Moving About I: Displacement, Velocity and Acceleration

1. Identify two speed changes that may occur when:

a. Travelling on a train: stopping at a station, starting again.
b. Walking to Project Academy: stop at road and start again.
2. What is the difference between average speed and instantaneous
speed?
Average speed is total distance travelled divided by time while
instantaneous speed is the speed an object is travelling at any time.
3. A car travels 50 km North, then 50 km East, then 100 km South.
a. Sketch a diagram of what has occurred?
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b. What is the distance the car travelled? 200,000 m
c. What is the cars displacement? 70,710 m (2 dp)
4. Sarthak walks from KFC to his house at 2.5 ms-1. However, realising
that he forgot his food, he sprints back at 36 kmh -1. If KFC is 200 m
East of Sarthaks house:
a. What is his average speed?
200 m 2.5 ms-1 = 80 s
200 m (36 / 3.6) ms-1 = 20 s
400 m / 100 s = 4 ms-1
b. What is his average velocity? 0 ms-1
c. What is his instantaneous speed after 1 minute? 2.5 ms -1
d. What is his instantaneous speed after 1 minute and 30 secs?
10 ms-1
6. A car is initially travelling at 36 kmh-1 West. It accelerates at a rate
of 5 ms-2 West for 3 seconds. Using an appropriate formula, find the
final velocity.
v = u + at
v = 36 / 3.6 + 5 ms-2 3
v = 25 ms-1 West
7. Imagine you are driving a car. Give 2 examples of situations where
acceleration is positive, and 2 examples where acceleration is
negative.
Acceleration is positive when starting the car and speeding up when
the speed limit rises and is negative when braking or crashing.
Moving About II: Newtons First Law
3. A car is travelling at a constant speed.
a. If the driver let go of the accelerator, the car would slow
down. Explain how this does not contradict Newtons First law
of motion.
According to Newtons First law of motion, an object at rest or
travelling at a constant velocity requires a net external force for

its velocity to change. As there is no longer force from the

engine, then the car would slow down.
b. The car crashes into a wall. Use Newtons first law to explain
what happens if the driver is or isnt wearing a seatbelt.
According to Newtons First law of motion, an object at rest or
travelling at a constant velocity requires a net external force for
its velocity to change. If the driver isnt wearing a seatbelt, he is
still travelling as there is no external force acting upon it,
therefore the driver will hit the windshield. If he is wearing a
seatbelt, there is an external force that keeps his head from
flying through the windshield.
4. A shopping trolley is rolling at a constant speed of 5 ms -1. Ignoring
air resistance and friction, what will happen if:
a. No force is imported on the shopping trolley.
The shopping trolley will continue to roll at the same speed until
stopped by an external force.
b. Huge Himal tries to decelerate the trolley with a force of 10
N, while Small Saf tries to accelerate the trolley with a force
of 1 N.
The trolley will decelerate as there is a net force of 9 N for
deceleration.
c. Isuru sits in the trolley.
Assuming no gravity and no friction, there would be no
difference to the action of the trolley. ILLEGITIMATE QUESTION.
5. Do scales measure mass or weight? Discuss.
Scales measure your weight and then convert it to your mass through
dividing by the gravitational acceleration (9.8). Because of this, if
scales are used on the moon, the overall weight would then be
converted through dividing by 9.8, leaving us with an incorrect mass.
6. George travels to the moon, where the gravitational acceleration is
1.6 ms-1. His mass on Earth is 60 kg.
a. What is his weight on Earth?
His weight on Earth is 588 N. (60 * 9.8)
b. What is his mass on the moon?
His mass on the moon is 60 kg as mass is universal.
c. What is his weight on the moon?
His weight on the moon is 96 N. (60 * 1.6)
7. Hank is sitting still on a chair, with his feet planted firmly on the
ground.
a. Identify all the forces acting upon him.

Forces that are acting upon him include gravity and normal
reaction force.
b. What is the relationship between these forces?
They are opposite and equal.
8. A car is travelling on a road at a constant speed.
a. Draw a diagram showing all the forces acting on the
car. !!!!!!!!!!!!!
b. What are the relationships between these forces?
The force provided by the engine is greater than the forces of
friction and air resistance.
The driver now eases up on the accelerator, causing the car to slow
down.
c. What are the new relationships between the forces?
The force of the engine is breaking and therefore goes
backwards.
9. Ivan is driving his car. Outline the forces involved in when he:
a. Cruises
b. Presses on the accelerator.
c. Presses down on the brake.
d. Drives over an icy patch.
e. Climbs a hill.
f. Descends a hill.
Moving About III: Newtons Second Law
1. A 6.0 kg mass is initially stationary. It experiences a force of 8.0 N to
the right.
a. What acceleration does the mass experience?
F = ma
8 N = 6a
a= 4/3
b. How fast is the mass travelling after 3 seconds?
4/3 * 3 = 4
2. A train is approaching a train station at 72 kmh -1 South. It
decelerates uniformly, and stops after 5.0 seconds. If the train
weighs 10,000 tonnes, what force did the brakes apply?
F = ma
F = 10,000,000 * (-20 / 5) = -40,000,000
3. In diagram 3.1, a force of 60 N is being used to pull 2 blocks of
wood on a smooth surface. Block A weighs 4 kg and block B weighs
6 kg.
a. What is the acceleration of the whole system?

F = ma
60 = 10 kg * a
a=6
b. What is the net force on each block?
F = ma
F=4*6
Block As net force = 24 N.
F=6*6
a = 36
Block Bs net force = 36 N.
c. What is the force tension in the string between A and B?
The overall net force on A is 24 N, however 60 N is being applied
on block A, therefore there is 36 N is disappearing. As we are
assuming a frictionless environment, then the tension on the
string is 36 N.
4. A 3.50 kg object is travelling at 5.20 ms-1 East. It experiences a
force for 6 seconds, causing its velocity to change to 9.60 ms -1
South.
a. What is the acceleration of the object?
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b. What force acted on the object?
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5. A force of 100 N is used to push 2 blocks lying on a surface with a
frictional force of 0.67 N kg