DHP Year 4 Physics Assignment 5

Magnetism & Electromagnetism

Magnetism
1a)
Like poles repel, but unlike poles attract.
1b)

1ci)

induced
magnet

ii)

Magnetic Induction

iii)

Electromagnets for separating magnetic materials from non-magnetic

materials, magnetic door catch, magnetic door stopper, magnetic paper clips
holder, fridge door,

2a)

The soft iron would be induced to become a magnet with its lower end being a
North pole hence attraction between soft iron and magnet takes place.

2b)

Iron is a soft magnetic material and almost all (some field lines may not reach
the iron) the magnetic flux will reach the iron to induce it into an
electromagnet. Since the cross section of the iron is the same as the original
magnet, the magnetic field strength (magnetic flux per unit area) at the other
end of the iron where the magnetic field exit is only slightly weaker than the
magnet (leakage). Hence the iron is able to attract almost the same number
of tacks.

2c)

As the magnet is moving away, less of magnetic flux is used to induce the iron
(leakage). Hence the iron gradually induced with weakening magnetic
strength. The tacks will fall off one-by-one until eventually the iron become too
weak to attract any tack. (note that even when the magnet is not in contact
with the iron but is near proximity, the iron may still be able to attract some
tacks due to magnetic induction).

2d)

The magnetic flied line pattern will not be affected much by the wood, since it
is a poor magnetic material (not much difference compare to the case of air).
Hence the magnetic field pattern is diverging once the field leave the pole of

DHS/Y4 2014/Physics Assignment 5/Magnetism & Electromagnetism

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the magnet. At the other end of the wood, it is a distance away from the
magnet and the field strength is much weaker due to lower concentration of
magnetic flux. Very few tacks can be attracted.
3a)

Invert one of the bar and if the two bars still attract, then one of the bar is iron
while another is a magnet. If repulsion occurs, then both bars are magnet.

3b)

Use one end of the first bar to move along the long side of the other bar from
one end to another. If the first bar experience stronger attraction at the two
ends and weaker attraction at the middle, then the first bar is the iron.
If constant attraction is experienced, then the first bar is the magnet.

4a, b)

ci)

If the nails are able to cause a deflection of the compass needle, they are still
magnetised.

cii)

Withdraw nail from solenoid along east-west direction while a.c. is still on
nail

*5a)

*5b)

*5c

Magnetic screening/shielding for sensitive navigation device

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Electromagnetism
6a)

6b)
The soft iron is magnetised with B being a north pole and A being a south
pole.

a)

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b)

wire carrying
a current
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wire carrying
a current
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magnetic
field
directed
into paper

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magnetic
field
directed
into paper

magnetic field directed into paper

beam of electrons

9
a, b, c)

soft iron
core
N

S
A

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10a)
N

10b) The forces are equal in magnitude and acts in opposite direction at the two
ends of the coil. These forces produce a moment (couple) about the axle and
cause the coil to rotate clockwise.
10c)
#1)

Increase the current in the coil. The magnetic field produced by a larger
current is stronger. This stronger magnetic field will interact more with the
existing magnetic field from the magnet to produce a larger resultant force,
and hence turning moment on the coil.

#2)

Increase the number of turns in the coil. The same current flows through each
turn of the coil and each turn will produce its own magnetic effect. This results
in a stronger magnetic field in the coil which will interact more with the
existing magnetic field from the magnet to produce a larger resultant force,
and hence turning moment on the coil.

#3)

Place a soft iron core within the coil. Soft iron core concentrate the magnetic
flux through the coil to produce a stronger magnetic field which will interact
more with the existing magnetic field from the magnet to produce a larger
resultant force, and hence turning moment on the coil.

#4)

Increase the distance between the two ends of the coil. With the same force
produced, a larger turning moment about the axle will be produce with a
larger moment arm.

11a, c)
C

S
A
B

11b) As the rotating coil ACDB passes the vertical, the split-ring commutator
changes contact with the brushes. This results in a reversal of the current in
the coil. Forces exerted on each side is still in the same direction and the coil
will continue to rotate in the same anti-clockwise direction.

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12ai, ii)

PP

Q
Q

12bi) The interaction of the magnetic fields due to the current in the coil and that of
the current in the solenoid result in a force between the coil and the solenoid.
The forces, acting on each side of the coil, are in opposite directions (the side
nearer to the solenoid is stronger). These forces create turning moments in
the anti-clockwise direction about the axis XY.
12bii) Due to the presence of the slip rings, the current in the coil flows in the same
direction even after the coil passes the vertical. The force on each side of the
coil causes the coil to remain in the vertical orientation. The coil may oscillate
a few times before coming to a stop at the vertical.

13a, ci)

bi)

Strength:
Direction:

No change
Opposite direction

bii)

Magnetic field lines are closer than before

cii)

The Law of Magnetism is used to determine the direction of force produced

on a wire with current placed in a magnetic field. The force produced moves
the wire in a direction to reduce the tension of the combined magnetic field.

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14ai)

Force acts vertically upwards

14aii) Magnetic field of the permanent magnet interacts with the magnetic field of
the current. A force is produced in the upward direction to move the wire from
the stronger to the weaker field in order to reduce the tension of the uneven
combined field
14bi) Force acts vertically upwards
14bii) Position of permanent magnets and direction of current remain unchanged.
The force produced on AB also remains vertically upwards so continuous
rotation is not sustained
14c)

Vertical force is only produced on AB when bottom half of wire makes contact
with clip. The force produced allows coil to rotate half a revolution but when
the insulator makes contact with clip, no current flows through. Continuous
rotation is sustained by the inertia

*15

d.c. motor depends on the momentum of its coil to overcome the cross-over
position. When near to the cross-over, there is little or no turning effect (force
x perpendicular distance) to enable the commutators to come into contact
with the carbon brushes again. Hence at low speed, and high load, the coil
may be stopped in the cross-over position because there is not enough force
to create a large enough turning moments to overcome the load at near
cross-over position.

*16

The torque (or turning effect) fluctuates. It is strongest when the coil plane is
parallel to the permanent magnets magnetic field and zero when the plane is
perpendicular to the magnetic field. With multiple poles, each set of coil is
activated at maximum torque position and cut off when the torque is still high
to allow another coil to be activated to continue operating at high continuous
torque so that the coil is kept rotating at relatively constant speed under
loaded conditions.

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