Short Questions for Lecture in Community Nutrition.

Name : Devita Friska Santy

Student Number : 030.09.066

1. Nutrition is important for all stages of life cycle. Please explain why first 1000 days of
life is important?
2. Iron requirement is increase during pregnancy. Please explain how would you advise a
married woman to prepare to meet iron requirement for her pregnancy?
3. What is the best time to introduce the complementary feeding to the infant? Briefly
mention about the energy and nutrient gap.
4. Briefly describe why dietary assesment is important?
5. Briefly explain why inflammation is important for bichemical nutritional assesment?
Answers :
1. The right nutrition during this 1,000 day window can have a profound impact on a
childs ability to grow, learn, and rise out of poverty. It can also shape a societys
long-term health, stability and prosperity. By focusing on improving nutrition for
mothers and children in the 1,000 day window, we can help ensure a child can live a
healthy and productive life. Investing in better nutrition in the 1,000 day window can
also help families, communities and countries break the cycle of poverty or
malnutrition generation to generation. From readiness for pregnant woman (have an
iron bank); during pregancy (eating nutritious food); give an exclusive breastfeeding
from birth until 6 month age then introduce complementary food and also give an
adequate food. So that the first 1000 days of life, a child get a good nutrition.
Evidence shows that the right nutrition during the 1,000 day window can :

Save more than one million lives each year

Significantly reduce the human and economic burden of diseases such as

tuberculosis, malaria and HIV/AIDS

Reduce the risk for developing various non-communicable diseases such as

diabetes, and other chronic conditions later in life

Improve an individuals educational achievement and earning potential

Increase a countrys GDP by at least 2-3 percent annually

2. For the first time, I will briefly describe that pregnancy can cause an anemia. Then Ill
give an advice like : when you get pregnant, your body will produce more blood to
support the baby and it can cause an anemia. For prevent an anemia you must eat
more food which is have a lot of iron, so you have an iron bank. Iron is an important
mineral for pregnant women and their unborn children. Iron is a component of
haemoglobin, a protein found in red blood cells that carries oxygen around the body.
If you don't have enough iron in your blood, cells can become oxygen starved. During
pregnancy, a womans requirement for iron increases. Iron is important to produce
extra red blood cells to cater for the growth of the baby and placenta. This is crucial
during the third trimester where the fetus starts to store iron to use during the first six
months of their life, before they begin to eat solid foods. Iron losses are reduced
during pregnancy, because the woman is no longer menstruating. However, this is not
enough to offset the needs of the developing fetus. It is important for women to eat
iron-rich foods every day, such as meat, chicken, seafood, dried beans and lentils, and
green leafy vegetables. Animal sources of iron are readily absorbed by the body. Iron
from plant sources is not absorbed as easily, but absorption is helped when these foods
are eaten together with foods that contain vitamin C (such as oranges). This is
important for women who follow a vegetarian diet. The recommended daily intake of
iron during pregnancy is 27 mg a day (9 mg a day more than for non-pregnant
women) and iron supplements may be needed by some women.
3. The best time introduce the complementary feeding to the infant is at the age of 6
month. Because at the age of 6 month, breastfeeding can cover all of the energy and
nutrient that the infant need. There is an energy and nutrient gap between breastmilk
to the needs of the infant. For example, an iron in breastmilk only 10% but the infant
required is 100%, so there is a gap can only be met with complementary food.
4. Dietary assesment is a comprehensive evaluation of a persons food intake. It is
important because reviewing a persons dietary data may suggest risk factors for

chronic diseases and help to prevent them and increase our knowledge of the
realtionship between nutrition, health, and chronic disease.
5. Inflammation is important for bichemical nutritional assesment because inflammation

can interfere with the assessment of nutritional status indicators. Many plasma
nutrients are influenced by infection or tissue damage. These effects may be passive
and the result of changes in blood volume and capillary permeability. They may also
be the direct effect of metabolic alterations that depress or increase the concentration
of a nutrient or metabolite in the plasma. Where the nutrient or metabolite is a
nutritional biomarker as in the case of plasma retinol, a depression in retinol
concentrations will result in an overestimate of vitamin A deficiency. In contrast,
where the biomarker is increased due to infection as in the case of plasma ferritin
concentrations, inflammation will result in an underestimate of iron deficiency.
Infection and tissue damage can be recognized by their clinical effects on the body
but, unfortunately, subclinical infection or inflammation can only be recognized by
measuring inflammation biomarkers in the blood. It is therefore important to measure
biomarkers of inflammation as well as of nutrition in prevalence surveys of nutritional
status in apparently healthy people. The most commonly used biomarkers of
inflammation are the cytokines and acute phase proteins. Cytokines have very short
half-lives but the acute phase proteins remain longer in the blood, and their lifespans
can be matched with the changes in plasma retinol and ferritin concentrations.