Fatigue Analysis and Condition

Assessment of FPSO Structures

Dr.-Ing. Edzard Brnner

2007-10-25

Content
Fatigue assessment of ship structures
Spectral analysis
Assessment and repair of a FSO

TSCF Shipbuilders Meeting 2007, Busan

2007-10-25

No. 2

Loads for Ship Structures

IACS Rec. 34 defines Wave
Spectrum for North Atlantic
area
Applicable to designs of ship
structures in general

Spectra for individual areas

Applicable to designs of floating
structures operating at a fixed
location

TSCF Shipbuilders Meeting 2007, Busan

2007-10-25

No. 3

Wave Spectrum IACS Rec. 34

8000.0
7000.0
6000.0
7000.0-8000.0

No. of
Occurrences per
100000

5000.0

6000.0-7000.0
5000.0-6000.0

4000.0

4000.0-5000.0
3000.0-4000.0

3000.0

2000.0-3000.0
1000.0-2000.0

2000.0

0.0-1000.0

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2007-10-25

12.5

9.5

6.5

3.5

0.5

17.5

15.5

13.5

9.5

11.5

Tz [s]

7.5

5.5

3.5

1.5

0.0

15.5

1000.0

Hs [m]

No. 4

Fatigue Assessment
For standard stress spectra

Ds p = f n Ds RC

fn :
factor considering stress
spectrum and number of
cycles and slope of SN-curve
for calculation of permissible
stress range

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2007-10-25

No. 5

Detail Categories for Nominal Stress

Approach

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2007-10-25

No. 6

Characteristics of Loads for Moored

Units
Loading condition well defined
With regard to proportion of ballast and full load condition

Wave climate shows less variation

Wave height
Wave length

Angle of encounter
Constant, at least limited variation
In case of moored ship like structures 180

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2007-10-25

No. 7

Pressure Loads at Detials

Spectral Analysis Method

Integrated Fatigue Analysis
Computation of Cargo- and
Wave-induced Loads
Global FE-Analysis for
Unit Wave Load Cases
Local Stresses for Unit Wave
Loads and Pressure Loads
Computation of Transfer Functions
and Long-Term Stress Spectrum
Evaluation of Fatigue Life

No

Fatigue Life satisfactory?

Change of Local
Geometry or Generation of
Fine Mesh Model

Yes

End

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2007-10-25

No. 8

Spectral Analysis Method

Load Cases
l = 25 m L 1000 m
a = 180
j = 0 , 90
wA = 1 m

60 Loadcases
Unit wave height

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2007-10-25

No. 9

(30)
( 2)
(1)

From Seastate to Loads to structural

Response
From 60 Loadcases Transfer Functions derived for:
Hull girder bending moments
Local loads on shell plating derived from relative wave
elevations
Motions and accelerations for the specific seastate

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2007-10-25

No. 10

Examples for Transfer Functions

RAO of vertical wave bending moment
amidship
strip theory
3D Diffraction
3D Diffraction
3D Diffraction
parametric equations

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0.2

0.4

0.6

2007-10-25

0.8

No. 11

1.2

Examples for Transfer Functions

RAO of relative wave elevation amidship

strip theory
3D Diffraction
3D Diffraction
3D Diffraction
parametric equations
0

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0.2

0.4

0.6

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0.8

No. 12

1.2

Comparison Measurement vs.

Calculation Bending Moment
Vertical wave bending moment Fr. 66,5
Vertical wave bending moment Fr. 88,5

50000

measured
calculated
20000
measured
calculated

17500
30000

15000
VW BM [t*m /m ]

VW BM [t*m /m ]

40000

20000

10000

10000
7500
5000

0
0.00

12500

0.25

0.50

0.75

2500 1.25
1.00

1.50

1.75

2.00

Frequency [rad/s]
0
0.00

0.25

0.50

0.75

1.00

1.25

Frequency [rad/s]

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2007-10-25

No. 13

1.50

1.75

2.00

Comparison Measurement vs.

Calculation Pressure
Fr. 81,5 Pressures L25
Fr. 81,5 Pressures L29

0.18
0.16

0.12

0.12

0.10

0.10

Pressu re [b ar/m ]

Pressu re [b ar/m ]

0.14

0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
0.00
0.00

0.25

Measured PS
Measured SB
Calculated

0.08
0.06
0.04

0.02
0.50
0.75
1.00
1.25
0.00 Frequency [rad/s]
0.00

0.25

0.50

1.50

1.75

2.00

0.75

1.00

1.25

1.50

Frequency [rad/s]

TSCF Shipbuilders Meeting 2007, Busan

Measured PS
Measured SB
Calculated

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No. 14

1.75

2.00

Global FE-Model
Unit wave load cases
Distribution of hull girder bending moment
Distribution of local loads
Distribution of inertial forces
Coarse mesh
additional Calculations to derive local stresses
Fine mesh
allows direct computation of stresses

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2007-10-25

No. 15

Global FE-Model

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2007-10-25

No. 16

Pressure-Distribution on FE-Model
Head wave amplitude = 5.0 m

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2007-10-25

No. 17

Submesh for Typical Detail

used fur structural

stress approach

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2007-10-25

No. 18

Global Model - Fine Mesh

Calculation of
local nominal
stresses

Fatigue analysis
acc. IIW concept
of detail
categories

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2007-10-25

No. 19

Detail Categories for Longitudinal

Intersection at Bulkhead or Web

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2007-10-25

No. 20

Transfer Function, Strain in Main Deck

80

FE
Measurement

70

Micro Strain [-/m]

60

50

RAO
Strain at
deck

40

30

20

10

0
0

0.2

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0.6

0.8

2007-10-25

1.2

No. 21

1.4

1.6

Spectral Analysis
Part of North Atlantic

Definition of an

100

100-120
80-100
60-80
40-60

80

No. of Occurrences
60
per 1000
40

20-40
0-20

Tz [s]

9-10 12-13

12-13

6-7

6-7

<4

3-4

9-10

20

0-1

individual wave
spectrum for the
intended
operational area

120

Hs [m]

Indonesia

120
100

100-120
80-100
60-80
40-60
20-40
0-20

No of
Occurrences per
1000

80
60
40
20
0
<4

Tz [s]

TSCF Shipbuilders Meeting 2007, Busan

2007-10-25

6-7

9-10

No. 22

12-130-1

3-4

129- 13
6-7 10

Hs [m]

Effect of Spectral Analysis

Response spectrum may
differ significantly
IACS
Individual operational area

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2007-10-25

No. 23

Evaluation of Fatigue life

Creating individual Stress
spectrum for detail in
question

Cumulative damage sum acc.

PalmgrenMiner with SNcurve for individual detail

If D>1, design engineer has

to reconsider the design

D = (ni N i )
i =1

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2007-10-25

No. 24

Fatigue Utilisation of Longitudinals

After determining
the permissible
stress for each
detail, usage
factors can be
derived

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2007-10-25

No. 25

Influential Effects on Fatigue of

Longitudinals

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2007-10-25

No. 26

Effect of different Draughts

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2007-10-25

No. 27

Condition Assessment and Repair of

an existing FSO

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No. 28

Main Particulars
Length:

275,9 m

Breadth:

44,2 m

Depth:

22,4 m

Draught:

17,15 m

Displacement:

176500 t

Year of built:

1976

Operational area:

Vietnam Offshore

TSCF Shipbuilders Meeting 2007, Busan

2007-10-25

No. 29

Scope of Work
Initial inspection
several cracks found in longitudinals and damages due to boat
maneouvres

Immediate temporary repairs

further inspection of side shell framing, longit.
bulkhead and bottom
further cracks found

Elaborating repair procedure

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2007-10-25

No. 30

Initial Design with Cracks

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No. 31

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No. 32

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No. 33

Repairs in the Past

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2007-10-25

No. 34

Proposal for Temporary Repair

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2007-10-25

No. 35

Temporary Repair

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2007-10-25

No. 36

Repair Procedure
Structural repairs to be specified
Repair to be done in floated condition
Max. significant wave height during repair: 1 m
Works to be stopped in case of bad weather

Ballasting to reduce the still water bending moment

center tanks for repair of side-shell
side tanks for repair of inner structure

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2007-10-25

No. 37

Latest Proposal for Repair

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2007-10-25

No. 38

Ballast Conditions during Repair

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No. 39

TSCF Shipbuilders Meeting 2007, Busan

2007-10-25

No. 40

Concluding Remarks
Spectral analysis is a tool suitable for structures with
known operational conditions

Method has been verified by means of measurements

Method suitable to determine remaining life time
Applicable for Rule Development

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2007-10-25

No. 41

Thank You for Your Attention!

TSCF Shipbuilders Meeting 2007, Busan

2007-10-25

No. 42