Sudan Relief And Rehabilitation Agency (SRRA)

Humanitarian and Human rights situation of the internally displaced

persons (IDPs) and war affected civilians in the SPLM/A-N controlled areas of South Kordofan/Nuba Mountains and Blue Nile
states of Sudan

Six monthly report

Fifth issue
July December 2014

!
People moving from SPLM/A-N controlled areas in Blue Nile to the refugee camps in South Sudan

1! of !25

1. Introduction
For more than three years the Sudanese states of South Kordofan and Blue Nile have
been the scene of intense war between the Sudan Armed Forces (SAF) and the Sudan
Peoples Liberation Army-North (SPLA-N). The conflict, which began in June 2011,
has inflicted a heavy toll on civilians living in the two areas. They have had to endure
heavy aerial bombardments, which resulted in mass casualties. Their farming and
food production, their key livelihoods, have been seriously disrupted.
During 2014, the Government of Sudan (GoS) scaled up its military offensives. Between June and November 2014, the two areas saw an upsurge of indiscriminate aerial
bombardments that led to mass casualties and displacements, with many families fleeing from their households and taking refuge in foxholes and caves. Recently, civilian
infrastructures, including farming plots, grain stores, health facilities, schools and water points, have been targeted, further harming this already vulnerable population.
GoS is clearly intent on its citizens, forcing them to flee to neighbouring countries. In
pursuit of this appalling policy the Government continues to deny access to independent international humanitarian organizations and United Nations agencies to the waraffected areas. This applies to areas under SPLM/A-N and GoS control.
Despite the numerous rounds of talks in Ethiopia under the auspices of the African
Union high level implementation level (AUHIP), SPLM/A-N and GoS have not been
able to reach a negotiated settlement on a cessation of hostilities, humanitarian access
or on political and security arrangements. With humanitarian indicators show the deterioration of the situation on the ground, it is a matter of urgency that the upcoming
round of talks between GoS and SPLM-N, planned for January 2015, make an agreement on a cessation of hostilities and humanitarian access a priority. This needs to be
resolved before any other issue is discussed.
The Sudan Relief and Rehabilitation Agency (SRRA) was established in June 2011 as
the humanitarian wing of the SPLM-N. Its mission is to lead all humanitarian interventions in SPLM/A-N controlled areas in Sudan and to address the emerging humanitarian and human rights situation in a timely and effective manner. The objective of
the agency is moreover to inform and sensitize the international community to the
plight of the war affected IDPs and refugees in South Kordofan and Blue Nile states
and to mobilize the material resources needed to support them. The SRRA works to
ensure that the humanitarian access to the two areas is granted by GoS.
This fifth SRRA six monthly report covers the period of July - December 2014. It is
intended to shed light on the conflict in South Kordofan and Blue Nile States and human rights and humanitarian consequences for the IDPs and vulnerable citizens in the
SPLM/A-N held areas. It is based on assessments and observations collected from
refugees and IDPs in the two states. Notwithstanding the obvious difficulties involved
in obtaining information from the conflict zones, the SRRA teams on the ground, in2! of !25

cluding local NGOs trained and deployed throughout the controlled areas, are working hard to bring accurate data and make visible the scale of atrocities and the suffering that civilians are facing. A lot of effort on capacity building is still required to
produce more regular, efficient and professional reports.

2. The security and human rights situation in the Two Areas

a. The Sudan Armed Forces (SAF) and SPLA-N ground attacks
During the period July-December 2014 hostilities and ground attacks escalated in
South Kordofan State (SKS) and Blue Nile State (BNS), especially in eastern, western
and southern Kadugli and Delami in SKS and Baw county in BNS. These offensives
resulted in the displacement of more than 40,906 people from Kadugli and around
10,989 people within the SPLM/A-N controlled Blue Nile, the wide spread destruction of villages, water points and the killing of animals. This surge in violence comes
despite the Governments commitment to the so-called National Dialogue with opposition parties including the armed movements and as it engages with the SPLM/AN for peaceful resolution of the conflict.
The trend of the military hostilities and ground attacks can best be highlighted as follows:
The SPLA-N of Sudanese Revolutionary Front (SRF) forces in Blue Nile state raided two SAF garrisons on 18-21/11/014. Heavy casualties were inflicted on the government forces, both in terms of men and equipment. The raid was in retaliation for
the aerial bombardment of civilians in Chali and Yabus payams. On 18/11/014 the
SPLA-N forces raided Bek reserve forces military camp North-West of the Ingasana hills and managed to destroy one mounted land cruiser vehicle and inflict
many casualties among the forces. On 21/11/014 the SPLA-N forces raided Abugarn area, 30 km from Damazin town, and controlled it for several hours. 4 SAF
were killed and 3 others wounded. On 22/11/014 in Gaglu village, an ambush was
set to the SPLA-N withdrawing forces from Abu-garn. After heavy fight, one
SPLA-N soldier was captured by SAF.
On 1/12/2014, the SPLA-N repulsed SAF forces and militias who launched spontaneous attacks on positions in Lofo in Kadugli county and Elehemer in Buram county in South Kordofan.
On 8/12/2014, the SPLA-N repulsed another SAF forces and militias attack who
attacked two SPLA-N defended locations in South-West Kadugli. The SPLA-N captured 2 mounted land cruiser vehicles, 1 MAN truck, 5 pieces of 12.7 MG and 2
pieces of SPG-9 rocket launcher. During the same period the SPLA-N simultaneously attacked SAF garrisons of Daldako, 12 Km from Kadugli, and El Ruseiries,
17 Km from Kadugli, and captured one T55 Tank and destroyed one, captured
one Zu-23 mounted, one Ural truck and one Jeep.

3! of !25

b. Aerial bombardment
During July-December 2014, SAF conducted 358 air strikes in South Kordofan and
Blue Nile using high altitude Antonov planes, Sokhoi and jet fighters (see Table 1 below).1 Widespread, indiscriminate aerial bombardment conducted by SAF, mainly using Antonovs flying at high altitude, has been a permanent feature of the conflict. At
least 25 civilians are reported to have been killed and 52 injured, mostly women and
children, as a result of these attacks. The bombing also damaged farms and property,
including schools, mosques and churches, as well as killing and injuring livestock.
The indiscriminate nature of the bombing continues to cause fear and trauma amongst
the population, preventing normal daily life such as cultivation or travel to water
sources and health clinics.

!
Aerial bombing of a village in SKS

The relentless bombing of civilian targets in South Kordofan and Blue Nile is wearing
away the capacity of civilians to survive. The bombings put fear into the civilian population and discourages them from tending their fields. The attacks, combined with
the deaths of livestock and destruction of crops on which the population depend,
along with the obstruction of humanitarian assistance, appears to be a deliberate tactic
to force the population to flee.

These records are likely to represent only a small proportion of all bombings, deaths and injuries as
they are not systematic given the difficulties in collecting information in a large active conflict zone.

4! of !25

There have been reports of heavy shelling by the SAF as well. This includes shelling
of predominantly civilian areas, especially during ground attacks around Kadugli and
Kurmuk areas. Preliminary reports have recorded countless shells which have killed
and injured civilians and destroyed houses.

Table 1: Aerial bombardment in South Kordofan July-December 2014

Date

Location

Bombs

Aircraft

Killed

Injured

1/7/2014

Tangal/umdorein county

Antinov

1woman -

12/7/2014

Nyukur/sabat/delami county

10

Antinov

2 women

7/7/2014

Tabala,Frandalla/Buram county

Antinov

17/7/2014

Umheitan/Delami county

Shootin S h o o t i n g g
o f of
militias militias

1/8/2014

Umsirdiba/umdorein county

12

Antinov

7/8/2014

Tangal/umdorein county

Antinov

1woman -

7/8/2014

Frandalla/umdorein county

Antinov

1 man

7/8/2014

Taballa/umdorein county

Antinov

12/8/2014

Abri/Delami county

Antinov

1 man

12/8/2014

Sabat/Delami county

Antinov

12/8/2014

Tunguli/Delami county

Antinov

12/8/2014

Sabat/Delami county

Antinov

17/8/2014

Umheitan/Delami county

shoting

militia

5/9/2014

Tasse/Alabbassya/new tegali

Antinov

1 man

8/9/2014

Alabo/umdorein county

Antinov

5 kids

9/10/2014

Alnugra/umdorein county

Antinov

10/10

Umsirdiba/umdorein county

Antinov/
Jet

10/10

Umsirdiba/umdorein county

3rockets shihab

16/10

Heiban town/heiban county

Antinov

7 people 1 child

21/10

Heiban town/heiban county

Antinov

26/10

Karkaraya/atmour/umdorein C

Antinov

2 persons

6/11

Andona/Dellami county

13

Antinov

1woman 4 persons

10/11

Sabbat/Dellami county

13

Antinov

5! of !25

11/11

Tunguli/Dellami county

16

Antinov

11/11

SarafNiela/heiban county

Antinov

12/11

Nyakma/heiban county

Antinov

1woman 1 woman

12/11

Heiban/heiban county

11

Antinov

1 person

13/11

Kauda/heiban county

Antinov

13/11

Nyakma/Heiban county

Antinov

15/11

Tanasa/Buram county

Antinov

15/11

Kumbur/Heiban county

Antinov

1woman -

15/11

Frandalla/Buram county

antinov

17/11

Tunguli/Dellami county

17

antinov

1 person -

19/11

Sabat/Delami county

Antinov

20/11

Sarafaya/Delami county

10

antinov

23/11

Tabala,alnugra,tangal and towu/ 8

Omdorein county

Antinov

26/11

Tunguli,Deri /Delami county

12

Antinov

28/11

Deri,Sabat/delami county

Antinov

7/12

Kadugli town

shells

SPLM/N 1
shelling
woman

2persons

10/12

Jugba,kamari dilling county

Antinov

11/12

Kalandi/Habila county

shells

S A F shelling

15/12

Farshaya,salara/dilling county

shells

S A F shelling

15/12

Kujuria/dilling county

shootin militia
g

20/12

Kacha/kadugli county

12

A n t i n o v / 1 child
Mig

5
children

24/12

Buram town/buram county

38

Antinov/ Mig

1
7
people

24/12

Angolo/Buram county

Antinov

Total

297

6 people -

1 child 1 person
1woman
23

43

Source: SRRA tracking of aerial bombardment in SKS July-December 2014

6! of !25

Graph 1: Aerial bombing trends in Southern Kordofan, July-December 2014

140

105

Series 1
Column2
Column1

70

35

0
July

August

september

october

November December

!
A village in SKS destroyed by the bombing

Table 2: Aerial bombardment in Blue Nile July-December 2014

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Date

Location

Bombs Aircraft

Killed

Injured

20/9/2014 Ora/kurmuk county

Antinov

21/9/2014 Bei/kurmuk county

Antinov

25/9/2014 Abengaro/Kurmuk county

Antinov

25/9/2014 Ora/kurmuk county

Antinov

25/9/2014 Chali/kurmuk county

Antinov

25/9/2014 Mofu/kurmuk county

Antinov

25/9/2014 Mayak/kurmuk county

Antinov

25/9/2014 Samari/kurmuk county

Antinov

25/9/2014 Tunfona/kurmuk county

Antinov

4 men

19/10

Yabus/kurmuk county

Antinov

10/11

Chali alfil/bei /kurmuk county

Antinov

10/11

Samari/kurmuk county

Antinov

10/11

Ora/kurmuk county

Antinov

11/11

Yabus kobri/kurmuk county

Antinov

12/11

Khor to mbak/kurmuk county -

Antinov

12/11

Yabus gaba/kurmuk county

Antinov

1
woman

1 woman

12/11

Aljundi/kurmuk county

Antinov

12/11

Pinamayo/kurmuk county

Antinov

12/11

Mayak/kurmuk county

Antinov

12/11

Mofu/kurmuk county

Antinov

21/11

Yabus kobri/kurmuk county

Antinov

21/11

Ora/kurmuk county

Antinov

21/11

Chali alfil/kurmuk county

Antinov

21/11

Mofu/kurmuk county

Antinov

23/11

Yabus/kurmuk county

Antinov

1 child

3 persons

23/11

Ora/kurmuk county

Antinov

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23/11

Mayak/kurmuk county

Antinov

23/11

Muffo/kurmuk county

Antinov

17/12

ChaliAlfil/Kurmuk county

Antinov

17/12

Samari/Kurmuk county

Antinov

17/12

Balila/Kurmuk county

Antinov

1 woman

17/12

mofu/Kurmuk county

Antinov

17/12

mayak/Kurmuk county

Antinov

total

79

Source:SRRA tracking of aerial bombing in blue Nile July -December 2014

Graph 2: Aerial bombing trends in Blue Nile, July-December 2014

60

45

Series 1
Column2
Column1

30

15

0
July

August

September October

November December

c. Human rights violations

Continuos violations of fundamental rights and liberties in Sudan are committed by
the Government forces. These atrocities take place despite the obligations of the GOS
to respect the humanitarian and international laws that it has signed and the treaty
obligations that it has incurred.
Aware of these grave human rights violations, and pursuant to its 456th meeting held
on 12th September 2014, the African Union Peace and Security Council (AUPSC)

9! of !25

recommended, among other resolutions, the immediate commitment of the Sudanese

stakeholders to the establishment of a conducive environment for the holding of the
national dialogue. The Council encouraged the Government to expedite its efforts towards implementing the agreed confidence building measures including:
(1) The release of all political detainees and prisoners.
(2) The adoption and implementation of all necessary steps to ensure political freedoms and full guarantee of the freedom of expression and publication including by
enacting the necessary legislation to give effect to these freedoms.
(3) Ensuring that the judiciary will be the only institution to adjudicate matters relating to the exercise of the freedom of expression and publication with no resort to
extraordinary measures.
The GOS has paid scant regard to this appeal. In the wake of the 3rd December 2014
Sudan Call, signed by Sudan Revolutionary Front (SRF), Umma Party, the National
Consensus Forces (NCF) and the Sudanese civil society initiative, the State security
forces arrested Faroug Abu Eisa, head of NCF, Dr. Amin Mekki Madani, chairman of
the Sudanese Civil Society Initiative, and Farah Agar, a technical expert for SPLM-N
in the negotiations, upon their return to Khartoum. They join hundreds of other political prisoners who remain under detention. Sadiq al Mahdi, head of Umma party, remains in exile in Egypt.
The ongoing human rights violations include assaults on the freedom of the press and
freedom of association, torture, unlawful arrest and detention of government policy
opponents. More than 119 of political dissidents from SKS are still detained without
trial in different parts of Sudan under the supervision of the National Intelligence and
Security Service (NISS). Some political detainees are held in harsh conditions in detention facilities run by NISS or the Military Intelligence. Some of these detainees are
held for prolonged periods without judicial purview and in violations of existing Sudanese laws, which set a specific period of time during which the security forces can
detain people.
The Special Criminal Court in Sinja, Sennar state in March 2014 issued death sentences against 17 members of the SPLM-N in absentia, including its Chairperson Mr.
Malik Agar and Secretary General Mr. Yasir Arman. Forty-six other co-defendants
were sentenced to life imprisonment while 31 defendants were acquitted. These people were convicted for their political beliefs. They were accused of launching a war
against the state and committing terrorist activities. The court proceedings were believed to be flawed and did not meet the minimum standards for fair trial.

! of !25
10

3. Humanitarian situation for the population

a. Fresh displacements and trapped civilians
Two rounds of talks between the belligerent parties in November and December 2014
failed to make any significant progress on granting humanitarian access in the Two
Areas, despite high expectations that this would be achieved. The positions of the two
Parties were divergent and they were therefore unable to bridge their differences.
In the meantime the humanitarian situation has deteriorated. Intensive aerial bombardments and ground attacks have culminated in wide spread internal displacement
of the population. As of 15 January 2015, there are nearly 1,396,761 people in the
conflict-affected areas of SKS and 98,003 in BNS. In SKS, an estimated 466,630
civilians have been forced from their homes. They are now living with other host villages and a total of 528,323 are vulnerable people. In Blue Nile, an estimated 79,550
are internally displaced and 88,781 are vulnerable persons.

!
Internally displaced children in search of protection in the caves of Nuba Mountains, 2014

GoS offensives during April 2014 displaced people in Rashad, Abbasya and Delami
counties, for a total of over 116,000 new IDPS towards the end of 2014. The IDPs to
date face desperate situations in terms of food, medical supplies, water and shelter.

Early April 2014 SAF troops ground attacked Suq-aljabel village of Abassiaya
county displacing nearly 8,000 people.

The heavy fighting in Troje, Dabakaya and Angolo in Buram county between SAF
and SRF displaced 175 households to Dar and Tabanya.
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11

SAF offensive in Rashad county during April 2014 targeted mostly civilian villages. The total people displaced was estimated to be over 70,000 people from the
villagesof Tomi, Tangaltu, Al-Mansur, Kaluba, Kalloro, Tarawa, Tindimin, Tajilbo
and Zalataya. In total 52 villages have been burned living people without shelter
and food. 37 boreholes and wells have also been damaged in 13 villages, 4 in Alfrasha, 3 in Aldeen, 2 in Ardeiba, 4 in Aburish, 4, in Alnansour, 3 in Toma, 2 in
Tarawa, 3 in Tendimin, 4 in Zalataya, 3,in Almanzalla, 3 in Tagilbo and 2 in Almzlagan.

During April 2014, SAF assaulted Abri in Delami county and displaced around
20,000 people from the villages of Dere, Temo and Merdese.

The new military confrontations between SAF/ RSF and SPLA-N in Um-Dorein
and Buram counties and around Kadugli in late December 2014 added significant
numbers of new IDPs, like 5,400 people (900 HHs) from Daldoko, East of
Kadugli, 840 people from Unshuran in Buram County, and more than 600 people
from Miri payam in Kadugli West.
Table 3: Population and IDPS in SPLM/A-N controlled ares in South Kordofan
S/
N

County/
Locality

Payam/
Admin/ Unit

Sub total

Heiban

Alazreg

37,397

Heiban

33,964

Kauda

57,659

Umdrudu

54,112

Dabi

31,513

Warni

07,500

Longan

02,713

Angarto

03,465

Umdogi

03,093

Almandal

50,562

Alfarshaya

50,446

Sallara

61,360

Julud

85,632

Alshua

4,3055

Alarak

29,337

Tima/Tulushi

41,198

3-

4-

Tolodi

Dilling

Lagawa

Total
population

Vulnerable
peoples

Internally
Displaced
persons

214645

90722

68285

3614

9656

248000

114332

70821

113590

64370

30129

16771

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12

5-

6-

7-

8-

9-

10

11

Abassiaya/
newTagali

Alsonot

Rashad

Abujubeiha

Buram

Eastern
Rural

Umndorian

Morieb

29,613

Toralmajaj

33,721

Catoria

28,431

Alsonot

07,463

Aldabakar

04,381

Tome

09,433

Tere

07,816

Tajilibo

05751

Fungur

09,631

Kaw

41311

Nyaro

12,673

Shadtamam

08500

Katcha

11400

Farrandalla

21600

Shat safia

08500

Alrieka

19500

Alburam

34500

Toroje

37,000

Angolo

09186

Fama

07,000

Doldoko

18,892

Kush

01274

Abusafifa

01148

Tangal

57,200

Umndulu

34,200

Umandorian

25,500

Saref Jamous

43,900

Kaya

91765

17099

23720

11852

6567

3890

23000

2644

17825

36615

4635

13979

157186

43220

38249

21314

10000

11314

24,200

185000

78110

56821

7541

2523

3272

12

Kiliek

East& South
Keilak

007,541

13

Dallami

Dallami

12,048

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13

14

15

16

Habbila

AlGoz

Kaduguli

Tunguli

22,040

Abre

17,690

Umheidan

14,040

Sabbat

23,151

Hajarjuad

29,760

Kurkul

14940

Algoz south

34,403

Algoz West

28,699

Kurungo

25,130

Mirre

17,677

Kadugli

13,786

Kaika

14,118

Total

88969

18250

42158

48700

14045

18204

61102

32112

17401

70711

26080

40906

1396761

528323

466630

Source:SRRA assessment of population in SKS SPLM/A-N held areas

In Blue Nile, an estimated population of 98,000 people remains inside the SPLM/A-N
controlled areas and nearly 79,550 are internally displaced, as per the table below.
Table 5: Internally displaced population in Blue Nile
S/N
1-

2-

3-

County/
Locality
Kurmuk

Baw

Tadamon

Payam/
AdminUnit

Subtotal

Kurmuk

4,234

Wadaga

16,723

Tanfona

9,719

Chali

9,309

Yabus

29,100

Baw

5,027

Room

3,654

Mountains

15,000

Gozsamina 2,381

Total
population

IDPs

Vulnerable
population

69,085

51,469

60,000

23,681

23,400

23,400

2,381

2,381

2,381

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14

4-

Others

Qeissan,
Eastern
Rosaires

2,856

Total

2,856

2,300

3,000

98,003

79,550

88,781

Source: SRRA assessment of population in Blue Nile SPLM/N held Areas

In Blue Nile massive movements were seen within the SPLM/A-N controlled areas
and from refugees camps in Maban, South Sudan. This was due to shortages of food
and the tense security situation among the host community, as well as threats of
SPLM-IO attacks from Bout SAF garrison in north Blue Nile. Some refugees moved
to SPLM/A-N controlled areas to look for gold and earn money in the areas of Yabus
Balla and Abengaro.
Table 4: IDPs to SPLM/A-N controlled areas of Blue Nile on July-December 2014
Came from

Moved to

Reason

Total number

Yabus Balla

Abengaro in Yabus
Gabah Boma

Hiding in the bush

for fear of aerial
bombardments

362

Oss

Abengaro in Yabus
Gabah Boma

60

Moguf

Abengaro in Yabus
Gabah Boma

345

Sonda

Abengaro in Yabus
Gabah Boma

336

Mayak

Abengaro in Yabus
Gabah Boma

372

Belatoma

Abengaro in Yabus
Gabah Boma

173

Mayak

In the bush

1250

Mofu

In the bush

73

Ora/Amerorayo

In the bush

94

Yabus Bala

In the bush

99

Yabus Kobori

In the bush

18

Doro

Abengaro

786

Tongo

Abengaro

388

Yabus Gabah

In the bush

371

Doro

Chali/wadaka

Returnees to villages 3812

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15

Sammari

Khor Bashum

1200

Mayak

In the bush

1250

Total

10989

Source: SRRA Blue Nile

b. Humanitarian situation in Southern Kordofan

The intensified aerial bombardments during December 2014 had a distinctly negative
impact on the essential agricultural activities in the harvesting season and on food security as a whole. Despite this years relatively good harvest, thousands of IDPs in
Delami, Rashad, Elabasaya and Umdorein counties were food insecure. The majority
of health facilities had limited medical supplies and trained medical personnel, the
education environment is poor, educational materials are scarce. The majority of voluntary teachers are not trained, most of the boreholes need repair. The priority needs
are food, medical supplies and education.
In the western side of South Kordofan/Nuba Mountains, including Lagawa, Dilling,
Alsonut and Habila counties, the situation remains fairly stable, with no reported displacement and no frequently reported aerial bombing or ground attacks affecting
civilians. Almost all residents in the western counties of South Kordofan suffer from
limited access to medicine which is available only from cross border markets. There is
a lack of functional health clinics, the widespread breakdown of water points, a lack
of access to spare parts, high local food prices resulting from cross line trade, limited
seed availability, and lack of animal health inputs to treat livestock diseases. Prices for
basic food commodities have reportedly increased quite sharply during July-September 2014 due to limited movements of traders to peace markets as a result of
heavy rains.

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16

!
Displacement of population in the Nuba Mountains

Health

Access to health services is generally poor in the SPLM/A-N held areas of South Kordofan/Nuba Mountains, despite the efforts of local organizations to deliver medical
services. There is a clear shortage of medical supplies, equipment, and health personnel. The referral system is limited to three rural hospitals in Heiban and Buram counties. There have been limited vaccination for children under 5 years since 2011 as a
result communicable diseases have been wide spread such as measles and yellow
fever. There was serious escalation of measles in Heiban and Um Dorein counties that
had been reported in October and November 2014. The severe shortage of essential
drugs, medicines and vaccines for children and pregnant women remains a serious
concern. The western part of the Nuba Mountains is cut off from health services.
Table 6: Statistics of health facilities and personnel in SKS
Health facilities

Medical personnel

Counties

Rural

P H C PHCU Tota D r M N u r Lab Mid C H Tota

s
l
s
As se
l
hospit Cs
Tec w i v W
als
h
es

1- Heiban

37

45

23

55

112

207

2- Buram

17

23

26

63

105

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17

3- Delami

10

13

20

42

72

4- Dilling

18

25

26

52

97

5- Lagawa

12

11

23

47

6New,tegal -

18

29

7- Rashad

13

19

8- Western Kadugli

16

20

24

42

75

9- Habiela

19

10Umdorein

22

25

32

66

112

11- TAlodi -

14

12Abugeb
eaha

16

Total

39

140

182

38

75

28

213

455

812

Source: SPLM-N state Secretariat of health

Water and Sanitation

Generally water sources in South Kordofan/Nuba Mountains are limited surface water
and some boreholes. There is high need for both human and animal water in the dry
season.In Um Dorein county, 76 out of 128 boreholes were reported as not functioning due to lack of spare parts, breakdowns and a failure to carry out repairs. In Habila,
Lagawa and Alsonut counties the relative number of functioning water yards and
working hand pumps is slightly better, but demand for repairs of water yards remains
high. Across South Kordofan, civilians continue to rely on water holes and stagnant
rain surface water to meet their drinking and cooking needs. There is a need for repairs of the few available boreholes across the whole of the Nuba Mountains.
Education
Despite the fact that some community run schools are operating throughout SPLM/AN held areas, there is severe shortage of scholastic materials, trained teachers and
poor school environment. The lack of proper education is one of the major crises of
the current conflict in the Two Areas. Presently there are over 179 primary schools in
the Nuba Mountains some of them are already at primary eight, and more than 900
pupils to date have sat for the certificates of primary education. One secondary school
operates in Yida refugee camp with a total intake of 250 pupils. An education work! of !25
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shop was organized in SKS on 8 November to discuss education challenges and the
way foreword. It was agreed that education is a top priority for the population.

!
A community run school under a rock for fear of aerial bombardment in the Nuba Mountains

Table 7: School enrollement and teachers in the Nuba Mountains.

S/
NO

COUNTIE No.of BOY

S
schools S

GIRL TOTA Teachers Teachers Total

S
L
Male
Female Teachers

1-

Heiban

72

7307

7625

14932 335

108

443

2-

Omdorein

23

3828

2923

06751 157

015

175

3-

Delami

10

1935

1687

03622 042

009

051

4-

Buram

09

0448

0296

00744 023

001

024

5-

Dilling

43

4581

2859

07440 222

011

233

6-

Lagawa

08

1027

0998

02025 049

003

052

7-

Rashad

07

0749

0926

01675 016

024

040

8-

Abassya

07

0838

0981

01819 014

022

036

9-

West
kadugli

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10-

Habila
Total

0179

20713 18295 39008 858

193

1051

Source: SPLM-N State Secretariat of education

c. Humanitarian situation in Blue Nile

The household food security, medical supplies and support to education remains the
biggest challenge facing resident and IDP households all across the SPLM-N controlled areas in Blue Nile. The significant challenge is the extreme shortage of food
and seeds for cultivation. People live on roots collected from the forests. The situation
is particularly critical in the areas of Baw and in Wadaka and Chali, also a as a result
of widespread insecurity and aerial bombardment and immediate action should be
taken to protect the civilians.
Health
There is some rudimentary health services with limited availability of medicines by
local organizations,Ten primary health clinics in Kurmuk County (3 in Wadaka, 1 in
Chali Alfil and 6 in Yabus payams) that are operated at the local level were reported to
have minimal or no essential medicines, an especially frustrating situation for people
who walk up to 8 hours to obtain diagnosis and treatment. There is a strong reliance
on traditional healers and traditional herbs and medicines. Higher incidents of malaria, watery diarrhoea, pain and coughing were prevalent.

Water sources
The scarcity and the poor quality of water in SPLM/A-N controlled Blue Nile is also
a major cause of water born illnesses and deaths. Water sources are largely surface
water with some boreholes that are functioning in Yabus and Chali Alfil payams and
villages of Mayak and Mofu. A lot of boreholes need repairin Tunfona and Goz for
both human and animal clean water. In Tamfona, women have to walk up to 4 hours
to fetch water.
Education
The level of education in BNS is particularly low, and it protracts from the second
civil war, with a considerable amount of the population that has never been to school,
especially women. As the conflict started in BNS, all schools closed. Since 2013 there
are five community volunteer run schools in Yabus payam, supported by 16 volunteer
teachers for around 900 pupils. However the schools lack of trained teachers, school
materials and good school environment. The local government is aiming at opening

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five new community run primary schools in other villages. The new schools will require trained teachers, school materials, plastic sheeting and school feeding.

4. Expanding refugee crisis

a. Yida and Ajoung Thok refugees from south Kordofan in Unity state
The daily aerial bombardments and ground attacks in South kordofan/Nuba Mountains and Blue Nile in the last six months have expedited ex-flux of the populations
especially IDPs to neighbouring South Sudan and Ethiopia. Figures of refugees continue to increase on daily basis as of mid January.
The population of refugees in Yida and Ajuong Thok is presently 86,570 in two
camps; 71,982 refugees with ration cards plus over 3,000 refugees without ration
cards in Yida camp, and 14,0588 in Ajoung Thok all with ration cards, according to
the UNHCR reports. The refugees are still coming and going back to Nuba Mountains, during the distribution times. There is regular distribution of food and medical
services by UNHCR, WFP, Unicef, MSFs, IRC, SP and other organizations. Children
under 5 years were also vaccinated.
However there are no education services in Yida camp nearly 30,000 children have no
access to education, the four primary schools are run voluntarily by the refugee community and one secondary school is also run by an NGO, in Ajoung thok Unicef supports schooling in the camp.
Insecurity created by the conflict in South Sudan has interrupted land access to
refugee camps. To date security is normal but fears of attacks by SPLM-IO among the
refugees is tangible.
Over 3,000 IDPs from Kao Nyaro and Werni have assembled in Kodok in Upper Nile
but have no formal assistance as they have not been recognized by UNHCR. They
receive random assistance by local church, ICRC, World vision, MSFs and SP.
b. Refugees from Blue Nile in Maban county-Upper Nile state
An estimated 172,828 have moved from Blue Nile due to ground attacks and aerial
bombardments to South Sudan and Ethiopia nearly 131,091 have crossed to South
Sudan and have taken refuge in Maban county of Upper Nile state (50,038 in Doro,
40,148 in Yusif Batil, 21,860 in Kaya and 17,923 in Gendarassa). 41,737 more are in
Ethiopia camped in Tango, Bambasi, Sherkoleand Ashura. This is according to the
latest records of UNHCR and the refugee community administrations.
The conflict in South Sudan has aggravated the situation of Blue Nile refugees in Maban county, but now food distribution has improved. Regular return of refugees was
observed due to shortage of food in the camps as well as the tension between the

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refugees and the host community and the circulated rumours of attacks by SPLM-IO.
Insecurity in Upper Nile has also limited road access to refugee camps.
Over twenty primary schools operate with limited materials and trained teachers.
The living conditions of the refugees in Ethiopia are dire and more investigation
should be conducted.

5. The political negotiations between GOS and SPLM-N

The resumption of AUHIP facilitated peace negotiations in Addis Ababa during 12-18
November 2014 provided some early and small indications of a positive movement
towards a cessation of hostilities and possible progress for improved humanitarian
access. However as the talks progressed, it became evident that the Parties remained
as far apart as ever on a political agreement to end the conflict. Both rounds of talks
that have taken place between the belligerent parties in November 2014 failed to
make any significant progress on negotiations of humanitarian access in the Two Areas. Despite the AUPSC resolution of 12th September 2014 of the 456th meeting that
encouraged negotiations on cessation of hostilities, immediately leading to a comprehensive security arrangements agreement.
While GOS insisted on a comprehensive ceasefire as a package of complete security
arrangements the SPLM-N, on the other hand, proposed a cessation of hostilities in
order to address the humanitarian situation in the Two Areas and Darfur as well as
creating a more favorable environment for concluding negotiated agreements on the
political and security issues.
The talks between the Government of Sudan and the SPLM-N resumed again, as expected, on 5th December and continued for three days. The negotiations adjourned
without any progress towards an agreement. The AUHIP ended the round of talks between the GoS and SPLM-N indicating that the panel will consult bilaterally and invite the parties for another round of negotiations, expected to be early in January
2015.
The Darfur peace track also started in Addis Ababa on 23rd November 2014, providing an opportunity for one peace process with two tracks facilitated by the AUHIP
aimed at ending war in the whole of Sudan. The Darfur talks adjourned on 27 November without agreement on the agenda.
Despite the disappointing negotiations three events took place during the latest talks
that have contributed positively to the peace process namely:1. The African Union High Level Implementation Panel (AUHP) for Sudan and
South Sudan, chaired by the former President of South Africa, Thabo Mbeki, completed a visit to Sudan, which began 17th August 2014. The visit falls within its
mandate, which requires the Panel to assist in the democratic transformation of
Sudan. The Panel was in Sudan to continue its consultations with Sudanese stake! of !25
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holders on the National Dialogue announced by President Bashir on 27th January

2014 to discuss various issues of concern to the Sudanese people. This visit was a
follow-up of the Panel's initial visit on this issue in May 2014. During its visit, the
Panel held consultations with the Government. The Panel also met with the Seven
+ Seven National Dialogue committee, which provided it with a Roadmap for the
dialogue. The AUHIP also carried out discussions with a broad spectrum of political parties and civil society groups, including prominent Sudanese, women, press,
religious leaders and youth. This exercise enabled the Panel to receive numerous
views on the national dialogue process. The Panel said that it is encouraged by the
unanimous view amongst all the players on the urgent need for an inclusive and
genuine national dialogue, as the only way of addressing the serious challenges
facing the country. The AUHIP will urgently consider the views it has received
during the visit in order to respond to all of the Sudanese stakeholders. The Panel
did not visit the Two Areas.
2. In August 2014 the Paris declaration was signed between Umma party and SRF.
The declaration addressed, in full transparency and constructive criticism, the past
experiences in Sudan and affirmed the desire of the Sudanese people for a bright
future which will not be attained without the unity of the democratic alternative
forces and the mobilization of forces of change in order to stop the war, provide
security for the Sudanese citizens, specially the internally displaced and refugees
in order to return to their original home, comprehensive democratic change and the
establishment of the state based on citizens equality. Moreover, the meeting discussed how to end the suffering and improve the deteriorated living condition of
Sudanese people. It also encouraged campaigns to reveal the magnitude of corruptions in Sudan and to consider how to return stolen capital and assets to the Sudan
treasury. At the conclusion of the meetings, the parties agreed on how to end the
current war, public freedoms and democratic transformation, unity of the forces of
change the conflict in south Sudan and the relations with neighbouring countries
and the international community.
3. The AUPSC at its 456th meeting held on 12th September 2014 adopted the following decision on the progress report of AUHIP for Sudan.

The council recalls its earlier pronouncements on the need for a holistic approach
to the challenges facing Sudan and fully supports the coordinated effort to address
national issues as well as the situations in the two areas and in Darfur within a
common framework. Welcomes the speech made by president Omer Hassan al Bashir of Sudan on 27th January 2014 outlining the framework for national dialogue based on the following agenda, peace and national unity, economy, basic
rights and freedoms, national identity, constitutional review and governance. Welcomes the determination of all the components of the people of Sudan to move
forward to achieve a comprehensive, fair and lasting settlement to the armed conflicts and other political problems that afflict their nation.
It notes with satisfaction the adoption of the Paris declaration and the road map of
the 7+7 committee on 8th and 9th August 2014 and readiness of all parties the registered parties, SPLM/A-N. JEM, SLM-Minawi, SLM Abdel-Wahid to participate
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in a common process as expressed in the Addis Ababa agreement of 5th September

2014 on the principles of national dialogue its objectives and the key steps necessary for the creation of the enabling environment .
Endorses in light of the above, the following steps to ensure harmonized and focused action by AUHIP in support of the efforts of the Sudanese stakeholders to
address the issues confronting their country: the negotiations on cessation of hostilities for the two areas and for Darfur
should be conducted in a synchronized manner.
A meeting of the Sudanese parties to discuss relevant process isssues, in order
to pave the way for the national dialogue should be held at the AU headquarters under the facilitation of AUHIP as requested by the Sudanese stakeholders to ensure that the necessary confidence building are taken, the key steps of
the national dialogue process are fully agreed upon and that the process is fair
and will result in the mutually agreed objectives.
Welcomes the commitment of the Sudanese stakeholders immediately to establish a conducive environment for the holding of the national dialogue and
encourages the government to expedite its efforts towards implementing the
agreed confidence building measures including: The release of all political detainees and prisoners.
The adoption and implementation of all necessary steps to ensure political
freedoms and full guarantee of the freedom of expression and publication including by enacting the necessary legislation to give effect to these freedoms.
Ensuring that the judiciary will be the only institution to adjudicate matters
relating to the exercise of the freedom of expression and publication with no
resort to extraordinary measures.
Providing the necessary guarantees for the armed groups freely to participate
in the national dialogue, once the comprehensive ceasefire and security
arrangements agreements have been concluded and facilitating humanitarian
assistance to all populations in war affected areas.
Urges all Sudanese stakeholders participating in the national dialogue to refrain from hate speech and from conducting negative media campaigns
against each other.

4. The Sudan call in December 2014 was hailed by some as an unprecedented political declaration. Three prominent political signatories to the call however were arrested upon their return to Khartoum from Addis observing the negotiation process on the
two areas and Darfur.

6. Appeal to the international community

The human rights and humanitarian crisis in South Kordofan/ Nuba Mountains, Blue
Nile and Darfur requires immediate attention and an immediate response. There is a
clear national and international legal obligation to act. The SRRA appeals to the UN
Security Council, the UN Secretary General, the Chairman of IGAD, the chair of the
AUHIP, the African Union and the international community at large to:
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1. Ensure that the humanitarian situation in Nuba Mountains/Sothern Kordofan and

Blue Nile is given priority in any upcoming direct talks between the GoS and the
SPLM-N.
2. Declare the situation in the two areas as a humanitarian emergency requiring an
urgent response from all actors.
3. Require the Government of Sudan to lift restrictions on the delivery of food and
other humanitarian items and to permit UN agencies and independent international
organizations immediate, free and unhindered access to the needy civilians in the
SPLM/N controlled and GOS controlled areas of Nuba Mountains/South Kordofan
and Blue Nile States and Darfur to stave off mass starvation.
4. Press the Government of Sudan to agree to a cessation of hostilities - with regional
and international monitoring mechanism - to allow the delivery of humanitarian
assistance and polio vaccination to the populations and children in the war zones.
5. Deploy an appropriate international and/or regional mechanism that can take care
of the humanitarian situation of Sudaneses refugees in the Republic of South Sudan without hindering the safety and confidence of the needy refugees.
6. Urge both parties to protect civilians under their respective control and provide
safe corridors for the passage of civilians and humanitarian goods.
7. Consider the most effective means, including airdrops, to access civilians trapped
by ground attacks and lack of roads.
8. Demand that the SAF immediately halts its indiscriminate aerial bombardments
and air strikes against civilian targets in South Kordofan/ Nuba Mountains and
Blue Nile states and Darfur.
9. Urge that relevant national and international authorities conduct independent investigations into allegations of summary executions and detentions and torture on
the basis of ethnic and political affiliations in South Kordofan/ Nuba Mountains
and Blue Nile states and Darfur.
10.Release of all political prisoners and assure the continued safety of those in the
opposition. hundreds of other youth activists and opposition political leaders are
under near constant state security surveillance and face frequent arrest and detention, among others Faroug abu Eisa of National consensus forces (NCF), Dr Amin
mekki Madani of the civil society initiative and Farah Agar who were arrested in
the wake of signing the December 2014 call for Sudan declaration and remain in
Government custody. Credible national dialogue can only occur once these opposition figures are released.

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