STURM4

Stochastic Aerodynamics:
An Application to Bluff
Body with Variable Gust
Inlets

Dr. Imran Afgan

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Breakdown of Work

Modelling and Numerics

LES (Standard Smagorinsky) model with Code_Saturne

Conforming/Non-Conforming Mesh Refinement Investigation

Bluff Body 1 (Flat Plate)

Bluff Body 2 (Cylinder arrays)
Code_Saturne Development

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Bluff Body 1 (Flat Plate)

Establish a test case with for flow over a Bluff body (Normal & oblique
Flat Plate) using literature review
Code_Saturne user programming tweaking to obtain desired output
variables
Testing of Code_Saturne on the user subroutines for a simple channel
flow
Benchmark the test case with available data
Use Generalized Chaos polynomial (gCP) as a Black box to obtain
desired input parameters
Perform a number of LES runs to obtain the output variables.
Postprocess the output variables by gCP to obtain a set of data for the
desired range

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Bluff Body 2 (Cylinder Arrays)

Establish

test cases with flow over a wide range of

tube bundle configurations
Benchmark the test case with available data
Testing a number of non-conforming meshes for a
complete parametric study
Perform a refined LES/DNS of the tube bundles with
various inlet

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Over & Above

Bluff Body 2 (Cylinder arrays)

Perform

a refined LES/DNS of the tube bundles with

various inlet conditions
Perform a gCP analysis much like Case 1 to generate
a test database

Code_Saturne Development
Implementation

of Wall adapting Local Eddy Viscosity

Model in Code_Saturne via user subroutines
Benchmark the case with a channel flow simulation

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Case 1: Flat Plate

Establishment of test case and Flow parameters

(2.5 x 104 2.5 x 105)
Uniform Inlet
2 Configurations to be tested
Re

Flat Plate normal (900) to the inflow

Flat Plate oblique (450) to the inflow

Lift,

drag, Pressure, Admittance Parameter, U,V,W,

some higher order statistics uiuj

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Geometry
Height (y): H
Thickness (x): 0.1H
Length (z): 14H (Spanwise direction Periodic BC
6H

15H

24H

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Numerical Grid
2 D Mesh contains 250,000 cells

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Flat Plate Data

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Application of Gust Inlet

u = f ( x, t , T , A) velocity signal with gust inlet
u = f ( x, t , A), u = f ( x, t , T ) decoupling life and amplitude of gust
ui = f ( x, t , Ai ) for different cases, where i is number of cases chosen

u (t ) = U 0 + A

t 2 (t T ) 2

(T / 2 )

sin ( 3t + T )
T

T is Gust Life, A is Amplitude and t [ 0, T ]

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gPC Method
gPC Pre-processor
u ( x, t , )

PDF of Stochastic Input is chosen a priori and

assigned
Nq number of Quadrature points are also chosen a
priori
Stochastic Collection Method
O( x, t , ), k ( )
Ok ( x, t ) =
where k=0,K
k2 ( )

uinlet ( x, t , z j ) where j = 1, Nq

where
O( x, t , ), k ( ) = O( x, t , ).k ( ). ( ) d

CFD Solver
Code_Saturne

Can be approximated by Monte Carlo method or quasi Monte Carlo method

We on the other hand use Deterministic Numerical Quadrature Method
Z

O ( x, t , ), k ( ) = w j .Ovar ( x, t , z j ). k ( z j ) where k = 0, K

Ovar iable ( x, t , z j ) where j = 1, Nq

j =0

Where w j is the weight function, k ( ) is the orthogonal polynomial which depends upon
the PDF selection criteria

Random field data is now represented using

gPC expansion of the form
K

Ok ( x; t , w) = Ok ( x, t ).k ( )
k =0

Some Selected Classical orthogonal Polynomials

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Case 2: Tube Bundles

Cross flow over square in-line tube bundles with 4 different gap ratios was tested. P/D=1.2, 1.5, 1.6
and 1.75
Comparison was made with experimental data and with LES of Code Saturne
P/D=1.5 case was also simulated with conventional URANS models

Cross sectional View of

the grid

Average Cp comparison
for P/D=1.5 case

Average Velocity contours at

mid section for P/D=1.5 case

Pseudo-average mean velocity streamlines. From left to right: P/D=1.2, P/D=1.5, P/D=1.6 and P/D=1.75

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WALE Model*

Based on the traceless part of the

square of the velocity gradient tensor
Where the Wale constant is
estimated as

3/ 2

&ijd &ijd
OP1
2
vT = (CW )
= (CW )
5/ 2
OP 2
( Sij Sij ) + &ijd &ijd
2

CW2 = CS2

21/ 2 ( Sij Sij )

Sij Sij

3/ 2

OP1
OP 2

Model is based purely on wall

behaviour and dimensional analysis
so no additional and/or special wall
treatments are required
* Nicoud, F., Ducros, F. 1999. Subgrid scale stress modelling based on the square of the
velocity gradient tensor. Flow, Turbulence and Combustion. Vol 62, 183-200

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Bibliography Flat Plate

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Bibliography Flat Plate (cont.)

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Bibliography Tube Bundles

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Bibliography Tube Bundles (cont.)

Ishigai, S., Nishikawa, E., Yagi, E. 1973. Structures of Gas Flow and Vibration in Tube Banks with Tube Axes Normal to Flow. Inst. Sym.
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