Chemical Sand Consolidation Trials (Shell)

Chemical Sand Consolidation Trials
PTECH CoP - Technical

Sharing Session and
Meeting#4 in Miri, 6-Sept2012
Lim Hwei Fung

Production Technologist
Copyright of Sarawak Shell Berhad
04 September 2012
Contents
SandAid
Non Resin based Chemical Treatment, SC2020
SandTrap ABC
04 September 2012
SandAid Trial
Zone 1 reservoir produced high

sand (>1000pptb)
D(50) 120-130micron
Well test (August 2008):
- Gross 1400bb/d, Net1000bopd
Last sand production record: 6

Feb09 with
- 9084.2 pptb
- 1854.8 pptb
- 2060.7 pptb
SandAid was pumped (May 2010)

into Zone 1 to consolidate the sand
Well-A
Perf:65ft
SandAid Chemical
Inner Salt of Very low Molecular weight Polymer that when added to
aqueous solutions coats rapidly any metal oxide or anionic substrate
like proppant, sand or coal
Alters the zeta potential of solid surfaces to the optimum range

(between -20 & +20 mV)
Creates an uneven or random charge distribution on the surface of

the solid particles.
Locations with high attraction (Van der Waals and electrostatic)

Locations with high electrostatic repulsion
Provides a strengthened attraction between the particles to optimally

align proppant, sand particles, fines or coal fines
SandAid Chemical
SandAid Treatment
SandAid Treatment
Injectivity test was done with brine NH4CL up to 5 bpm
Successfully pumped SandAid into the reservoir
Total brine pumped= 700bbls, total SandAid Pumped= 21.5bbls.
Spearhead (140bbls NH4CL), main treatment (261bbls NH4CL, 20bbls SandAid), Overflush (139bbls
NH4CL,1.5bbls SandAid), Final displacement (160bbls NH4CL)
Results
KN
110L
Well
A Flow Back
120
12000
100
10000
80
8000
60
6000
40
4000
20
2000
Pounds per thousand barrels (pptb)
Percentage (%)
40335.00
Time
Water
Oil
Sand up stream
Initial Brine flowed back was normal since this was the liquid that was pumped during the treatment process
Sand spike of 10,000 pptb reading was observed with unknown reason
Learning
The well was closed in due to sand production exceeding 15pptb

observed in more than 3 samples for the duration of 10 hours.
The Sand Aid clearly has done its job as was observed from the
sand that was produced. However, even at very low flow rates, still
massive amounts of sand were produced, so the sand free rate was
not increased.
HUD check on the LS show 120ft of sand accumulated after 3days

of flow back after SandAid treatment
Learning
According to vendor, this is one of the few wells they treated that this
happened. They do not have a good understanding why it happened
and they are not able to find out the root cause why it did not work.
Vendor did not see any value in laboratory testing or other studies to
confirm the root cause.
The interval length was only 65 ft and that was short enough for the
product to work, but unfortunately it did not.
Likely the sand has conglomerated (looking at the sand that comes
back), but even at low flow rates, the forces on the conglomerated
sand are too high and therefore the sand still comes to surface.
SC2020 Trial
Well B Zone 1 sanded up due to ESS

failure and it was closed in since
2007
Perforations interval of 486ft
Estimated locked in potential of

~150bopd
SC2020 was pumped (April 2010)

into Zone 1 to consolidate the sand
Well-B
SC2020
04 September 2012
10
SC2020 Chemical
SC2020 Treatment
Diesel spearhead reduces near well-bore region to residual Sw
Shut-in: reaction and polymerisation
Injection of Main Pill and placement
Controlled return to production
SC2020 Treatment
SC2020Treatment
Injectivity test was tested with brine NH4CL up to 5 bpm
Total Pre-flush pumped (diesel) = 307 bbls to reduce Swi (dewater near wellbore) .Total Main Pill Pumped
(6% of SC2020) = 329 bbls via LAS pump which have average rate of~5gal/min. Total Displacement
pumped = 30 bbls, Total Overall Fluid pumped = 666 bbls
After the treatment, the well was shut in for 24 hours.

Learning
April 2010
Some initial startup fluctuations, adjustments needed to find acceptable rate
Production of 500BPD reported
Historic PSD analysis from the well showed that 93% of the sand is larger than 100
micron.
After trial all sand passes through a 100 micron filter.
Positive response as it suggests bigger sand particles stopped
May 2010
Some sand peaks but production still at ~500BPD
July 2010
Gross production -315 bpd
Nett production -300 bpd, water cut 5-10%
Well is choked back, sand production below 15 pptb.
04 September 2012
14
Learning
December 2010
Some shift in HUD but well flowing about 150bopd
Now (August 2012)
Well still flowing about 260bopd
Successfully Executed
The well is producing since treatment but under controlled bean size
to keep sand production on surface <15pptb
04 September 2012
15
SandTrap ABC Trial
Well C Zone 1 was closed in

due to high sand production
as ESS failed.
The objective was to perform

sand consolidation treatment
on Zone 1, shut in for curing,
and flow back after minimum
72 hours curing time.
Well C 1st Treatment (No

Foam), 31st May 2011
Well C 2nd Treatment (with

50Q Nitrogen), 14th June
2011
Well-C
Perf:455ft
SandTrap ABC Trial
Well D Zone 1 was closed in

due to high sand production
as ESS failed.
Perforation interval~ 819ft
Well D Zone 1 SandTrap

ABC Treatment, 5th June
2011
Well-D
SandTrap ABC Chemical
SandTrap ABC is a dispersion of the internally catalyzed resin in an

aqueous based carrier. It requires only a preflush to displace
reservoir fluids and condition the formation. The properties of the
system cause the consolidating material to be placed very effectively
at contact sand grain points to provide significant improvements in
mechanical properties with minimal loss in permeability
SandTrap ABC Treatment
The SandTrap ABC treatments consisted of the following:-
Workstring Pickle
Injection Test
SandTrap ABC Treatment
- SandTrap ABC was bullheaded down the tubing in the stages of

Preflush I, Preflush II, SandTrap ABC main treatment, postflush and
displaced by Nitrogen. Well was shut in for 72-96 hours before open
up the well for flowback.
Well C Treatment Summary-1stTreatment, 31stMay 2011
Injectivity Test
- Filled up tubing 3% KCL, 28 bbls
- Step up rate to 3 bpm, max WH press observed 138 psi

- Start pump 5 bbls of SandTrap ABC
- Overflush& Displace with 3% KCL, 42 bbls
SandTrapABC Main Treatment
- Bullheaded treatment in below stages with no foam:

- 19 bblsof PreflushI (Solvent)
- 62 bblsof PreflushII (3% KCL)
- 62 bblsof SandTrap ABC

- 19 bblsof Postflush(3% KCL)
- 12,800 scf of Nitrogen displacement
Well C Zone-1 1st SandTrap ABC Treatment

Well
C SandTrap ABC Main Treatment
SF-31
31st May 2011
2000
1800
PreFlush I,
19 bbls
PreFlush II, 62 bbls
SandTrap
ABC, 62 bbls
PostFlush,
19 bbls
4.5
Pressure, psi / Nitrogen Rate, scf/min
1600
1400
3.5
1200
1000
2.5
Pump Rate,
bpm
Displace with
Nitrogen, 12800 scf
Annulus Pressure, psi

Wellhead Pressure, psi
Liquid Volume pumped,bbl
PreFlush I @
formation
800
PreFlush II @
formation
MATP,psi
2
Postflush @
formation
600
SandTrap
ABC @
formatio
400
200
1.5
0.5
0.0
2.8
5.5
8.2
11.0
13.8
16.5
19.3
22.0
24.7
27.5
30.2
33.0
35.7
38.5
41.2
44.0
46.7
49.5
52.2
55.0
57.7
60.5
63.2
66.0
68.7
71.5
74.2
77.0
79.7
82.5
85.2
88.0
90.7
93.5
96.2
99.0
101.7
104.5
107.2
110.0
Nitrogen Rate,scf/min
Pump Rate, bpm
Well C Treatment Summary-2ndTreatment, 11thJune 2011
InjectivtityTest
Filled up tubing 3% KCL, 28 bbls
Start injectivitytest, step up rate to 5 bpm, max WH press 361 psi
Start pump 15 bbls of foam 3% KCL with 50Q Nitrogen
Overflush& Displace with 3% KCL, 42 bbls
SandTrapABC Main Treatment
- Bullheaded treatment in below stages:

- 33 bblsof PreflushI (Solvent)
- 50 bblsof PreflushII (3% KCL) with 50Q foam (50%N2-50%liquid)
- 50 bblsof SandTrap ABC with 50Q foam

- 30 bblsof Postflush(3% KCL) with 50Q foam
- 17,700 scfof Nitrogen displacement
Well C Zone-1 2nd SandTrap ABC Main Treatment

Well
C Zone 1 SandTrap ABC Treatment with 50Q Nitrogen
SF-31
14 June 2011 SFJKT-B Otto-3
2600
2400
PreFlush I
PreFlush II
SandTrap ABC
(33 bbls)
(50 bbls)
(50 bbls)
Postflush N2
(30 bbls)
4.5
Displacement
(17,700scf )
Wellhead Pressure,psi
Pump Pressure,psi
2200
Nitrogen Rate, scf/min

MATP,psi
3.5
2000
1800
1600
SandTrap ABC reached

formation
Pump Stop.
compressor down.
2.5
Pressure, psi
Nitrogen rate, scf/min
1400
1200
1000
Pump Stop.
compressor down.
800
600
PreFlush I
reached
formation
400
Postflush
reached
formation
PreFlush II
reached
formation
1.5
0.5
200
0
0:00 0:12 0:16 0:18 0:25 0:30 0:35 1:02 1:05 1:10 1:13 1:16 1:20 1:22 1:25 1:29 1:34 1:39 1:44 1:49 1:55 2:00 2:04 2:09 2:11
Elapsed Time (hr: min)

Liquid Pump Rate, bpm
Pump Rate,bpm
Well D Treatment Summary

Injectivity Test
- Filled up tubing 3% KCL, 31 bbls
- Start injectivity test, step up rate to 1 bpm, max WH press observed
570 psi
- Start pump 5 bbls of SandTrap ABC
- Overflush & Displace with 3% KCL
SandTrap ABC Main Treatment
Bullheaded treatment in below stages with no foam:
- 10 bbls of Preflush I (Solvent)
- 26 bbls of Preflush II (3% KCL)
- 13 bbls of SandTrap ABC
- 8 bbls of Postflush (3% KCL)
- 13,240 scf of Nitrogen displacement
Well D Zone-1 Main Treatment

SF-33
Well
D SandTrap ABC Main Treatment
5th June 2011
1800
1600
PreFlush I,
10 bbls
PreFlush II, 26 bbls
SandTrap
ABC, 13 bbls
1.2
PostFlush,
8 bbls
Displace with
Nitrogen, 13240 scf
Stop Nitrogen
Pump
PostFlush @
Formation
Pressure,psi
1200
0.8
1000
800
ST ABC @
Formation
PreFlush I @
formation
0.6
Annulus Pressure.psi
600
0.4
200
0.0
3.3
6.5
9.8
13.1
16.4
19.6
22.9
26.1
29.4
32.7
35.9
39.2
42.5
45.7
49.0
52.3
55.5
58.8
62.1
65.3
68.6
71.9
75.1
78.4
81.7
84.9
88.2
91.5
94.7
98.0
101.3
104.5
107.8
111.1
114.3
117.6
120.9
124.1
127.4
130.7
Time, min
Pump Pressure, psi
MATP, psi
0.2
Wellhead Pressure,psi
Total fluid pumped, bbls
PreFlush II @
formation
400
Pump Rate, bpm
1400
Liquid Pump Rate, bpm
Post Job Well Test Monitoring
Well C
Date
Choke (/64")
Gross (bpd)
THP (psi)
FLP (psi)
CHP (psi)
GL rate (Mscfd)
Watercut (%)
Net (bopd)
GOR (scf/stb)
Sand pptb
21/06/2011 22/06/2011 25/06/2011 26/06/2011 27/06/2011 27/06/2011

10
10
10
10
10
10
94
292
418
357
405
427
416
94
93
100
96
101
102
475
514
477
466
455
453
0
16
55
22
45
78.96
128
217
15
271
175
700
Well D
Date
25/06/2011 26/06/2011 28/06/2011
Choke (/64")
30
30
30
Gross (bpd)
THP (psi)
240
108
316
FLP (psi)
98
95
108
CHP (psi)
512
533
565
GL rate (Mscfd)
Watercut (%)
65
gas
52
Net (bopd)
GOR (scf/stb)
Sand pptb
3
28/06/2011 29/06/2011 01/07/2011 02/07/2011 03/07/2011 04/07/2011

30
27
27
27
27
27
470
103
566
300
82
527
242
75
464
255
83
488
248
84
469
gas
gas
251
113
Learning Well C
Well C
1)
Well C: Well shut in for 3 days. Sanding out at choke size of

10/64.
2)
Sand fill log indicated that minimal sand fill material from
3115 3432 ft (upper Zone 1).
3)
The pre-job injectivity test also point towards good

connectivity with the formation.
4)
Due to the nature of long perforated interval (~455ft) or

various permeability distribution, the placement of ST ABC
could be unevenly distributed (even though foamed), causing
sand production from untreated interval.
Learning Well C
Possible Cause
1)
Production of sand from the leak point at 3262ft and or 3761

ft.
2)
Treatment may only flow through SSD which has larger ID

than the leak points
3)
Sand fill behind the leak point, especially the compact sand
zone (>3668 ft) which may not be treated adequately by ST
ABC and thus flow back to surface during the flowback test.
Learning Well D
Well D Zone-1
1)
Initial well test shows no sand produce on surface after the

curing period of 3 days.
2)
Sand produced at bean size of 30/60.
3)
Minimal sand production observed after bean down to 27/60.
4)
The compacted sand fill (indicated by low injectivity) receive

little or no resin treatment when the production rate
increases, some sand was dragged by the production to
surface.
5)
HUD check found that sand HUD covering the SSD.
Post Job Investigation

Well C Flowback Sand sample after 1st treatment
XRD MINERALOGY RESULT
Lost on ignition Test (LOI) RESULT

Samples were divided into 3 portion for testing.
Percentage of wt loss observed were, 0.925%, 0.900%, 0.913%.
Average Weight Loss obtained = 0.9126%
-typical 3% loss if is coated with SandTrap ABC
Test was conducted at 1000C (SandTrap burnt off point).
Summary of SandTrap ABC Application
X-ray diffraction indicated presence of dolomite.
Observed weight loss was due to decomposition of dolomite during

LOI test. Dolomite degradation happens at about 800 deg.C.
It can be concluded that the tested sand sample produced did not
come in contact with SandTrap ABC.
Review candidate selection:
preferably cased and perforated completion at the end of LS
Moderate sand production rate tubing is not filled with sand
Target treatment interval length:

- Short preferred
- Long (>10ft) foam treatment recommended for better placement
of resin treatment through diversion
Q&A

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Chemical Sand Consolidation Trials

PTECH CoP - Technical

Lim Hwei Fung

Copyright of Sarawak Shell Berhad

Non Resin based Chemical Treatment, SC2020

Copyright of Sarawak Shell Berhad

Zone 1 reservoir produced high

Well test (August 2008):

- Gross 1400bb/d, Net1000bopd

Last sand production record: 6

SandAid was pumped (May 2010)

Copyright of Sarawak Shell Berhad

Alters the zeta potential of solid surfaces to the optimum range

Creates an uneven or random charge distribution on the surface of

Locations with high attraction (Van der Waals and electrostatic)

Provides a strengthened attraction between the particles to optimally

Copyright of Sarawak Shell Berhad

Copyright of Sarawak Shell Berhad

Injectivity test was done with brine NH4CL up to 5 bpm

Successfully pumped SandAid into the reservoir

Total brine pumped= 700bbls, total SandAid Pumped= 21.5bbls.

Pounds per thousand barrels (pptb)

Copyright of Sarawak Shell Berhad

The well was closed in due to sand production exceeding 15pptb

HUD check on the LS show 120ft of sand accumulated after 3days

Copyright of Sarawak Shell Berhad

Copyright of Sarawak Shell Berhad

Well B Zone 1 sanded up due to ESS

Perforations interval of 486ft

Estimated locked in potential of

SC2020 was pumped (April 2010)

Copyright of Sarawak Shell Berhad

Copyright of Sarawak Shell Berhad

Diesel spearhead reduces near well-bore region to residual Sw

Shut-in: reaction and polymerisation

Injection of Main Pill and placement

Controlled return to production

Copyright of Sarawak Shell Berhad

Injectivity test was tested with brine NH4CL up to 5 bpm

After the treatment, the well was shut in for 24 hours.

Some initial startup fluctuations, adjustments needed to find acceptable rate

Production of 500BPD reported

After trial all sand passes through a 100 micron filter.

Positive response as it suggests bigger sand particles stopped

Some sand peaks but production still at ~500BPD

Gross production -315 bpd

Nett production -300 bpd, water cut 5-10%

Well is choked back, sand production below 15 pptb.

Copyright of Sarawak Shell Berhad

Some shift in HUD but well flowing about 150bopd

Now (August 2012)

Well still flowing about 260bopd

Copyright of Sarawak Shell Berhad

SandTrap ABC Trial

Well C Zone 1 was closed in

The objective was to perform

Well C 1st Treatment (No

Well C 2nd Treatment (with

Copyright of Sarawak Shell Berhad

SandTrap ABC Trial

Well D Zone 1 was closed in

Perforation interval~ 819ft

Well D Zone 1 SandTrap