
Left atria
Right ventricle
Left ventricle

MICROSCOPIC (3 layers) :
Endocardium
Myocardium
Epicardium

ENDOCARDIUM
Endocardium is thick in atria and it is
thin in ventricle
In atria :
Endothelial layer
Subendothelial layer
Elasticmuscular layer
Subendocardial layer

ATRIAL AND VENTRICULAR

ENDOCARDIUM

ENDOCARDIUM

Purkinje fibers

extending from AV node

It can be found beneath the endocardium lining the interventricular
septum

bundles of impulse-conducting fibers

It can be distinguished from

Regular cardiocytes by their
-Location
- Larger size
- Lighter cytoplasmic staining

ENDOCARDIUM

Include another parts :

Atrioventricular valve
Papillaris muscles
Chorda tendinae

MYOCARDIUM
The thickest part of cardiac wall
Atria thin, vebtricle thick
LV >> RV
Intercalated disks found in myocardium

(glanz streinfen) :

Fasciae adherentes
Gap junctions

EPICARDIUM

External cover of heart :

- Fibroelastics connective tissue
(collagenous fibers + elastics fibers)
Mesothel

Epicard pericardium
pericard cavum
- visceral pericard
- parietal pericard

EPICARDIUM CONSIST OF :
1.
2.
3.
4.

VESSELS >>
NERVES
LYMPH VESSELS
FAT TISSUE

SKELET OF HEART
Annulus fibrosus
Right fibrous trigonum
Left fibrous trigonum
Membranous interventriculare septum

VALVES OF HEART
1.
2.
3.

TRICUSPID VALVE
BICUSPID (MITRAL) VALVE
SEMILUNARE VALVE

REISZLEISTUNS SYSTEM
(CONDUCTIVE SYSTEM OF THE HEART)

Sino-atrial node

(Keith-Flack)

Bundel tawara
(interatriorum)
Bundle of HIS
Purkinje fibers

SIN KF SIN AV HIS Purkinje fibers

VASCULER SYSTEM
HEART

LARGE ARTERIES

LARGE VEINS

MEDIUM ARTERIES

MEDIUM VEINS

SMALL ARTERIES

SMALL VEINS CAPILLER

VESSELS
VEINS

ARTERIES

LARGE A.

LARGE V.
MEDIUM V.

MEDIUM A.

SMALL A.

PRECAPILLER

CAPILLER

SMALL V.

CAPILLER

CAPILLER (exchange vessels): thin tubes formed

by a single layer of highly permeable endothelal cells surrounded by a
basal lamina
MICROSKOPIC :

The smallest vessel

4,5-12, generally 6-7
<< RBC, but RBC can pass
into capiller because elastics
WBC can pass too because
can be diapedesiss

The wall,composed of :
An endothelial layer
Lamina basalis (collagenous
fibers + reticular tissue)

3 TYPES OF CAPILLARIES (endothel

structure) :

1.

Countinous capiller
Fenestrated capiller
Discontinous / sinusoid capiller

2.
3.

Countinous capiller

Fenestrated capiller

SMALL ARTERIES = ARTERIOLE

Generally composed of smooth muscle
More proximal than capiller
< 0,5 mm
The lumen are generally narrow
Between arterioles and capiller
PRECAPILLARY
MICROSCOPIC :

TUNICA INTIMA
TUNICA MEDIA
TUNICA ADVENTITIA

TUNICA INTIMA :
Endothelium
Sub endothelium

Internal elastic
membrane

TUNICA

MEDIA :

Smooth muscle cells

TUNICA

ADVENTITIA :
Elastic, collagenous and
fibrous fibers

MEDIUM ARTERIES = MUSCULAR TYPE

MACROSCOPIS : in T.media composed of a lot smooth muscle cells

reddish muscular type

MICROSCOPIS :

T. INTIMA
Endothel cells
Sub endothel
Internal elastics lamina

T. MEDIA
Thick smooth muscle
Thin elastics fibers
External elastics lamina

T. ADVENTISIA
Collagenous fibers
Elastics fibers
Fibrocyte cells
Vasa vasorum

LARGE ARTERIES = ELASTICS TYPE

Located : closed to the heart

MICROSCOPIS :

T. INTIMA
A layer of endothel cells
Subendothel
No internal elastic lamina
T. MEDIA
A lot elastics fibers fenestrated membrane by OsO4 brown
No external elastics lamina
Smooth muscle layer
between fenestrated membrane with smooth musle cells there are
areas that composed of kondroitin sulfat
T. ADVENTITIA
Thin layer
Composed of vasa vasorum, nerve cells n adipose cells

 The

changes of large elastics arteries into

muscular arteries transition area
muscular arteries, such as :

A. carotis eksterna
A. axillaris
A. iliaca communis

Suddenly

changes of large elastics

areteries into muscular types hybrid
type arteries contain 2 layer in t.media,ie:

elastics fibers (inside)

elastics lamina (outside)

VEINS
Vessels

which are blood flow up to the

heart
If vessels more close to heart, wall >>>
and thicker
Layer of veinss wall different from arteries
Vasa vasorum in vein >> artery
MICROSCOPIC :

TUNICA INTIMA
TUNICA MEDIA
TUNICA ADVENTITIA

The wall between these 3

layes are unclear, smooth
musle cells and elastics
connective tissue are less

SMALL VEINS
Microscopic

T. Intima
T. Media

: endothel cells
: Circular bundles of smooth
muscles
T. Adventitia : Fibroblast cells, collagenous
fibers, elastics fibers

MEDIUM VEINS

Microscopic

T. Intima :
Endothel cells (polygonal)
The elastics fibers are thin

T. Media :
Circular bundles of smooth
muscles
Collagenous fibers
<< fibroblast cells

T. Adventitia :

Thicker than t. media

Fibroblast cells
Collagenous fibers
Elastics fibers

 Microscopic

LARGE VEINS

T. Intima :
Same with medium vessels
In subendoth layer,
connectice tissues are thicker

T. Media :
<< smooth muscles,
sometimes (-)

T. Adventitia :
Thicker than t.intima and t.
media
Fibroblast cells
Collagenous fibers
Elastics fibers
Smooth muscles

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ARTERIES & VEINS

THE WALL
ELASTIC L.
LUMEN
T.MEDIA
RBC
LYMPH CAP.
VALVULA
O2
BRANCH

VEINS
Not clear
(-)
>>
Thin
(+)
(+)
(+)

Same
collaps

ARTERIES
Clear
(-)/(+)
<<
Thicker
(-)
(-)
(-)

Smaller
Collaps

VALVULA VENA

Exist in inferior extremity veins

Open into blood flow
The vessels are thin
Sinus are exist
No exist in thorax and abdomen
Endothel are exist at both surfaces of layer,
there are connective tissue in the middle
To regulate blood flow reflux not happen
If valvula tears vein wiil be wider
varices ulcus varicosum

ARTERIOVENOUS
ANASTOMOSES
Direct

connection between arteriole and

venule GLOMUS
Mainly in fingerpads, ears ,hands and
foots
The function of glomus :

Regulate blood flow

Regulate temperature and the conservation of
heat in particular areas

Glomus body