ICE 550: Robotics and

Automation
Class1: Fundamentals of Robot
Dr. S. Meenatchisundaram
Email: meenasundar@gmail.com

S.Meenatchisundaram, MIT, Manipal,

Jan May 2015

Stages of modern science:

First Stage
Second Stage
Third Stage
Fourth Stage

Invention of Tools
Invention of steam and IC engines
NC (Numerically Controlled) Machines
Development of Concepts of Robots

Differs from conventional automation:

- Ability to perform its own
- Substitute of human beings

S.Meenatchisundaram, MIT, Manipal,

Jan May 2015

Important areas of robotics:

Prosthesis
artificial replacements for
parts of human body

Exoskeletons devices and means for
amplification of available power

Telecherics concerned with remote
manipulation

Locomotive designed to walk on legs

S.Meenatchisundaram, MIT, Manipal,

Jan May 2015

Definition and Advantages:

Robotics is the science of designing and building robots suitable for
real life applications in automated manufacturing and other nonmanufacturing environments.
Robotics is the art, knowledge base and know how of designing,
applying and using robots in the human endeavors.
- Interdisciplinary subject that benefits from mechanical engineering,
electrical and electronic engineering, computer science and several
other disciplines.

Advantages:
- reliability
- increased flexibility
- low cost in the long run

S.Meenatchisundaram, MIT, Manipal,

Jan May 2015

Laws of Robotics:
Sir Issac Asimov Laws:
Zeroth Law: A robot must not injure humanity or
through inaction, allow humanity to come to harm.
First Law: A robot must not harm a human being or,
through inaction, allow one to come to harm.
Second Law: A robot must always obey human
beings unless it is in conflict with a higher order law.
Third Law: A robot must protect itself from harm
unless that is in conflict with a higher order law.
S.Meenatchisundaram, MIT, Manipal,
Jan May 2015

Robot:
-

The origin of word robot is in the Czech word robota

meaning either a slave or a mechanical item that would help its
master.
The word robot always refers to an automated multifunctional
manipulator that works by energy, to performs a variety of
tasks.
A robot is any mechanical device operated automatically to
perform in a seemingly human way. By this definition, a garage
door opener, which automatically opens the door by remote
control is also a robot; obviously this is not an industrial robot.
A robot by virtue of its reprogrammability and versatility is
productive, dynamic and flexible to an extent.
Robots range from toys to automated assembly lines.
S.Meenatchisundaram, MIT, Manipal,
Jan May 2015

Definition of a Robot:
-

An industrial robot is defined by ISO as an automatically controlled,

reprogrammable, multipurpose manipulator programmable in three
or more axes.
According to Robotics Industries Association, an industrial robot is a
reprogrammable multifunctional manipulator designed to move
material, parts, tools or specialized devices through various
programmed motions for the performance of a variety of tasks.
A robot is an automatic device that performs functions normally
ascribed to humans or a machine in the form of a human.
A robot is a software-controllable mechanical device that uses sensors
to guide one or more end effectors through programmed motions in
a work piece in order to manipulate physical objects.
It may also be defined as a number of rigid links connected by joints
of different types that are controlled and monitored by computer.
S.Meenatchisundaram, MIT, Manipal,
Jan May 2015

Automation Vs Robotics:
-

Automation involves a
mechanical device that
can imitate the actions of
people or animals.
Robotics involves the
design, construction, and
operation of a robot.
A robot is a machine that
performs
complicated
tasks and is guided by
automatic controls.
S.Meenatchisundaram, MIT, Manipal,
Jan May 2015

Generations of Robots:
First generation:
- These
robots
were
designed to perform
factory work.
- Such robots performed
simple tasks that were
dangerous or unpleasant
for people.
- Robots were used to weld,
spray paint, move heavy
objects,
handle
hot
materials, etc.

1961 - The first industrial robot was online in a General

Motors automobile factory in New Jersey. It was called
UNIMATE. It was used to pick up and put down parts.

S.Meenatchisundaram, MIT, Manipal,

Jan May 2015

Generations of Robots:
Second generation:
- These robots perform
more complex tasks
and simulate many
human functions.
- Such robots move,
sense surroundings,
and
respond
to
changes
in
their
environment.

SWORDS on Display U.S. Army Sgt. 1st Class Jason Mero

(right) describes the capabilities of the SWORDS (Special
Weapons Observation Remote Direct-Action System) robot to
Garth Renn, an attendee at the Washington Auto Show,
Washingon Convention Center in Washington D.C., Jan. 24,
2006. Defense Dept.

S.Meenatchisundaram, MIT, Manipal,

Jan May 2015

Generations of Robots:
Present generation:
Industrial
robots
perform
many
factory jobs
 Welding
 Painting
 Assembly

S.Meenatchisundaram, MIT, Manipal,

Jan May 2015

Generations of Robots:
Present generation:
Medical Robots





Assist with surgery

Transport materials
Dispense medicine
Communicate

S.Meenatchisundaram, MIT, Manipal,

Jan May 2015

Generations of Robots:
Present generation:
Assistive Robots





Eating
Walking
Cleaning
Grasping/reaching

S.Meenatchisundaram, MIT, Manipal,

Jan May 2015

Generations of Robots:
Present generation:
Explore
 Space
 Underwater
 Military

S.Meenatchisundaram, MIT, Manipal,

Jan May 2015

Generations of Robots:
Present generation:
Household Robots
 Vacuum
 Mow lawn
 Clean

S.Meenatchisundaram, MIT, Manipal,

Jan May 2015