1.

Physics - Science that deals with the structure of matter and the
interactions between the fundamental constituents of the observable universe.
2. Classical physics is often described as the study of physics on the
macroscopic level, meaning questions are generally investigated without the aid
of highly technological equipment, such as electron microscopes. The inception
of classical physics dates back to the late 1500s. Mechanics is the oldest
subdivision of classical physics. The field is inspired by the work of Isaac
Newton.
The study of modern physics takes place at the sub-microscopic level. This
division of physics investigates the behavior of very small particles, such as
electrons and atoms. Modern physics developed in the early 1900s when
physicists began to realize that the laws of classical physics did not always hold
true for sub-microscopic particles. Notable advances in modern physics include
Einstein's theories of relativity and Heisenberg's principle of indeterminacy.
Because even the world's most advanced microscopes cannot make submicroscopic particles visible, expensive tools and equipment, such as particle
accelerators, are required to explore the world at this level.
3. Classical
Mechanics - an area of science concerned with the behavior of physical
bodies when subjected to forces or displacements, and the subsequent
effects of the bodies on their environment.
Thermodynamics - branch of physics concerned
with heat and temperature and their relation to energy and work. It
defines macroscopic variables, such as internal energy, entropy,
and pressure, that partly describe a body of matter or radiation. It states
that the behavior of those variables is subject to general constraints that
are common to all materials, not the peculiar properties of particular
materials. These general constraints are expressed in the four laws of
thermodynamics. Thermodynamics describes the bulk behavior of the
body, not the microscopic behaviors of the very large numbers of its
microscopic constituents, such as molecules. Its laws are explained
by statistical mechanics, in terms of the microscopic constituents.
Acoustics - interdisciplinary science that deals with the study of
all mechanical waves in gases, liquids, and solids including topics such
as vibration, sound, ultrasound and infrasound.
Optics - branch of physics which involves the behavior and properties
of light, including its interactions with matter and the construction

of instruments that use or detect it. Optics usually describes the

behavior of visible, ultraviolet, and infrared light. Because light is
an electromagnetic wave, other forms of electromagnetic radiation such
as X-rays, microwaves, and radio waves exhibit similar properties.
Electricity and magnetism - the study of the electric and magnetic
phenomena.
Modern

Low-Temperature physics is a science concerned with the production and

maintenance of temperatures much below normal, down to almost
absolute zero, and with various phenomena that occur only at such
temperatures.

Quantum physics includes various areas of study based on quantum

theory, which deals with matter and electromagnetic radiation, and the
interactions between them.

Solid-state physics, also called condensed-matter physics, examines the

physical properties of solid materials.

Condensed matter physics is a branch of physics that deals with the

physical properties of condensed phases of matter.

Relativistic Physics is the physical theory of space and time developed by

Albert Einstein, based on the postulates that all the laws of physics are
equally valid in all frames of reference moving at a uniform velocity and
that the speed of light from a uniformly moving source is always the
same, regardless of how fast or slow the source or its observer is moving.

Atomic and Nuclear physics is concerned with the structure and

properties of the atomic nucleus, and with nuclear reactions and their
applications.
Plasma physics is concerned with the study of highly ionized gases- that
is, gases that have been separated into positively and negatively charged
particles.

Relativity, a new physical theory that stated that space and time are not
absolute concepts

Quantum mechanics, a probabilistic description of the discrete behavior

of matter and energy at tiny length and energy scales

Gregorio Zara - he discovered the physical Law of Electrical

Kinetic Resistance. It states that "all contacts, turning or
sliding, between metals, or between carbon and metals, or
between metals and mercury, or between conductors, produce a
resistance to the passage of electric current which may be
kinetic and/or permanent electrical resistance. This is observed
at currents of very low amperage. Kinetic electrical resistance is
the resistance to the passage of electric current when contacts are in motion.
Permanent electrical resistance manifests itself when contacts are at rest.

Campos, Paulo: wrote many papers in the field of nuclear

medicine and was instrumental in building the first
radioisotope lab in the Philippines.

Comiso, Josefino: the first person to discover a

recurring area of open water in sea ice in the Cosmonaut
Sea. Comiso was studying global warming at the NASA
Goddard Space Flight Center.

Banatao, Diosdado: introduced or developed accelerator chips

that improved computer performance. He also helped make
the internet possible by contributing to the development of
the Ethernet controller chip, created the local bus concept for
personal computers.

Maramba, Felix: developed a profitable biogas system,

building a power generator fuelled by coconut oil.

Alessandro Volta was an Italian physicist invented the first

chemical battery in 1800.

Alexander Graham Bell - Contributing to the invention and

spread of the telephone
-Founding the Bell Telephone Company

Robert Boyle- Formulating Boyle's law, which states that

the volume of a gas is directly related to the pressure to
which it is subjected
-Helping to found modern chemistry by introducing
experimental methods and the idea that elements are the
basic building blocks of matter

first

Marie Curie - Pioneering the study of radioactivity and

discovering the radioactive elements radium and polonium
Winning the 1903 Nobel Prize in physics with her husband,
Pierre Curie, and Antoine Henri Becquerel
Winning the 1911 Nobel Prize in chemistry, and becoming the
scientist to receive the award in two different scientific
categories

Thomas Edison -Inventing numerous useful devices, including a

practical electric light bulb and the phonograph
Discovered that incandescent materials emit electrons. This
phenomenon is known as the Edison effect or thermionic
emission

Albert Einstein -Proposing the theory of relativity, a

physical theory of gravity, space, and time
-Explaining the photoelectric effect and Brownian motion

Enrico Fermi -Initiating the first controlled nuclear

chain reaction
-The
element fermium, discovered in 1952, was named in
honor of Enrico Fermi.

Benjamin Franklin -Experimenting with electricity

and
developing inventions
-Franklin invented bifocals and the lightning rod, and charted
the course of the Gulf Stream.

Galileo -Proposing that falling bodies would all fall at the same
rate, regardless of mass, if there were no air resistance
-Galileo helped develop the scientific method by using
experimentation to test physical theories. Galileo constructed the
first thermometer.

Stephen William Hawking -Making advances in the

field of cosmology

5.

Acoustics - the study of sound & sound waves

Astronomy - the study of space

Astrophysics - the study of the physical properties of objects in space

Atomic Physics - the study of atoms, specifically the electron properties

of the atom

Biophysics - the study of physics in living systems

Chaos - the study of systems with strong sensitivity to initial conditions,

so a slight change at the beginning quickly become major changes in the
system

Chemical Physics - the study of physics in chemical systems

Computational Physics - the application of numerical methods to solve

physical problems for which a quantitative theory already exists

Cosmology - the study of the universe as a whole, including its origins

and evolution

Cryophysics / Cryogenics / Low Temperature Physics - the study of

physical properties in low temperature situations, far below the freezing point
of water

Crystallography - the study of crystals and crystalline structures

Electromagnetism - the study of electrical and magnetic fields, which

are two aspects of the same phenomenon

Electronics - the study of the flow of electrons, generally in a circuit

Fluid Dynamics / Fluid Mechanics - the study of the physical

properties of "fluids," specifically defined in this case to be liquids and gases

Geophysics - the study of the physical properties of the Earth

High Energy Physics - the study of physics in extremely high energy

systems, generally within particle physics

High Pressure Physics - the study of physics in extremely high pressure

systems, generally related to fluid dynamics

Laser Physics - the study of the physical properties of lasers

Mathematical Physics - applying mathematically rigorous methods to

solving problems within physics

Mechanics - the study of the motion of bodies in a frame of reference

Meteorology / Weather Physics - the physics of the weather

Molecular Physics - the study of physical properties of molecules

Nanotechnology - the science of building circuits and machines from

single molecules and atoms

Nuclear Physics - the study of the physical properties of the atomic

nucleus

Optics / Light Physics - the study of the physical properties of light

Particle Physics - the study of fundamental particles and the forces of

their interaction

Plasma Physics - the study of matter in the plasma phase

Quantum Electrodynamics - the study of how electrons and photons

interact at the quantum mechanical level

Quantum Mechanics / Quantum Physics - the study of science where

the smallest discrete values, or quanta, of matter and energy become relevant

Quantum Optics - the application of quantum physics to light

Quantum Field Theory - the application of quantum physics to fields,

including the fundamental forces of the universe

Quantum Gravity - the application of quantum physics to gravity and

unification of gravity with the other fundamental particle interactions

Relativity - the study of systems displaying the properties of

Einstein's theory of relativity, which generally involves moving at speeds very

close to the speed of light
Statistical Mechanics - the study of large systems by statistically

expanding the knowledge of smaller systems

String Theory / Superstring Theory - the study of the theory that all

fundamental particles are vibrations of one-dimensional strings of energy, in

a higher-dimensional universe
Thermodynamics - the physics of heat

6.

Scalars are quantities that are fully described by a magnitude (or

numerical value) alone.
Vectors are quantities that are fully described by both a magnitude and
a direction.