Electrical Power System Comparison Spreadsheet - IEEE/PCIC

Index of worksheets
Cost
Utility Matrix
Distribution Matrix

Cost of utility and distribution systems

Comparison spreadsheet of seven utility connection designs
Comparison spreadsheet of eight distribution system designs

Limitations of use of this spreadsheet

This spreadsheet is provided to the PCIC subcommittee of the Industry Applications Society
of the IEEE, for use by PCIC members. This spreadsheet may be used, copied, and distributed,
as long as credit is given to the IEEE/PCIC and E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Inc.

Definitions
Factors
Operational Issues
Reliability
Availability for
Maintenance and
Expansion

Criteria to be used
How easy is it to operate the system?
How reliable is the system?
Must any part of the process be shut
down for maintenance work or
construction on the system?

Capability for Recovery

How easily and quickly can the plant

recover from a problem?

Economy/Cost

How economical is the system?

readsheet - IEEE/PCIC

ven utility connection designs

ght distribution system designs

the Industry Applications Society

may be used, copied, and distributed,
nt de Nemours & Co., Inc.

Metric to be used
A relative ranking of complexity of operation.
Quantified reliability from statistical study.
A matrix showing how much of the process must
be shutdown for maintenance work, for each
zone of the system.
A relative ranking of switching flexibility when
recovering from a problem.
Quantified capital estimate for a comparable
system.

Relative Installed Costs, Electrical Distribution Systems

(from Main Transformers through Unit Substations)

Equipment Required
Main Transformer w/ Prot.
Bus Duct - Util to Swgr - 50'
MV Metering Section
MV Main Breaker Section
MV Tie Breaker Section
MV Feeder Breaker Sections
Crossover Bus - 20'
MV Switch Sections
500mcm MV Cable - 750'
Sub Primary Switches
Unit Transformers
Total, K$

Cost, K$,
each
595.0
76.5
31.2
33.8
42.0
34.4
13.2
31.0
41.3
31.2
31.0

Simple
Radial
1
1
1
1
6

6
18
18
$2,310

Dual Supply Dual Supply

Radial - Radial with
Single Bus Tie Breaker
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
6
6

6
18
18
$3,047

6
18
18
$3,089

Dual Supply Double Bus Double Bus

Dual Supply
Primary
- Double
- Double
Loop with Selective with Breaker
Breaker
Tie Breaker Tie Breaker
Radial
Loop
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
6
6
12
12
6
6
12
12
9
12
6
9
18
36
18
18
18
18
18
18
$3,585
$3,898
$3,265
$3,761

Relative Installed Costs, Electrical Utility Systems

(from Utility connection through Main Transformers)

Equipment Required
High Side Bus - Util - 50'
HV Metering Section
HV Breaker Section
Air Break Switches
Main Transformer w/ Prot.
Total, K$

10/4/1999

Cost, K$,
each
40.0
50.0
150.0
45.0
595.0

Single
Source,
Single Source, Dual Source,
Single
Dual
Single
Transformer Transformer
Transformer

1
1
1
1
1
$880

2
1
2
3
2
$1,755

2
2
2
4
1
$1,255

Dual Source,
Dual Source,
Dual
Dual
Transformer with
Transformer
Tie Breaker

2
2
2
2
2
$1,760

3
2
1
6
2
$1,830

Dual Source,
Dual
Transformer
with Three
Breakers

4
2
3
8
2
$2,260

Dual Source,
Dual
Transformer
with Ring Bus

6
2
4
12
2
$2,670

Double Bus
- Double
Breaker
Primary
Selective
2
2
2

12
6
12
36
18
$4,074

Dual Source,
Dual
Transformer
with Ring Bus

Value

Dual Source,
Dual
Transformer
with Three
Breakers

Value

Dual Source,
Dual
Transformer
with Tie
Breaker

Value

Dual Source,
Dual
Transformer

Value

Dual Source,
Single
Transformer

Value

Single Source,
Dual
Transformer

Value

Single Source,
Single
Transformer

Value

Weights %

Utility System Comparison

System Feature

Metric

Operational Issues

Switching and
Lockout
Complexity

20

Simple
(2 switches)

Simple
(5 switches)

Slightly
Complex
(6 switches)

Slightly
Complex
(4 switches)

Slightly
Complex
(9 switches)

Complex
(11 switches)

Complex
(16 switches)

Reliability

Probability of
Failure in a year

30

96.8%

96.8%

30.3%

29.9%

40.4%

41.4%

40.5%

3.980

0.005

0.011

0.060

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

Shutdown All

Shutdown All

No Shutdown
Required

No Shutdown
Required

No Shutdown
Required

No Shutdown
Required

No Shutdown
Required

Shutdown All

Shutdown All

No Shutdown
Required

No Shutdown
Required

No Shutdown
Required *

No Shutdown
Required *

No Shutdown
Required

Shutdown All

No Shutdown
Required

Shutdown All

No Shutdown
Required

No Shutdown
Required

No Shutdown
Required

No Shutdown
Required

None

None

Transfer to
Second Source

Transfer to
Second Source

Transfer to
Second Source

Transfer to
Second Source

Transfer to
Second Source

Recover from
primary
equipment and
bus faults

None

None

None on faults
on common
bus

Transfer to
Second Source

Transfer to
Second Source

Transfer to
Second Source

Transfer to
Second Source

Recover from
transformer
faults

None

Transfer to
second
transformer

None

Transfer to
second
transformer

Transfer to
second
transformer

Transfer to
second
transformer

Transfer to
second
transformer

Recover from
breaker failure
(failure to open)

Shutdown
until repaired

Shutdown
until isolated

Shutdown
until isolated

Shutdown
until isolated

Shutdown
until isolated
(tie breaker
only)

Shutdown
until isolated
(tie breaker
only)

No Shutdown

$880

$1,755

$1,255

$1,760

$1,830

$2,260

$2,670

Mean Time to
Repair

Process that must be Utility Line

Shutdown for
Primary
Maintenance or
Equipment and
Expansion

10

Bus

Main
Transformer

Recovery Capability

Economy/Cost

Isolate from
supply line
faults

Capital
Estimate ($M)

Ranking

20

20

260

* Maintenance on Tie Breaker requires total plant shutdown

October 4, 1999

Dual Source-Dual
Transformer
Dual Source-Dual
Transformer with Tie
Breaker

400
367

Dual Source-Single
Transformer

352

Dual Source-Dual
Transformer with 3
Breakers

327

Dual Source-Dual
Transformer with Ring Bus

320

Single Source-Dual
Transformer
Single Source-Single
Transformer

263
260

263

352

400

367

327

320

20

Simple
Operation

Slightly
Complex

Slightly
Complex

Moderately
Complex

Complex

Complex

Complex

Quite
Complex

Reliability

Probability of
Failure in a year

30

97.0%

35.3%

35.1%

34.9%

33.8%

34.4%

33.9%

33.2%

4.37

3.16

3.19

3.45

0.01

1.28

2.42

0.01

All

No Shutdown
Required

No Shutdown
Required

No Shutdown
Required

No Shutdown
Required

No Shutdown
Required

No Shutdown
Required

No Shutdown
Required

Main Bus

All

All

Half of Plant

Shutdown All
for Tie
Breaker Work

Shutdown All
for Tie
Breaker Work

No Shutdown
Required

No Shutdown
Required

No Shutdown
Required

Distribution
Feeders and
Switch Centers

Connected
Load

Connected
Load

Connected
Load

Connected
Load for
Switch Center
Work

No Shutdown
Required

Connected
Load

Connected
Load for
Switch Center
Work

No Shutdown
Required

None

Transfer to
Second Source

Transfer to
Second Source

Transfer to
Second Source

Transfer to
Second Source

Transfer to
Second Source

Transfer to
Second Source

Transfer to
Second Source

None

None

Half of Plant

Isolate failed
bus

Isolate failed
bus

Transfer to
Second Bus

Transfer to
Second Bus

Transfer to
Second Bus

Isolate failed
feeder

None

Isolate failed
feeder; switch
center fault
shuts down
loads

Isolate failed
feeder

$3,898

$3,265

$3,761

$4,074

Mean Time to
Repair (hrs)

Process that
Utility System
must be
and Main
Shutdown for
Transformer(s)
Maintenance
or Expansion

Recovery
Capability

Isolate from
Utility Faults

10

20

Isolate from
Main Bus Faults

Isolate from
Feeder or Switch
Center Faults

Cost

Capital Estimate
($M)

Ranking

20

Simple Radial

None

None

None

Isolate failed
feeder; switch
center fault
shuts down
loads

$2,310

$3,047

$3,089

$3,585

244

* Maintenance on Tie Breaker requires total plant shutdown

** Tie breaker failure results in total plant outage
11/05/99
Double Bus /
Double Breaker
Radial

309

Dual Supply
Radial with Tie
Breaker

292

Dual Supply
Radial - Single
Bus

288

Dual Supply
Primary Selective
with Tie Breaker

281

Dual Supply Loop

with Tie Breaker

268

Double Bus /
Double Breaker
Primary Selective

260

Simple Radial
Double Bus /
Double Breaker
Loop

244
227

288

292

268

281

309

227

260

Value

Switching and
Lockout
Complexity

Dual Supply
Loop with Tie
Breaker

Value

Value

Operational
Issues

Dual Supply
Radial with
Tie Breaker

Value

Double Bus Double

Breaker
Loop

Dual Supply
Radial - Single
Bus

Value

Metric

Double Bus Double

Breaker Radial

Value

System
Feature

Dual Supply
Primary
Selective with
Tie Breaker

Value

Double Bus Double

Breaker
Primary
Selective

Value

Weights %

Distribution System Comparison