By Gaurav Grover

XII B

2
Certificate
This is to certify that Gaurav Grover of
Class XII-B has completed this project
under my guidance and supervision.

Dr. Veena Munjal

Chemistry Teacher
Tyagi Public School

3
Acknowled
gements
I feel immense pleasure in
presenting this project
Report. I am grateful to my
Chemistry Teacher, Dr.Veena
Munjal who inspired me and
helped me in presenting
this project report. Her
guidance and support
proved to be of immense
aide for the completion of
this project.

I would also like to express

my gratitude towards the
lab-assistant without whose
assistance the experiments
would not have been
successfully completed.
Lastly, I would like to thank
my parents for their
patience and support that
has helped me a lot.
A huge Thank You to all of
you.

Aim:

To compare the rate of

evaporation of different liquids.

Apparatus :
1). Pipette
2). Test Tubes (3)

3) . Petri dishes (3)

4). Watch Glasses
5). Graduated cylinder

List of Contents
1.
2.
3.
4.

Introduction.
Materials Required.
Theory.
Procedure.

5. Observations.
6. Results

Introduction:
It is a matter of common experience that a liquid
placed in an open vessel disappears gradually. It
is because all liquids on heating changes into
vapor and this process of change of liquid into
vapor is termed as evaporation.
We know that the molecules of a liquid are held
closely by attraction and their attractive forces
are constant in motion. However at any given

instant not all the molecules have some kinetic

energy ranging to very low to very high value. As
a result of this the highly energetic friction of the
molecules at the surface could overcome the
intermolecular attractive forces and escape from
the surface.
Evaporation is accompanied by cooling. This is
due to the escape of more energetic molecules
as vapor resulting in decrease of average kinetic
energy of the remaining molecules.

Materials Required:
1. Water.
2. Petrol.
3. Methyl alcohol.

Theory
The three liquids used for this experiment are:
Petrol, Methyl Alcohol and Water. A few words
about them are given below:PETROL
It is produced from petroleum. Petroleum is a
dark viscous oily liquid which occurs at various
depths below the surface of earth. It is also
called rock oil and is often associated with large
neutral gases which are removed, then the

10

remaining liquid is called crude oil. Petroleum in

modern civilization is also known as liquid gold.
The refining of the crude oil is done in refineries.
Thus, it is possible to separate the crude oil into
a number of useful products. Petrol is produced
at 343-393 K from petroleum. Its approx
composition is C7-C9. It has making petrol gas
for dry-cleaning. It is called gasoline.

METHYL ALCOHOLThe hydroxy derivative of methane is termed as

methyl alcohol. As there is only one hydroxy
group present in the formula of methyl alcohol
i.e. CH3OH, so it is monohydric alcohol. These
days methanol is prepared in a synthetic method
by passing the mixture of CO & H2O over a
heated catalyst (Cr2O3OH) at 723 K. It has a
pleasant smell but a burning taste and is lighter
than water. Its boiling point is very low.
WATEROut of all chemical substances around us, water

11

is the most important. It covers nearly 3/4th of

earths surface. It is very essential for the growth
of human body, which consists of 75% of water. It
is clear, transparent liquid without any smell,
color and taste. It freezes at 227K & boils at
373K. Water is regarded as a universal solvent
because most of the inorganic solutions are
soluble in it. Chemically, water is quite stable and
is neutral towards the litmus.

Procedure :
1). Take three pipettes. After cleaning and
drying them, measure 10 ml of distilled
water with one pipette and pour it into
petril. Similarly with pipettes, take 10 ml of
petrol and methanol.
2). Place all the three petri dishes with
liquids into the fume cup-board and start
the stop watch.
3). After exactly 45 minutes carry out the
liquids and measure the graduated cylinder.
4). Find the volume of V1-V2; where V1 is

12

the volume of liquid taken and V2 is the

volume of liquid remained after 45 minutes.

OBSERVATION Table:
S.no

Names of the
liquids

V1

V2

Time

Change

Initial Volume

Final Volume

(Minutes)

Volume
(V)

Petrol

10

7.5

45

2.5

Methanol

10

45

Water

10

45

13
Results:
The rate of evaporation of the
three liquids taken i.e. petrol,
methyl, water is in the following
order :
1). Petrol.
2). Methyl Alcohol.
3). Water.

14

THANK
YOU