Analysis of WTE thermal source for the DH network of Ferrara trough MATLAB

1. Summary
It is considered as the case study subject the district heating system serving the city of Ferrara; the heat load is satisfied through
a geothermal source, from a WTE plant, methane supplementary boilers and two storage tanks of 1000 m 3 each. For a better
understanding look the P&I of the DH system in attachment.
In order to assess the optimal volume of thermal storage has been created a calculation algorithm, implemented using Excel and
Matlab, able to simulate the performance of the DH system as the type of source used change to satisfy the thermal load
required by the users; the primary out-put measure used to assess this trend is the number of thermal MWh provided by the
integrative methane power plant.
The optimal configuration is the one that allows using fossil fuels as little as possible, thereby reducing the CO2 tonnes.
The percentage of use of different sources of energy change from year to year based on needs, on the state of the systems on
functionality and users requests.
When fully operational, the optimal functioning provides the fulfilment of the thermal load by a priority order(logic thermal
dispatching) that would promote the use of geothermal energy (nominal power of 14 MW) as the least polluting and more
renewable among the three available.
If the demand exceeds the quota of 14 MWh available from geothermal wells, the goal becomes to satisfy the load via the heat
exchanger of the WTE (nominal power of 25 MW).
Only at times when the DH network requires thermal power superior to 39 MWh per hour (sum of geothermal and WTE)
becomes necessary to resort to thermal power stations operated with natural gas.
The analysis of the results obtained through the simulations, carried out using the algorithm, made it possible to verify the
volume of thermal storage tanks at the service of the DH network and has also suggested a new configuration of the WTE plant
able to save an average of 5,800 tons / year of CO2.
Currently the WTE plant produces electricity through a 23 MWe nominal turbine and provides, through steam bleeding, 25 MWt
to a heat exchanger to the service of the DH system. In attached the lay-out of the WTE turbine system.
The new configuration studied provides the exclusion of the turbine during the winter period in which the application of thermal
energy is maximum, thus being able to supply all the energy available from WTE to the district heating network.
Assuming to apply an iso-revenue tariff system, a gain is evident from both an economic and an environmental point of view.
The term iso-revenue means a contract between the operator of the district heating network and the operator of WTE: the first
pay to the second the thermal MWh sold to DH network at a price equivalent to what would have earned selling it as electrical
MWh.
Consequently, the manager of the WTE plant maintains unchanged its revenues regardless of having sold a thermal or electric
MWh; on the other hand, the DH plant manager can use the thermal MWh provided by the combustion of waste instead of
using supplementary methane boilers, saving in economic terms (which would involve a reduction in costs for the end user) and
environmental impact.

2. Analysis of the current scenario

Before proceeding with the various simulations of increase in accumulation tanks or the sources available for the DH network, it
is good to analyse the initial situation.
For the purposes of drafting of this thesis document will report only the results obtained from the simulation of the heating
season 2012-2013 insofar as the most recent and in any case very similar to the previous seasons temperature.
The spreadsheet allows you to start the simulation using as input any thermal load profile, better if this is an hourly
measurement.
In the figure below diagrams of the thermal capacity and the loading and unloading of the storage tank are compared. The
reported situation exemplifying the operation and efficiency of the tank storages (data information about 29/12/2012 recorded
by the remote control system of the DH network of Ferrara).
In this first case we see that the coupling of the reservoir to the DH network is advantageous and saves a considerable amount
of MWht request to CT: is realized in fact a condition of thermal load that allows the accumulation during the night hours until
the saturation of the accumulation and the subsequent unloading during the peak hours, usually the first in the morning.

Alessandro Dottori

For example at 2 a.m. the thermal power required by the network is 25 MWt, consequently the DH plant can
accumulate in the tank the difference between the value of the load and the sum of GEO and WTE, therefore 14
MWt.

The level of the tank, which was at 1 a.m. at a height equivalent thermal MWht of 30.9, reaches the value of 44.9 MWht: means
that, if necessary, the tank could provide that amount of thermal energy unloading the hot water in less than one hour.
The accumulation continues to fill until reaching its maximum value of 68 MWht equivalents to an accumulation of 2000 m 3 of
water at the temperature of 90 C.
During the morning, around 7 a.m., the heat load required by the users increases and we get the peak of daily load: the tank
begins to unload the amount of energy it takes to cover precisely the request, where the GEO and the WTE fail to arrive.
On this day, particularly favourable, we can see how the tank never comes to be completely empty.
In fact, following a logic of efficient management, which assumes to have power ratings of GEO and WTE in every hour of the
day, the requested contribution to the CT during the day of 29/12/2012, it was just 29.5 MWht which corresponds to 3% of the
total load required (968 MWht).
Coupling the tank at this time profile we will be able to meet the load using the 62.3% of WTE source and 34.7% of GEO source,
respectively, 601.5 and 336 MWht.

3. Calculation Algorithm
The spreadsheet implemented using Excel and Matlab has been created in such a way as to obtain a tool capable of simulating
the operation of the district heating as a result of various changes; to achieve results that come close as possible to reality has
been used a hourly calculation basis.
The logic of the simulation is as follows: dispatching priority to the available energy from geothermal sources (which later will be
referred simply as GEO), followed by the one coming from the heat exchanger connected to the turbine of the waste to energy

Alessandro Dottori

plant (as indicated WTE), and finally, for the amount missing to the satisfaction of the load, the energy produced by thermal
power plants (referred to as CT).
The spreadsheet receives as main data input the thermal power required by the heat load, dictated of users connected to the
distribution network.
To assess the contribution of thermal storage, which constitute the thermal inertia of the system, is to be calculated the
available energy to be accumulated by each of the two renewable sources (geothermal and the WTE) and we run a balance
between the amount of thermal energy produced by the three sources and that fed into the network every hour of the day.
The input data that is necessary to provide to the spreadsheet are: the hourly heat energy required from the district heating
network (equivalent to the one introduced by the plant, which will be hereinafter referred to as "pim."), the nominal thermal
power of the sources available to which we want to give priority dispatching, the volume of the storage tanks and the speed of
loading and unloading of the tank itself.
Note the input variables, it is explained below a qualitative description of the procedures performed by the spreadsheet
simulation.
1. The available energy to be accumulated by geothermic is the result of a simple string: if the nominal power usable by
geothermal wells exceeds the quantity demanded by users means that we can accumulate the difference between the
two values; otherwise, the availability of accumulation will be nothing.
2. For the calculation of the energy from WTE available to be stored, you must consider the amount of energy calculated
in step 1. In the case where the heat load does not exceed the sum of the nominal values of GEO and WTE will be
possible to accumulate WTE energy, otherwise the WTE must be used to fully meet the load, not allowing any
accumulation.
3. The energy available for accumulation in the reservoir is the sum of the values calculated in step 1 and 2.
4. For the calculation of the energy that instead we will need to ask to the CT or to the accumulation, if available, it is
necessary to consider the difference between the sum of the nominal values of GEO and WTE and the network load: if
this difference is negative means that the numerical result, in absolute value, is the amount of missing energy to meet
the load. Otherwise there is no need to heat energy accumulated or CT.
5. After we proceed with the calculation of the levels of fluid, and then of the equivalent thermal energy , present in the
storage tanks. Are taken into account only the tanks warm, assumed as a single tank: for purposes of calculating no
matter if they are divided into two or more units. Conceptually, the calculation considers two different cases: the case
in which the sources and GEO WTE can satisfy the load, and the case in which fail to provide the required thermal
power. When the difference between the thermal load and the sum of GEO and WTE is positive it means that it is
possible to accumulate the excess amount; when this difference is negative, it means that this amount is required at
the tank, otherwise to the CT. In both conditions it is necessary to take into account, respectively, the minimum and
maximum storage capacity. You should also consider the maximum capacity of loading and unloading that is the speed
of loading and unloading, variable depending on the type of tank installed. Once you know the level of accumulation is
possible to calculate the exact amount of thermal energy that each source must provide.
6. If the heat power request to the storage tank exceeds the amount available in the same tank, it means that we will have
to provide the missing portion to the satisfaction of the load through the CT; from here we get the thermal power
provided by CT, hour by hour.
7. For the calculation of the energy supplied by the GEO occurs if the thermal energy demand from the network exceed or
not the rated power of the GEO: if so the GEO must provide the nominal energy of 14 MWt, otherwise it will be
possible to accumulate a portion of energy in the tank, always after verifying that the latter is able to accommodate this
quantity.

Alessandro Dottori

8. For the calculation of the power supplied by the heat exchanger WTE is calculated the proportion of thermal power
request to the WTE taking into consideration the upper and lower limits of the thermal storage and the availability of
GEO, which is guaranteed the dispatching priority.
Obtained data of power used for each of the three sources, and known prices of MWht always for each of the sources, it is
possible to derive the total expense of a definite period of time characterized by a specific request for thermal power and tons
of CO2 emitted.
The spreadsheet can also be adapted to different types of systems, provided that you know the input data required.
To simulate possible future scenarios of increase in the heat load required is possible to insert as an input value, the percentage
of which it is expected that the load increases.

Abstract of MATLAB algorithm:

function [EuroCT EuroWTE EuroGeo
SpesaTotale PotCT PotGEO PotWTE] =
LRgraph(LivelloMax,pim,geo,wte,VelocitaAcc
umulo,AnnoTermico)
%% Importa Dati
if AnnoTermico == 3
Dati = xlsread('dati.xlsx','C2:C4393');
PrezzoCT = xlsread('dati.xlsx','D2:D4393');
PrezzoGeo = xlsread('dati.xlsx','E2:E4393');
PrezzoWTE =
xlsread('dati.xlsx','F2:F4393');
end
if AnnoTermico == 2
Dati = xlsread('dati.xlsx','J2:J4417');
PrezzoCT = xlsread('dati.xlsx','K2:K4417');
PrezzoGeo = xlsread('dati.xlsx','L2:L4417');
PrezzoWTE =
xlsread('dati.xlsx','M2:M4417');
end
if AnnoTermico == 1
Dati = xlsread('dati.xlsx','Q2:Q4393');
PrezzoCT = xlsread('dati.xlsx','R2:R4393');
PrezzoGeo = xlsread('dati.xlsx','S2:S4393');
PrezzoWTE =
xlsread('dati.xlsx','T2:T4393');
end
%% Preliminari
Y = Dati.*(1+pim);
Geo = geo*ones(size(Y));
Wte = wte*ones(size(Y));
DispGeo = (Geo-Y>0).*(Geo-Y);
DispWte = (Geo+Wte-YDispGeo>0).*(Geo+Wte-Y-DispGeo);
DispAcc = DispGeo+DispWte;
I = (Geo+Wte-Y<0).*(-(Geo+Wte-Y));

%% Livello accumulo
LivelloAcc = zeros(size(Y));
for row = 1:max(size(LivelloAcc))
if row==1
Precedente = 0;
else
Precedente = LivelloAcc(row-1);
end
if geo+wte-Y(row)>0
if DispAcc(row)>VelocitaAccumulo
if
Precedente+VelocitaAccumulo>LivelloMax
LivelloAcc(row) = LivelloMax;
else
LivelloAcc(row) =
Precedente+VelocitaAccumulo;
end
else
if
Precedente+DispAcc(row)>LivelloMax
LivelloAcc(row) = LivelloMax;
else
LivelloAcc(row) =
Precedente+DispAcc(row);
end
end
else
if I(row)>VelocitaAccumulo
if Precedente-VelocitaAccumulo<0
LivelloAcc(row)=0;
else
LivelloAcc(row)=PrecedenteVelocitaAccumulo;
end
else
if Precedente-I(row)<0
LivelloAcc(row)=0;

else
LivelloAcc(row)=Precedente-I(row);
end
end
end
end
%% Potenza CT
PotCT = zeros(size(Y));
for row = 1:max(size(PotCT));
if row ==1
Precedente = 0;
else
Precedente = LivelloAcc(row-1);
end
PotCT(row) = (Precedente-I(row)<0)*((Precedente-I(row)));
end
%% Potenza Geo
PotGEO = zeros(size(Y));
for row = 1:max(size(PotGEO))
if row==1
Precedente = 0;
else
Precedente = LivelloAcc(row-1);
end
if Y(row)>geo
PotGEO(row) = geo;
else
if Precedente+geo-Y(row)>LivelloMax
PotGEO(row) = LivelloMax Precedente+Y(row);
else
PotGEO(row) = geo;
end
end
end

4. The cost of MWh

To continue the discussion is necessary to understand the motivation that governs the logic of thermal dispatching: is the cost of
MWht, both in economic and environmental terms.
As mentioned above, the thermal source that uses geothermal energy available in the Ferrara area is, from all points of view, the
best source for use.
From the point of view of the environmental impact the geothermal energy is an energy source 100% renewable because,
through the extraction and re-injection into the well, the geothermal fluid has time to return to a suitable temperature for a new

Alessandro Dottori

extraction; also the heat exchange, then the generation of useful energy to the DH network, does not cause emission of
pollutants of any kind.
The only form of indirect pollution resides in the electric energy necessary for the operation of the two pumps that serves the
thermal vector movement, which was acquired by ENEL (national electric society).
Regarding the energy extracted from the steam produced in the generators of the WTE plant the question is more complicated.
In fact, at regulatory level, is recognized a market share of 51% of renewable energy because the WTE plant is using urban waste
combustion (the share becomes 100% if we include the thermal energy comparable to renewable).
Consequently, the thermal energy released by the WTE, in order of priority dispatching, is in second place.
Finally we have the thermal energy produced by power plants fuelled by natural gas.
This thermal resource of integration use a fossil fuel that, in addition to emit 252 kg of CO2 per MWht product, makes the
system dependent on the supply of the same, and bound it to the price fluctuation of natural gas in the international market.
In support of the environmental aspect is also the economic one: the MWt produced by CT costs on average twice of MWt
produced by geothermal energy or WTE.
The dual negative aspect that characterizes the use of the thermal power plants highlights the reason why in the management
logic of the system is trying to use them as little as possible.
To complete the discussion we look in the table below prices of MWht produced by the DH plant divided by source and
expressed in .

2010

2011

2012

2013

mese
ottobre
novembre
dicembre
gennaio
febbraio
marzo
aprile
ottobre
novembre
dicembre
gennaio
febbraio
marzo
aprile
ottobre
novembre
dicembre
gennaio
febbraio
marzo
aprile

GEO
31,06
31,06
31,06
27,64
27,64
27,64
27,64
27,64
27,64
27,64
32,54
32,54
32,54
32,54
32,54
32,54
32,54
33,28
33,28
33,28
33,28

WTE
26,56
26,56
26,56
31,97
31,97
31,97
31,97
31,97
31,97
31,97
32,20
32,20
32,20
32,20
32,20
32,20
32,20
31,74
31,74
31,74
31,74

CT
44,50
44,50
44,50
49,25
49,25
49,25
49,25
49,25
49,25
49,25
61,23
61,23
61,23
61,23
61,23
61,23
61,23
60,00
60,00
60,00
60,00

5. Increase of the WTE source

The waste to energy plant is equipped with two steam generators that produce nominally 34 t / h of steam each, for a total of 64
t / h of gaseous fluid at 45 bar and 415 C.
Is then sent to the turbo-generator that produces in scheme 13 MWe and 30 MWt.
The project proposal, analysed by simulating the plant structure, includes an increase in the share of thermal energy transferred
to the heat exchange with the district heating network to the detriment of power generation through the turbo-generator.
In the table below are shown data relating to the plant simulation considering variable the heating power supplied by WTE
source, the current load (pim. = .0 pim.=.1 mean to suppose the hat load increase of 10% ) and the current volume of
accumulation (Acc.Max. = 68 MWt equivalent to 2000 m3). The column "SAVING for 1 MWt" indicates the economic gain related
to the increase of every single MW of thermal source WTE compared to the previous value.

Alessandro Dottori

WTE Power

TOTAL COSTS

TOTAL

SAVING

ENERGY from CT

ENERY SAVING

[MWt]

production

SAVING

for 1 MWt

[MWht]

From CT [MWht]

25

5.862.028

17.124

26

5.801.280

60.747

60.747

14.991

2.133

437

27

5.745.934

116.094

55.346

13.048

4.076

835

28

5.696.887

165.140

49.047

11.328

5.796

1.188

29

5.650.137

211.891

46.751

9.688

7.436

1.524

30

5.607.632

254.396

42.505

8.197

8.927

1.830

31

5.571.384

290.643

36.248

6.925

10.198

2.091

32

5.540.092

321.936

31.292

5.828

11.296

2.316

33

5.513.063

348.964

27.029

4.881

12.243

2.510

34

5.487.961

374.066

25.102

4.002

13.122

2.690

35

5.465.889

396.139

22.072

3.230

13.894

2.848

36

5.447.012

415.015

18.877

2.569

14.555

2.984

37

5.430.816

431.211

16.196

2.002

15.122

3.100

38

5.416.378

445.650

14.439

1.496

15.628

3.204

39

5.404.603

457.424

11.774

1.084

16.040

3.288

40

5.395.503

466.524

9.100

764

16.359

3.354

41

5.388.163

473.865

7.341

507

16.617

3.406

42

5.382.954

479.074

5.209

324

16.800

3.444

43

5.378.839

483.189

4.115

180

16.944

3.473

44

5.376.084

485.943

2.755

84

17.040

3.493

45

5.374.396

487.631

1.688

25

17.099

3.505

46

5.373.785

488.243

612

17.121

3.510

47

5.373.700

488.328

85

17.124

3.510

48

5.373.700

488.328

17.124

3.510

49

5.373.700

488.328

17.124

3.510

50

5.373.700

488.328

17.124

3.510

RISPARMIO CO2 [t]

pim.=.0 ; Geo=14 ; Acc.Max.=68 ; WTE=25-->50

pim.=.1 ; Geo=14 ; Acc.Max.=68 ; WTE=25-->50

25

6.719.976

28.597

26

6.646.410

73.565

73.565

26.014

2.583

530

27

6.574.914

145.062

71.497

23.503

5.094

1.044

28

6.508.181

211.795

66.732

21.160

7.437

1.525

29

6.445.870

274.106

62.311

18.971

9.626

1.973

30

6.387.206

332.770

58.665

16.912

11.685

2.395

31

6.332.784

387.192

54.421

15.002

13.595

2.787

32

6.282.839

437.137

49.945

13.249

15.348

3.146

33

6.236.493

483.483

46.346

11.624

16.973

3.480

34

6.193.742

526.234

42.751

10.124

18.473

3.787

35

6.154.614

565.362

39.129

8.751

19.846

4.068

36

6.119.606

600.370

35.008

7.523

21.074

4.320

37

6.089.117

630.859

30.489

6.454

22.143

4.539

38

6.061.893

658.083

27.224

5.500

23.097

4.735

39

6.036.851

683.125

25.042

4.623

23.974

4.915

Alessandro Dottori

40

6.013.869

706.107

22.982

3.818

24.779

5.080

41

5.993.797

726.179

20.072

3.115

25.482

5.224

42

5.976.881

743.095

16.916

2.523

26.074

5.345

43

5.961.287

758.689

15.594

1.977

26.620

5.457

44

5.947.889

772.087

13.398

1.508

27.089

5.553

45

5.936.932

783.044

10.957

1.124

27.473

5.632

46

5.928.270

791.706

8.662

820

27.777

5.694

47

5.920.979

798.997

7.291

565

28.032

5.747

48

5.915.737

804.239

5.242

381

28.216

5.784

49

5.911.399

808.577

4.337

228

28.368

5.816

50

5.908.323

811.653

3.076

121

28.476

5.838

pim.=.2 ; Geo=14 ; Acc.Max.=68 ; WTE=25-->50

25

7.610.801

41.221

26

7.528.315

82.487

82.487

38.326

2.895

593

27

7.448.810

161.991

79.505

35.536

5.685

1.165

28

7.372.531

238.270

76.279

32.858

8.363

1.714

29

7.298.024

312.777

74.507

30.242

10.979

2.251

30

7.225.777

385.024

72.247

27.705

13.515

2.771

31

7.156.723

454.078

69.054

25.281

15.940

3.268

32

7.092.600

518.202

64.124

23.029

18.192

3.729

33

7.032.101

578.701

60.499

20.905

20.316

4.165

34

6.975.052

635.750

57.049

18.902

22.319

4.575

35

6.921.076

689.725

53.975

17.007

24.213

4.964

36

6.870.442

740.359

50.634

15.231

25.990

5.328

37

6.824.257

786.544

46.185

13.611

27.610

5.660

38

6.781.480

829.322

42.777

12.110

29.111

5.968

39

6.740.403

870.399

41.077

10.669

30.552

6.263

40

6.702.739

908.062

37.664

9.347

31.874

6.534

41

6.668.699

942.103

34.040

8.153

33.068

6.779

42

6.638.577

972.225

30.122

7.097

34.124

6.995

43

6.611.337

999.464

27.240

6.142

35.079

7.191

44

6.586.078

1.024.723

25.259

5.257

35.964

7.373

45

6.562.400

1.048.401

23.678

4.428

36.793

7.543

46

6.541.327

1.069.474

21.073

3.690

37.531

7.694

47

6.522.907

1.087.894

18.420

3.045

38.176

7.826

48

6.506.989

1.103.812

15.918

2.488

38.733

7.940

49

6.492.319

1.118.483

14.670

1.974

39.247

8.046

50

6.479.649

1.131.152

12.669

1.530

39.691

8.137

pim.=.3 ; Geo=14 ; Acc.Max.=68 ; WTE=25-->50

25

8.533.160

54.946

26

8.440.334

92.826

92.826

51.691

3.256

667

27

8.351.556

181.605

88.779

48.577

6.370

1.306

28

8.266.109

267.051

85.446

45.579

9.367

1.920

29

8.183.169

349.992

82.940

42.668

12.278

2.517

30

8.102.987

430.174

80.182

39.855

15.092

3.094

31

8.025.437

507.723

77.549

37.133

17.813

3.652

Alessandro Dottori

32

7.950.402

582.759

75.036

34.499

20.448

4.192

33

7.877.865

655.295

72.536

31.952

22.995

4.714

34

7.808.346

724.814

69.519

29.511

25.435

5.214

35

7.741.738

791.422

66.608

27.173

27.774

5.694

36

7.679.334

853.827

62.405

24.982

29.965

6.143

37

7.620.377

912.784

58.957

22.911

32.035

6.567

38

7.563.947

969.213

56.429

20.930

34.016

6.973

39

7.510.166

1.022.994

53.781

19.043

35.903

7.360

40

7.460.017

1.073.144

50.150

17.283

37.663

7.721

41

7.413.741

1.119.420

46.276

15.660

39.287

8.054

42

7.370.157

1.163.004

43.584

14.130

40.816

8.367

43

7.328.171

1.204.990

41.986

12.657

42.289

8.669

44

7.288.299

1.244.861

39.871

11.258

43.689

8.956

45

7.251.448

1.281.712

36.851

9.965

44.982

9.221

46

7.217.973

1.315.187

33.475

8.790

46.156

9.462

47

7.188.490

1.344.670

29.483

7.757

47.190

9.674

48

7.161.267

1.371.893

27.223

6.802

48.144

9.870

49

7.135.649

1.397.512

25.618

5.905

49.042

10.054

50

7.111.489

1.421.672

24.160

5.058

49.888

10.227

The energy produced by CT decrease with the increase of the nominal power of the WTE source.
This happens because the thermal source of the heat exchanger of the WTE is decreed to meet the base load as in the case of
geothermal sources: the nominal thermal power gradually grows, and it reduces the number of MWht from CT that can be
avoided, so it reduces the gain in economic terms.
In terms of current volume and load and geothermal rated at 14 MWt for a value of the WTE source of 47 MWt, methane boilers
would remain off during the entire heating season, with a saving of 17.124 MWht equal to 488.328 and 3.510 t of CO2 avoided.

Alessandro Dottori

12 di 14

POTENZA NOMINALE WTE [MWt]

54.946 MWh
17.124 MWh

CARICO + 30%

LOAD +30%

CARICO + 20%

LOAD +20%

CARICO + 10%

LOAD +10%

ACTUAL LOAD

CARICO ATTUALE

1.421.672

GEO=14 MWt

488.328

5.058 MWh

0 MWh

The diagram below shows the trend of economic gains (ordinate) compared to the actual operating condition of the plant at
different DH thermal sources usable by the WTE (abscissa). Each family of curves is related to an increase of the thermal load
required from the network in percent compared to the current load, while each of the four families is composed of three curves
that correspond to an increase of the volume of the heat storages (respectively from the lighter colour to dark: current, +50%,
+100%). Note how the increase of storages volume not brings great benefits: this means that the current size is optimal for the
type of load and thermal sources. Trend very similar to the gain value in , to vary the rated power of the WTE, has the value of
tons of CO2 avoided per year.

GUADAGNO []
Alessandro Dottori

Alessandro Dottori

10

The figure shows the layout of the turbo-generator of WTE: 64 t / h of steam produced at 415 C and 45 bar are sent to the turbine to produce 13 MWe; currently one bleed at 190 C and 5
bar provides 25 MWt to the DH network. Through a by-pass, generally already predisposed to plant level to allow maintenance of the turbine, it is entirely possible to send the 64 t / h to the
DH providing 50 MWt. It then interrupt the production of electrical energy to allow an increase in the thermal power at the service of the district heating network.

64 t/h
415 C
45 bar

13
MWe

5 bar
190 C
Alessandro Dottori

25 MW
50
MWt t

11