Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
75
Resumo
A abordagem sobre a vulnerabilidade de um aqufero utiliza ndices empricos e semi-empricos consagrados
na bibliografia, dentre os quais aqueles utilizados pelo mtodo DRASTIC, tanto em zona urbana quanto rural.
O Alto Cristalino de Salvador-Bahia constitui um sistema hidrogeolgico formado por rochas cristalinas
metamrficas de alto grau, fraturadas, com coberturas de regolito, depsitos tercirios da Formao Barreiras
e quaternrios costeiros formados por sedimentos arenosos inconsolidados. O estudo do aqfero do Alto da
Cidade do Salvador, pelo mtodo DRASTIC, foi efetuado a partir de dados de quase uma centena de poos
tubulares, permitindo concluir que a vulnerabilidade do aqfero varivel, aumentando a partir do
compartimento morfolgico situado oeste da falha do Iguatemi em direo leste ao Oceano Atlntico,
principalmente em funo da menor profundidade do nvel esttico e das coberturas arenosas quaternrias
com alta condutividade hidrulica, encontradas ao longo da costa atlntica. Tambm ficou constatado a existncia
de moderadas correlaes lineares entre a amnia e o ortofosfato com os valores dos ndices de vulnerabilidade
DRASTIC. Com isto, presume-se que a associao desses compostos qumicos com os locais de maior
vulnerabilidade possa refletir um indcio de contaminao por essas substncias derivadas dos detergentes,
saponceos e efluentes domsticos.
Palavras-Chave: Vulnerabilidade de aquferos, mtodo DRASTIC, Aqufero de Salvador
Abstract
The usual approach about the vulnerability of an aquifer employs existent empirical and semi-empirical
indices, among them that defined by the DRASTIC method, both for urban and country regions. The
horst in the city of Salvador-Bahia bears fractured groundwater system in high grade metamorphic
crystalline rocks, covered by an overburden that acts as a basement for the Tertiary deposits of the
Barreiras Formation and the Quaternary coastal deposits formed by sand-clay unconsolidated sediments.
The study of this aquifer by the DRASTIC method was done employing almost one hundred rig wells
and allowed to conclude that its vulnerability is variable. It increases from the morphological
compartment located to the west of the Iguatemi fault towards the east to the Atlantic Ocean, mostly
because of the shallower depth of the static level and of the coastal quaternary sand cover, which
exhibit high porosity and permeability. It was also verified the occurrence of a moderate linear correlation
between ammonia and ortho-phosphate by the DRASTIC vulnerability indices. So, it is presumed that
the association of those chemical compounds with the locations that show larger vulnerability may
reflect contamination by those chemical products derived from detergents, insecticides, and domestic
sewers.
Keywords: Aquifer vulnerability, DRASTIC method, Salvador aquifer
Revista de Geologia, Vol. 22 (1), 2009
76
77
78
2.1 - Hidrologia
2.2 - Geologia
79
80
Rtqhwpfkfcfg"
Rtqhwpfkfcfg"fq""pxgn""htgvkeq"
Tgectic"
Vczc"fg"tgectic""fq"cshgtq"
Cshgtq"
Vkrq"fq"ocvgtkcn"swg"eqorg"q"cshgtq""
Uqnq"
Vkrq"fg"uqnq"
Vqrqitchkc"
Vqrqitchkc"fq"vgttgpq."rgpfgpvg"
Korcevq"
Korcevq"pc"|qpc"pq"ucvwtcfc"
Eqpfwvkxkfcfg"
Eqpfwvkxkfcfg"jkftwnkec"
"
(R ) R eca rg a b ru ta
X cnq t"
X cnq t"
> 3 .7 "
32"
2 /7 2 "
3"
3 .7 /7 "
;"
7 2 /3 2 2 "
5"
7 /3 2 "
9"
3 2 2 /3 : 2 "
8"
3 2 /4 2 "
7"
3 : 2 /4 7 7 "
:"
4 2 /5 2 "
4"
@477"
;"
@52"
3"
"
(A ) N a tu rez a d o a q fero
F guetkq "
(S ) N a tu rez a d o so lo
X cnq t"
(T ) T o p o g ra fia
X cnq t"
(C ) C o n d u tiv id a d e h id r u lic a
X cnq t"
X cnq t"
2 /4 "
32"
>6"
3"
4 /8 "
;"
6 /3 4 "
4"
8 /3 4 "
7"
3 4 /4 : "
6"
3 4 /3 : "
5"
4 : /6 2 "
8"
@3:"
3"
6 2 /: 2 "
:"
@:2"
32"
(I) Im p a cto so b re a z o n a sa tu ra d a
F guetkq "
X cnq t"
3 /4 "
3"
4 /7 "
5"
/E cnetkq u"
4 /9 "
8"
6 /: "
8"
6 /: "
8"
6 /: "
8"
4 /: "
6"
8 /; "
:"
4 /3 2 "
;"
: /3 2 "
32"
4. Resultados Obtidos
O ndice DRASTIC para a rea do Alto
Cristalino de Salvador variou entre 79 e 168 (Tabela
4), podendo-se classificar as diversas faixas
mapeadas nas seguintes condies de
vulnerabilidade: 79 a 106 (insignificante); 106 a 120
(muito baixa); 120 a 127 (baixa); 127 a 141
(moderada) e, 141 a 168 (alta).
Os valores de vulnerabilidade insignificantes
e muito baixos so devido presena de regolitos
argilosos e argilo-arenosos (parmetro S) (Tab. 2)
que recobrem o aqfero, alm dos valores muito
baixos da condutividade hidrulica (C), situados
sempre na faixa de 4,6 x 10-6 e 4,7 x 10 4 cm/s. Os
valores do ndice de vulnerabilidade foram
modelados atravs do programa Arc Gis 9.0,
utilizando-se interpolao atravs da krigagem
universal.
Tabela 3 ndice de ponderao (w) dos fatores
DRASTIC (adaptado de Aller et al. 1987).
Parmetros
Fy"/"Rtqhwpfkfcfg"fq"pxgn"guvvkeq"
W (Pesos)
7"
Ty""Tgectic"fq"cshgtq0"
6"
Cy""Ocvgtkcn"fq"cshgtq"
5"
Uy"Vkrq"fg"uqnq"
4"
Vy""Vqrqitchkc"
3"
Ky""Korcevq"fc"|qpc"pq/ucvwtcfc0"
7"
Ey"/"Eqpfwvkxkfcfg"jkftwnkec0"
5"
"
81
5. Concluses
Este trabalho mostrou que o mtodo
DRASTIC apresentou bons resultados no estudo
Revista de Geologia, Vol. 22 (1), 2009
82
INDICE
POO
INDICE
37.2
46.2
34.2
34.2
7.2
37.2
5.2
:8.2
72
57.2 46.2
;.2
8.2
32.2 37.2
8.2
327.2
57.2
46.2
37.2
8.2
32.2
42.2
8.2
338.2
67.2
46.2
34.2
8.2
3.2
37.2
5.2
328.2
73
3:.2
74
;.2
52.2
;.2
362.2
;.2
385.2
57.2
46.2
34.2
8.2
;.2
37.2
5.2
326.2
75
67.2 46.2
;.2
34.2
364.2
72.2
58.2
37.2
34.2
32.2
37.2
8.2
366.2
76
67.2 54.2
;.2
34.2
357.2
37.2
46.2
34.2
8.2
32.2
37.2
67.2
58.2
37.2
3:.2
32.2
52.2
5.2
:7.2
77
72.2 54.2
8.2
382.2
78
;.2
34.2
377.2
8.2
32.2 37.2
5.2
327.2
57.2
46.2
34.2
8.2
32.2
37.2
5.2
327.2
79
8.2
3.2
47.2
;.2
327.2
67.2
46.2
34.2
34.2
;.2
37.2
5.2
342.2
7:
8.2
32.2 37.2
;.2
349.2
57.2
46.2
34.2
67.2
46.2
37.2
8.2
32.2
37.2
5.2
34.2
32.2
37.2
8.2
327.2
7;
34.2
;.2
52.2
5.2
347.2
349.2
82
8.2
7.2
52.2
;.2
346.2
57.2
58.2
37.2
3:.2
5.2
67.2
;.2
383.2
83
34.2
3.2
52.2
;.2
369.2
57.2
46.2
34.2
7.2
3.2
37.2
5.2
;7.2
84
;.2
385.2
57.2
46.2
67.2
46.2
34.2
8.2
34.2
34.2
32.2
37.2
5.2
327.2
85
3:.2
5.2
52.2
;.2
366.2
;.2
52.2
5.2
357.2
86
34.2
7.2
52.2
8.2
376.2
57.2
46.2
34.2
34.2
32.2
37.2
5.2
333.2
87
8.2
32.2 37.2
;.2
35;.2
72.2
46.2
34.2
34.2
32.2
37.2
5.2
348.2
88
72.2 46.2
8.2
348.2
37.2
72.2
58.2
3:.2
34.2
32.2
52.2
;.2
352.2
89
8.2
32.2 37.2
5.2
337.2
46.2
3:.2
34.2
32.2
37.2
8.2
357.2
8:
5.2
358.2
57.2
58.2
3:.2
8.2
32.2
52.2
;.2
366.2
8;
8.2
32.2 37.2
5.2
327.2
57.2
46.2
37.2
34.2
3.2
37.2
5.2
327.2
92
8.2
32.2 52.2
5.2
322.2
47.2
46.2
37.2
8.2
5.2
52.2
5.2
328.2
93
3:.2
7.2
52.2
;.2
382.2
7.2
46.2
3:.2
8.2
7.2
37.2
8.2
9;.2
94
8.2
32.2 37.2
5.2
;7.2
67.2
46.2
34.2
34.2
32.2
37.2
5.2
343.2
95
5.2
358.2
57.2
46.2
3:.2
8.2
32.2
37.2
;.2
339.2
96
34.2
3.2
37.2
5.2
324.2
67.2
46.2
37.2
8.2
32.2
37.2
5.2
33:.2
97
8.2
32.2 37.2
5.2
337.2
67.2
46.2
34.2
34.2
;.2
37.2
5.2
342.2
98
;.2
38:.2
67.2
46.2
37.2
8.2
32.2
37.2
;.2
346.2
99
;.2
385.2
67.2
46.2
;.2
8.2
32.2
37.2
;.2
33:.2
9:
8.2
;.2
37.2
5.2
329.2
57.2
46.2
;.2
34.2
;.2
52.2
;.2
34:.2
9;
8.2
32.2 37.2
5.2
352.2
37.2
46.2
3:.2
3:.2
5.2
52.2
;.2
339.2
:2
34.2
;.2
52.2
;.2
378.2
67.2
46.2
;.2
8.2
3.2
37.2
;.2
32;.2
:3
;.2
385.2
;.2
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
37.2"
46.2"
;.2"
8.2"
5.2"
37.2"
;.2"
:3.2"
:4"
47.2"
46.2"
;.2"
3:.2"
32.2"
52.2"
;.2"
347.2"
72.2"
46.2"
;.2"
8.2"
;.2"
37.2"
;.2"
67.2"
46.2"
;.2"
8.2"
32.2"
37.2"
;.2"
57.2"
58.2"
;.2"
3:.2"
;.2"
52.2"
67.2"
46.2"
;.2"
8.2"
32.2"
67.2"
46.2"
;.2"
8.2"
67.2"
46.2"
;.2"
57.2"
46.2"
;.2"
67.2"
58.2"
57.2"
"
"
"
"
"
"
;.2"
384.2"
:5"
52.2"
8.2"
343.2"
344.2"
:6"
8.2"
358.2"
33:.2"
:7"
37.2"
;.2"
34:.2"
34.2"
36;.2"
:8"
;.2"
388.2"
37.2"
34.2"
343.2"
:9"
;.2"
388.2"
32.2"
37.2"
34.2"
343.2"
::"
;.2"
388.2"
8.2"
32.2"
37.2"
5.2"
334.2"
:;"
;.2"
387.2"
8.2"
;.2"
52.2"
;.2"
344.2"
;2"
;.2"
36:.2"
37.2"
8.2"
32.2"
52.2"
5.2"
367.2"
;3"
3.2"
37.2"
5.2"
324.2"
46.2"
34.2"
8.2"
;.2"
37.2"
;.2"
332.2"
;4"
3.2"
37.2"
5.2"
328.2"
57.2"
46.2"
34.2"
8.2"
;.2"
37.2"
;.2"
332.2"
;5"
7.2"
37.2"
5.2"
338.2"
57.2"
46.2"
;.2"
8.2"
;.2"
52.2"
5.2"
338.2"
;6"
8.2"
32.2" 37.2"
5.2"
345.2"
57.2"
58.2"
;.2"
34.2"
;.2"
52.2"
34.2"
365.2"
;7"
8.2"
32.2" 37.2"
5.2"
345.2"
72.2"
54.2"
37.2"
34.2"
32.2"
37.2"
34.2"
368.2"
;8"
8.2"
32.2" 37.2"
5.2"
327.2"
72.2"
54.2"
37.2"
34.2"
32.2"
34.2"
34.2"
365.2"
;9"
;.2"
378.2"
67.2"
46.2"
;.2"
8.2"
32.2"
37.2"
;.2"
33:.2"
;:"
;.2"
38:.2"
8.2"
"
;.2"
7.2"
"
83
"
Fig. 2 Distribuio do ndice de vulnerabilidade Drastic para o sistema hidrogeolgico do Alto Cristalino de Salvador
Revista de Geologia, Vol. 22 (1), 2009
84
8570000
8568000
8566000
8564000
8562000
552000 554000 556000 558000 560000 562000 564000 566000 568000 570000 572000
"""""""""""""""""""""Hki0"250""Kpetgogpvq"fc"copkc"go"fktgq""Rncpekg"Equvgktc"*oi1N+"
"
8570000
8568000
8566000
8564000
8562000
552000 554000 556000 558000 560000 562000 564000 566000 568000 570000 572000
Hki0"260"Kpetgogpvq"fq"qtvqhquhcvq"go"fktgq""Rncpekg"Equvgktc"*oi1N+
"
Referncias Bibliogrficas
Agero Valverde, J. & Mesalles, R. P. 2002. Analisis de
vulnerabilidad a la contaminacion de uma seccion
de los acuiferos Del Valle Central de Costa Rica.
http://gis.esri.com/library/userconf/latinproc00/
costa_rica/analisis_vulnerabilidad/
vulnerabilidad.html. Acessado na internet em 06 de
janeiro de 2005
Aller, L., Bennet, T., Lehr, J.H. e Petty, R.J. 1987 DRASTIC:
a standardized system for evaluating groundwater
pollution potential using hydrogeologic settings,
U.S. EPA Report 600/2-85/018.
85