Year 11 Chemistry

Chapter 1 & 2 Assignment: A particle

view of matter
DUE:

NAME: Amy You

Q1.
Which of these proposals corresponds to the ideas put forward by John Dalton
in 1804?
I Matter consists of indivisible particles.
II Atoms of a particular element can vary in their mass.
III The proportion and type of atom is always the same in a particular
compound.
A I only.
B I and II.
C I and III.
D I, II and III.
Q2.
When he first constructed his periodic table, Mendeleev arranged the known
elements:
A in order of their atomic number.
B according to their electron configuration.
C into vertical groups according to their mass number.
D into horizontal periods according to their atomic mass.
Q3.
Ernest Rutherford contributed to knowledge about the structure of the atom by:
A discovering the composition of alpha particles.
B discovering that protons are found in the nucleus of an atom.
C proving the existence of neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.
D proposing that electrons move in circular orbits around the nucleus.
Q4.
A particular atom of potassium has an atomic number of 19 and a mass
number of 39. The number of protons present in the K+ ion is:
A 18
B 19
C 20
D 21
Q5.
The number of protons (p), neutrons (n) and electrons (e) in
A 13p, 14n, 10e
B 13p, 27n, 13e
C 16p, 14n, 13e
D 27p, 13n, 10e

27
3
13 Al

is:

Q6.
The isotopes of an element have the same:
A atomic number and mass number.
B number of protons and neutrons.
C number of protons and electrons.
D number of neutrons and electrons.
Q7.
2
The electron configuration of 32
is:
16 S
2
2
6
2
4
A 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p .
B 1s22s22p63s23p6.
C 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s2.
D 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p2.
Q8.
The electron configuration of an atom in an excited state is:
A 1s22s22p63s23p63d34s2.
B 1s22s22p63s23p63d34s24p2.
C 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s2.
D 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p4.
Q9.
The Pauli exclusion principle states that:
A all atomic orbitals must hold two electrons.
B an atomic orbital must hold a minimum of two electrons.
C a new subshell is started whenever an atomic orbital holds two electrons.
D an atomic orbital may hold a maximum of two electrons.
Q10.
a Give the ground-state electron configuration of calcium, Ca.

Explain, giving an example of the new electron configuration, what happens

to the energy levels of the electrons when the atom in the ground state is
provided with sufficient energy to become:
i an excited atom.

ii a charged ion.

The stable ion of magnesium is Ca2+. What would be the difference in

atomic radius of a Ca atom and a Ca2+ ion?

Q11.
It is approximately 200 years since John Dalton proposed that matter was
composed of indivisible particles called atoms. Most of the evidence for the
existence of subatomic particles was not found until the early part of the 20th
century.
a Ernest Rutherford and his co-workers fired alpha particles at a thin sheet of
gold foil and measured the deflection produced in the path of the alpha
particles. Briefly explain the results of this experiment and the concepts
about atomic structure that came from this.
Rutherford found that about one in 8000 particles were deflected through a
high angle. He concluded that for such a large proportion of the alpha
particles to pass through the gold foil, most of the volume of an atom must
be empty space. He suggested that the small proportion of alpha particles
that bounced back were repelled by the positive matter identified by earlier
physicists. Rutherfords model proposed that most of the mass of an atom
and all of the positive charge must be located in a tiny central region that
he called the nucleus, most of the volume of an atom is empty space
occupied only by electrons, the electrons move in circular orbits around the
nucleus and the force of attraction between the positive nucleus and the
negative electrons is electrostatic.
b

In 1913, Niels Bohr proposed that electrons circled the nucleus in fixed
orbits, but this idea was modified in the 1920s in light of knowledge of
quantum mechanics. Outline the current model of electron behaviour by
using the terms shell, subshell and orbital.