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Module 5
Piping Design
Training Manual
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Contents
Contents-i
Contents
Contents-ii
Session
Pipework Modelling
Pipe routing is probably the activity that consumes most time on any large project
and it is also one, which causes the most problems. Pipe routing in PDMS has
always been one of the major strengths of the system, as you will discover in this
module.
Objectives
At the end of this module, you will able to:
Have a sound knowledge of branch heads and tails and the importance of
component list order and flow direction within a branch.
1-1
1-2
Figure 1
There is a separate design hierarchy for pipe routing, as shown in Figure 1. In
principle, each pipe element may own a number of branches. In turn, branches may
own a number of piping components like valves and reducers.
The difference between pipes and branches is that a branch is only considered to
have two ends, while a pipe may have any number of ends, depending on the
number of branches it owns.
Figure 2 shows a pipe with three ends and two branches, where the second branch
is connected to the first at the tee.
Branch 1
z
z
Tee
Branch 2
Figure 2
1-3
This brings in another rule that says that although a branch only has two ends, it may
own components (in this case a tee), which connect to other branches.
These simple concepts enable any number of piping configurations to be developed,
and form the basis of all the PDMS Pipework you will encounter.
Piping Specifications
In the same way that design offices have standard piping specifications, PDMS has
a set of specifications from which you can choose. In fact all the components you will
use in PDMS must be defined in the Catalogue and be placed in a Specification
before you can use them. In the Training Project there are three such specifications:
A1A-TRA
A3B-TRA
F1C-TRA
These specifications contain all the fittings you will require for the course exercises.
1-4
Pipework Toolbar
The Pipework Toolbar is used to Manipulate Pipes, Branches and Bran
Components.
The default Piping
Specification can be
reset using this Icon.
Modifying Pipes
Display
Piping
Components Creation
Form
A range of Piping
Components can be
deleted using this form.
Used
to
components.
Align
Used
to
Orientate
Components.
1-5
1-6
Pipe Branches
Branches serve two purposes:
1. They define the start and finish points of a pipe route (known as the Head and
Tail in PDMS).
2. They own the piping components, which define the route.
The position and order of the piping components below branch level determine the
physical route. In PDMS you only ever need to consider the fittings, because the
pipe that appears between fittings is automatically set (or implied) by PDMS
according to the specifications of the fittings.
Gasket 1
Flange
Head is at face of Nozzle 1
Tail is at face of Nozzle 2
z
z
Elbow
Direction
of
Flow
Nozzle 1
z
Elbow
Gasket 2
Nozzle 2
z
Flange
Figure 3
1-7
HCON
The connection type of the branch end (Up to a 4 character code for
flanged, butt weld, screwed, etc.).
HDIR
The direction in which the start of the branch is pointing (as if you were
looking down the bore).
HBOR
HREF
The name of the item to which the branch head is connected (e.g.
/C1101-N1). If this is not set, then the branch is open to the
atmosphere for a vent or drain.
HSTU
TCON
The connection type of the branch end (Up to a 4 character code for
flanged, butt weld, screwed, etc.).
TDIR
The direction in which the end of the branch is pointing (as if you were
looking back down the bore).
TBOR
TREF
The name of the item to which the branch tail is connected (e.g.
/150-A-3). If this is not set, then the branch is open to the
atmosphere for a vent or drain.
You do not need to specify each of these attributes every time you create a branch.
On most occasions when you set a head or tail, you will be connecting to another
pipe or to a nozzle. The act of connecting to another item sets all the attributes at
once.
1-8
1-9
1-10
1-11
Head
Tail
Figure 4
The next step in designing a pipe is to create and position a series of fittings, which
define the pipe route you require. Just as on a drawing board, you need to decide
which piping components are needed in order to satisfy the requirements of the
process. The components must be arranged so that the pipe meets its design needs.
However, unlike on the drawing board, you do not need to know any fitting
dimensions, PDMS derives these automatically from the catalogue.
To create piping fittings, you need to select an item from the list of fittings available
to you from the associated piping specification. Typical types of fitting available are
Elbows, Tees, Reducers, Flanges, Gaskets and Valves etc. There is some
intelligence build into the PDMS forms so that by placing for example a valve the
associated Gaskets and Flanges will also be created.
For all piping components, you will need to carry out the following steps: Select the component from the piping specification, position the component and set
the orientation.
There tube is not created explicitly it is created automatically or implied by placing
fittings.
1-12
from
an
1-13
1-14
1-15
1-16
The below example shows the Explorer Window with the Tube Shown.
When using PDMS the list order will become second nature to you after you have
created a number of branches, but for the time being you should be aware of it and
should consider carefully where your next item is going to be inserted by watching
the Component pointer and Design Explorer.
When you are creating a component at the pipe branch head or pipe branch tail you
must ensure that you are positioned at the Branch.
1-17
P2
P2
Y
Y
P3
P0
P1
P1
Figure 9 Reducer
Z
Figure 10 - Couplings/Nipples
Z
Y
P2
P0
P0
P1
P2
P1
Figure 11 - Bends/Elbows
Figure 12 Nozzles
P2
Z
Y
P2
P1
P0
Y
P0
X
P1
1-18
P3
P2
Y
z
P0
z
P1
Figure 15 Flange
z
P3
X
1-19
Figure 18
1-20
Notes
The first time you
enter the Pipework
application
the
Default
Specification Form
will be displayed
(A3B-TRA
has
been
specially
modified to help
with the training.)
Create hierarchy in
which branch is to
be routed.
or Navigate to the
existing
Pipe
Zone
(/PIPE.ZONE)
You
may
have
created a piping
zone /PIPE.ZONE
earlier.
Create>Zone
1-21
Function
Enter the Pipe
Name 100-B-8
Select the Bore
100
Notes
The Pipe Spec. will
automatically
be
selected from the
default
spec
selected earlier it
should be set to
/A3B-TRA
1-22
Function
After
pressing Select Change Head Connection
Apply button on
previous form
Notes
We are going to
connect the Branch
Head and Branch
Tail to Equipment
Nozzles.
1-23
Function
Notes
After pressing the Use the Pick Button to set the Name to Once you have
connected
the
Change
button Nozzle D1201/N3
Branch Head the
on the previous
previous Pipe form
form.
will
again
be
displayed.
Connect
each
end of branch to
its
termination
point (head and
tail)
This
leaves
a
dotted line joining
the head and tail
1-24
Note
where
possible we will
create the main
pipe route and add
valves and other inline fittings later.
Function
Notes
PDMS will select an
appropriate Gasket
so we will select a
Flange from the
Component Types.
1-25
Function
Notes
In
the
Design
Explorer navigate
back up to Branch
Level.
Change
the
creation form to
Against Flow
Select Connect
You should
now
have a Gasket and
Flange
at
the
Branch Head and
the Branch Tail.
1-26
Function
Notes
We
will
now Select the Dotted Pipe using the LH
create our first Mouse button.
Elbow after the
Flange that is
connected to the
Branch Head.
Select
Model
Editor Icon from
the Main Menu
Form
Using the LH
Mouse
Button
drag the Pipe
Route
Handle
Down
500mm
and release the
mouse button.
1-27
Function
Notes
1-28
Function
The RH Mouse
Button
Options
shown here are
only to illustrate
that they are
available.
Notes
The
Change
in
direction created will
be created as an
elbow this could be
changed to a Bend (if
there
are
bends
available in the spec)
using the Component
Choice pull down that
can be displayed
when in Model Editor
Mode.
Other options are also
available from this pull
down and some will
be used later.
Navigate to the
flange on the
Branch Tail using
the LH Mouse
Button.
1-29
Function
Notes
Select a 90Deg.
Elbow (EA)
Make sure the
creation
is
Against Flow.
Select
the
Choose Button
and
reselect
Elbow
Select Connect
1-30
Function
We will now
position the
elbow through a
North Position of
N 302600 by
dragging the
Elbow using
Model Editor
Mode.
Fine adjustment
can be obtained
using the up and
down arrows on
the keyboard.
Model Editor
increment are
adjusted as
shown
Notes
The default
setting is 50mm
and 5mm for fine
adjustment.
1-31
Function
Notes
Note: -
We
will
now
create a Tee and
position it through
W 303575
Select Connect
Using
Modify
Mode Drag the
Tee through
W 313575
1-32
Function
Notes
We
will
now
complete the pipe
route
using
complete in Quick
Pipe Route Mode
Select
Feature
Snapping
by
Pressing F
Whilst in Modify
Mode
1-33
Function
Notes
Release
the
Mouse Button
and
select
Complete
We will now
place 2 Gate
valves in the
branch
Select a Gate
Valve on the
Components
Creation Form
Use Place and
identify Branch
Leg for Valve
1-34
Function
As there is a
choice of Flanges
the
Flange
Component
Creation form is
displayed.
Notes
Choose another
GATE valve in a
similar way.
1-35
Function
Notes
We
will
now
move the Valve
and its connected
components
Fitting to Fitting
with the second
Elbow in Modify
Mode.
1-36
It is possible to
move the valve
assembly to other
legs
in
the
branch, these are
indicated in blue.
1-37
Pipe 80-B-7
When you create this pipe if the Nozzles are correct, i.e. both the same size and
inline the tube will be implied and displayed. You should only need to create the
flange connections, remember this is done by being positioned at the branch level in
the Design Explorer.
Pipe 150-B-6
The Flanges and elbows at both the Head and Tail of this pipe should be created
fitting to fitting. The elbows are rotated as required using Modify Mode. This is quite
a simple pipe so it could easily be routed using quick route mode.
The First elbow is rotated
using Modify Mode to
face East.
1-38
Pipe 250-B-5
1-39
Pipe 200-B-4
The bottom section of this pipe has a small offset of about 15 Deg. The two bottom
elbows should be lined using Align selection / component as described earlier.
Navigate to the
next Elbow and
direct it in a
similar way using
the Direct
selection /
component Icon.
100-C-13
This pipe must be routed to piping spec F1C-TRA as it is stainless steel, the pipe
head can be connected as we have done before. The pipe tail however must be
created explicitly.
To set the Branch Tail
select the Tail Detail
Change button on the
Create Pipe Branch
form.
1-40
We are going to be routing the pipe onto the Pipe Bridge the steelwork for this pipe
bridge will be created using the macro !!traRunMacro('pipeway.pmlmac').
Navigate to a Structural Zone or create one /STRU.ZONE. Open a command line
Display > Command Line in this command line type
!!trarunracro('pipeway.pmlmac') make sure it is typed in lower case, the steelwork
will now be have been created.
Create the Gasket, Flange and the first two elbows as we have done before. We will
now create the third elbow and position the Bottom of Pipe (BOP) onto the steelwork.
This is performed in Quick Pipe Router Mode with feature snapping enabled (F).
1-41
150-A-57
This pipe should be routed using /A1A-TRA which is a 150# Carbon Steel
specification.
The Pipe Tail of this pipe will be connected to the suction of pumps P1502A and
P1502B, which has 300# Flanges. As there are no 300# flanges in our piping spec
we are going to select them from spec /A3B-TRA this is done by setting The
Alternative Spec.
1-42
On
the
Component
Creation Form Select the
Use Alternative Spec.
button Select
1-43
1-44
1-45
In the example below a tee has been added to the falling line to demonstrate how an
offset error would be introduced. This error is corrected in PDMS using variable
angle zero radius bends.
1-46
Bends are normally made from tube so adding a bend would only effect tube length
and as the bend we use has no radius the effect is negligible; bends made from tube
do not appear on the isometric material list.
The following example shows how bends are used to correct falling lines.
The first example shows the tee still falling with the main branch; a bend is used at
the start of the new bran to reduce the offset error.
In this next example the tee is horizontal and two bends are used one at each side to
correct the fall.
You should always check contract procedure to establish how to design slopping
pipes.
1-47
The Auto Slope form lets you set the leave direction either up or down of each elbow
in a branch. You can specify the slope either as a rate of fall or as an angle.
Select OK
PDMS will now step through each elbow in the branch. You are required to select the
slop for each elbow.
As the pipe is open ended finishing at the battery limit the following form is displayed.
The pipe will now be slopping this can be checked using Query > General as we
have done earlier. You should find the elbow direction to be of the form N 0.5729 U.
1-48
to
1-49
1-50
Figure 19 Orientate>Component>Slope
The PL of the elbow will now be slopping if you check this the angle should be Direction N
0.5729 U.
1-51
The Plane Through form lets you position the current element using a specific coordinate, as in this example, or by using the cursor, or with respect to any other
previously positioned item.
1-52
Note: BoP/ToP in this context refer to the same point, namely the furthest side of
the component. Thus, the form settings Top of Pipe Clearance 50 Infront ID Cursor
would achieve the same result. This applies in both forwards and backwards modes.
1-53
constrained
centreline
50
/BEAM
picked with cursor
50
1-54
constrained
centreline
50
/BEAM
picked with cursor
50
Bottom of Pipe Clearance 50 Behind
ID Cursor
1-55
50
Onto
ID Cursor
would
Under
ID
this
constrained
centreline
50
/BEAM
picked with cursor
50
1-56
constrained
centreline
/BEAM
picked with cursor
50
Clearance 50 Behind
ID Cursor
1-57
1-58
1-59
Copying Branches
If you have branches of a pipe that contain similar components you may copy a
complete branch then move it into position.
To
create
copy,
select
the
branch
to
be
copied
then
choose
1-60
Session
Objectives
At the end of this module, you will able to:
2-1
2-2
PL is E
Axial Alignment
Checks that components which are to be connected together are aligned on a
common axis:
N
offset axes
Consistent Bores
Checks that components which are to be connected together have consistent bores:
Leave Bore
50
Arrive Bore
100
Connection Types
Checks that components which are to be connected together have compatible
connection types:
Flange
connection
Screwed
connection
Component B
2-3
By using this form, you can generate a diagnostic report on the data consistency of
any part of your design.
You may list the report on your screen (in the area in the lower half of the form), or
you may send it to a file from which you can print a hard copy version. Select
Terminal or File and, in the latter case, specify the directory and filename. Choose
the hierarchic level at which you want to check the design using the Check list near
top left of the form. The default is the current element.
Specifying Parameters and Tolerances
The data checking utility allows a margin of acceptable error before it diagnoses that
you may have a problem. These builtin tolerances have default values, but you may
set your own values if you prefer.
As an example, by default your report will warn you of all lengths of tube in your
design which are shorter than 100mm. This allows you to decide whether each such
length is adequate for welding procedures, bolt withdrawal, access, and so on. You
can change the acceptable minimum length from 100mm, and may set different
minima for up to ten different pipe bore ranges if you wish. For example:
A minimum length of 150mm for bores between 25 and 50.
2-4
2-5
A230
GASK
HEAD
D430
(On GASK)
FLAN
FLOW
PArrive
GBD
TAIL
HCONN
FBD
PLeave
TCONN
GBD
FBD
E730
(On FLAN)
B230
PIPE A
PIPE B
The connection as shown is a valid one. If any of the connection types were
changed, you might see the following messages:
A230 CONNECTION TYPE HCONN NOT SAME AS TERMINAL CONNECTION
TYPE
The connection types FBD-FBD in this example must be the same.
B230 CONNECTION TYPE TCONN NOT SAME AS TERMINAL CONNECTION
TYPE
The connection types GBD-GBD in this example must be the same.
D430 BAD ARRIVE CONNECTION TYPE
The connection types GBD-FBD in this example must be listed as compatible in the
COCO tables.
E730 LEAVE CONNECTION TYPE (of the Flange) NOT COMPATIBLE WITH
TCONN
The connection types FBD-GBD in this example must be listed as compatible in the
COCO tables.
2-6
2-7
2-8
2-9
z z
2-10
The bore of the leave ppoint of this Component is not the same as the bore of the
tube following the Component.
D610 LEAVE CONNECTION TYPE NOT COMPATIBLE WITH CONNECTION
TYPE OF LSTUBE
The connection type of the leave ppoint of this Component is not compatible with
the tube following the component.
EndComponent Diagnostics
These are applicable only to the last component in a Branch:
E700 LEAVE TUBE LESS THAN TUBE MINIMUM. ACTUAL TUBE LENGTH IS ...
The distance between the leave ppoint of the current component and the tail
position, TPOS, is greater than zero and less than the specified minimum tube length
(default: 100mm).
E710 BAD LEAVE GEOMETRY
The position and direction of the leave ppoint of this component are not correct with
respect to the position, TPOS, and direction, TDIR, of the tail. The error could be
caused by incorrect positioning of this component, the Tail, or both.
E720 LEAVE BORE NOT SAME AS TBORE
The bore of the leave ppoint of this component is not the same as the tail bore,
TBORE.
E730 LEAVE CONNECTION TYPE NOT COMPATIBLE WITH TCONN
The connection type of the leave ppoint of this component is not compatible with
the tail connection type TCONN.
2-11