9 - Lubricating Oils PDF

Dow Corning INTERNAL
Lubricating Oils
Sanjeev Kashikar
AETS India & Middle East
Hydrocarbon Oil Manufacturing and Oil

Properties
Crude Oils
Refining Process
API Groups
Synthetics
Base Oil Properties
Additives
Oil Applications
Molykote Oils
Crude Oils
Process of making hydro-carbon base oils begins with Crude
Oil
Crude compositions vary
Paraffinic
Naphthenic
Mixed Paraffinic and Naphthenic
Selection of Crude depends on desired finished product
Paraffins
Paraffins/Branched Paraffins are Wax like
Best for lubricants

Saturated molecules
High shear resistance
High load carrying capacity
Limited solvency
Paraffinics
Naphthenics and Aromatics

Naphthenics
Moderate lubricating molecules
Good additive solvency
Medium load carrying capacity
Naphthenics
Aromatics
Undesired Components
High volatility
High toxicity
Low load carrying capacity
Aromatics
Oil Refining
Process
Naphta and light Gas
Light Gas Oil

Heavy Gas Oil
Residuum
Hydroprocessing
Vacuum Distillation
Crude
Oil
Atmospheric Distillation
Kerosene
Hydrocracking
Hydrotreating
Solvent Refining
Acid Refining
Residuum (Asphalt)
6
Hydrofinisher
Catalytic Dewaxer
Hydrocracker
Reaction of vacuum distilled crude oil and

hydrogen at high temperatures
(> 500 C) and pressure
(> 70 bar) in presence of a catalyst
Contaminants are eliminated and
naphthenics and aromatics are converted
to paraffinics.
Conversion of paraffins to iso-paraffins to
improve low temperature characteristics
Hydrofinishing is used to make molecule
size more uniform and remove remaining
sulphur and aromatics
Vacuum Destillation
Hydroprocessing - Refining Process
Neutral
Oils
API Group Refining

Process
Crude
Oil
Atmospheric Distillation
Vacuum Distillation
Hydroprocessing
Hydrocracking
API Group II & III Base Stocks
Hydrotreating
API Group I & II Base Stocks
Solvent Refining
Acid Refining
API Group I Base Stocks
Residuum (Asphalt)
8
Refined Mineral Oil API Groups
Molykote Mineral Oils are hydroprocessed Group II and III

Molykote Synthetic Oils are Groups IV and V
Benefits of Molykote MO
Feature
Benefit
High Level of Saturates
Good Lubricity
Very Low Level of Aromatics
Low Volatility
(no change in viscosity)
Extremely Low Level of Polar

Components (N, S, O)
Very Low Water Emulsification
No Heavy Metals
Low Toxicity
Low Pour Point

High Viscosity Index
Broad Service Temperature

Range
High Oxidation Resistance
Long Lasting
10
Synthetic Oils
Production starts with synthetic base stocks often
produced from petroleum-based building blocks.
Man-made to have controlled molecular
structure with predictable properties.
Polyalphaolefin
Diester
Polyolester
Polyglycol
Silicone
11
Polyalphaolefines - PAO
Produced from raw material derived from crude oil and
polymerised to obtain different viscosities
Similar to mineral oils and thus compatible
Contains no S, P, Wax or Metals
High Viscosity Index (>> 100, typically >135)
Very Low Pour Point (< -30 C)
RCHCH2CH H
Excellent shear resistance
CH3
R
n
Excellent hydrolytic stability
Good oxidation and thermal stability
Low volatility
12
Diester - DE
Higher thermal and oxidation stability than MO

Unlimited miscibility with MO
O
O
Low pour point
ROCCH2COR
Low evaporation loss
n
Non toxic
Most esters are biological degradable
Available in low viscosity grades, only

Limited seal and paint compatibility
Limited hydrolytic stability
Very little corrosion protection
No H1 grades available
13
Polyolester - POE
Even higher thermal and oxidation resistance
than DE
Better seal compatibility than DE
Higher VI
Low volatility
Hydrolytic stability
Only lower viscosity grades
No H1 grades available
O
ROCCH2CCH2COR
CH2
COOR
14
Polyglycols - PAG
High VI: >>100, typically >150
Available water soluble and water insoluble types
Low volatility; forms no deposits at high
temperatures
Biodegradable
Good lubricity
Poor performance at low temperatures
Not compatible with MO
High cost - 6-8 times more than MO
RO-CH2-CH2OH
n
RO-CH-CH2OH
CH3
15
Silicones
Very high VI: >>300, typically >450

Many viscosity grades
Chemically inert
Non toxic
Low temperature flowability
Very high thermal and oxidation stability
High compressibility
Oxidation products are abrasive (SiO2)
Low surface tension
(does not form adherent lubricating films)
Poor AW properties
Poor additive response
CH3
CH3
H3CSi-OSi-CH3
CH3
n CH3
16
Molecular Hydrocarbon Chain Length

Distribution Mineral Oil vs. PAO
Mineral Oil
Polyalfaolefin
C5
C10
C15
C20
17
Solvent Refined Mineral Oil vs Hydro-treated

MO (Group I vs Group II and III)
65-75% saturated
hydrocarbon molecules
25-35% aromatics
13-15,000 ppm sulfur
150 ppm water
500-750 ppm water
bearing wear occurs
1500 ppm water
cloudy oil appearance
90%+ saturated
hydrocarbon molecules
Nil aromatics
saturated hydrocarbon
molecules
<10 ppm sulfur
150 ppm water
Water remains low over
oil life
18
Synthetic Base Oils Features and

Benefits
Feature
Benefit
Higher Flash Point
Improved fire resistance and thermal stability
Lower Pour Point
Improved low temp pumpability and lubrication
Oxidation Stability
Thermal Stability
Extended Oil Drain Intervals, Resists severe

conditions
Oil doesnt degrade or thicken at high temp.
High VI
Functions like a multigrade oil
Lower Friction
Reduced Energy Consumption
High Shear Strength
No viscosity thinning, unlike multigrade MOs
19
Synthetic Oil Benefits

HIGHER FLASH POINT: Use in high temp apps.
LOWER POUR POINT: Useful in low temp
applications.
LONGER LIFE
Increased Thermal and Oxidative Stability
BETTER WATER SEPARATION: Great for Food
Plants.
HIGH PURITY: Longer lasting, resists contamination.
STRONGER MOLECULES Reduce friction & resist
shear due to loading
SATURATED MOLECULAR STRUCTURE
INHERENT HIGH VISCOSITY INDEX: Consistent
viscosity over wide temperature ranges.
20
Synthetic Base Oils Limitations

Properties
Possible Disadvantages
High Cost
A synthetic base oil can cost 4-15 times more

than MOs
Some seals may shrink or swell with synthetic
base oils
Ester base synthetics may degrade in the
presence of water
Some synthetic base oils are not mixable in
other fluids (incompatible)
Seal Compatibility
Hydrolytic Stability
Mixability
21
Base Oil Comparison

TYPE
TEMPERATURE
ADDITIVE
ACCEPTANCE
RANGE (C)
VISCOSITY
INDEX
PLASTIC/RUBBER
COMPATIBILITY
BALLPARK
PRICING ($/LB)
Mineral
-35150
Excellent
Fair
Fair
<5
PAG
-45175
Excellent
Good
Good
<5
PAO
-60200
Good
Good
Very Good
5 - 10
Ester
-45200
Good
Good
Fair
10 - 20
Silicone
-75200
Poor
Excellent
Very Good
10 - 20
Fluorosilicone
-40250
Poor
Very Good
Excellent
50 - 75
PFPE
-60300
Poor
Fair
Excellent
75 - ?
22
Base Oil Physical Properties
Viscosity
Viscosity Index
Pour Point
Cloud Point
Freeze Point (Melt Point)
Flash Point
Fire Point
Color
Demulsibility
23
Viscosity
A measure of fluid's resistance to flow.

Describes fluid resistance to shear force.
Determined by molecular chain length
A fluid with high viscosity resists motion
because its molecular makeup gives it a
lot of internal friction.
A fluid with low viscosity flows easily
because its molecular makeup results in
very little friction when it is in motion
Measured in two ways
Dynamic (Constant Pressure Head)
Kinematic (Changing Pressure Head)
24
Kinematic viscosity
is measured based on the time required for
a given amount of fluid to flow through
a certified capillary while the pressure head
is allowed to drop
Units: Stokes (CGS Unit)
1 cSt = 10-2 cm2/s = 10-6 m2/s = 1 mm2/s
Units: Saybold Universal Seconds (SUS)
Time in seconds for 60 milliliters of oil to flow
through a standard orifice at a given temperature.
(ASTM Designation D88-56.)
Standard in (European) Oil Industry:

Kinematic Viscosity at 40C
(most common unit: mm2/s)
25
Kinematic Viscosity
Glass Capillary Tube Viscometer
Cannon Fenske Tube shown

Test at specified temperature.
Fill with fluid so bulb half full.
Draw sample up into tube.
Measure time from one bulb to next.
Multiply time by calibration factor
to get viscosity in cSt.
T1
T2
26
Dynamic viscosity (=Absolute

viscosity)
is measured based on the time required for
a given amount of fluid to flow through a
certified orifice under a constant pressure head
can also be measured by a shear disk
viscometer (e.g. Brookfield Rotating Disk Viscometer)
Units: Pas (MKS Unit)
1 mPas = 10-3 Pas = 10-3 kg/ms = 1 g/ms = 10-2 P(Poise)
Relationship to Kinematic Viscosity

Dynamic Viscosity = Kinematic Viscosity x Density
or mPas = cSt x g/cm3
27
Viscosity grades
Any of a number of systems which characterize lubricants
according to viscosity for particular applications, such as:
Industrial Oils
(ISO VG)
(AGMA)
Gear Oils
Automotive Engine Oils
(SAE Crankcase)
Automotive Gear Oils
(SAE Gear)
and others
28
Viscosity Classifications
29
ISO Viscosity grades - ISO VG
Reference Temperature: 40C (104F)

20 Grades in the range between 2 to 3200 mm2/s (cSt)
Definition: Midpoint viscosity at 40C +/- 10%
The viscosity of each grade should be approx. 50 % greater than that
of the preceding one
Typical Range
of Molykote
Industrial Oils
30
Viscosity Index
1000
Viscosity [cSt]
Viscosity Index (VI) = A

number indicating rate of
viscosity change across
a temp range.
Low VI indicates
relatively large change in
viscosity with
temperature.
High VI indicates
relatively small change in
viscosity with
temperature.
L-0115
L-0115FG
L-0122
L-0122FG
L-0132
L-0146
L-0146FG
L-0168
100
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
Temperature [C]
31
Pour Point
The Pour Point- the lowest
temperature an oil or distillate fuel is
observed to flow, when cooled under
conditions prescribed by test method
ASTM D 97.
The Pour Point is 3C (5F) above the
temperature at which the oil in a test
vessel shows no movement when the
container is held horizontally for five
seconds.
In other words, the lowest temperature
a fluid pours from a container
one indication of low temperature
capability
32
Cloud Point
Temperature when fluid begins to crystallize
due to freezing
Freeze Point (Melt Point)

Lowest temperature at which the fluid begins to transition to
liquid phase from solid (directionally dependent)
33
Flash Point
The Flash Point (Cleveland Open Cup)
is the temperature to which a combustible
liquid must be heated so that the released
vapor will burn for no more than 5 seconds
when ignited under specified conditions
In other words, the lowest temperature at
which the fluids vapors will ignite and burn
for at no more than five seconds
34
Fire Point
The Fire Point (Clevelend Open Cup)
is the temperature to which a combustible
liquid must be heated so that the released
vapor will burn continuously when ignited
under specified conditions
In other words, the lowest temperature at
which the fluids vapors will ignite and continue
to burn for at least five seconds
35
Flash/Fire Point Picture
36
Color
Color Scale of new lubricant is defined by ASTM
D1500
Determined by content of aromatics, sulfur, additives,
dyes, impurities
In-service lubricants change of the color may
indicate:
Oxidation acid forming from sulfur compounds
Thermal degradation air bubbles implosion, high
surface T
Contamination mixing of lubs, solid particles,
chemical process
37
Oil/Water Demulsibility
Demulsibility how fast is the ability of the oil to separate the
water
Test ASTM D1401 and D2711
Conventional
Mineral Oil
Oil phase
(< 500 ppm H2O)
Water phase
Mixing
5 min.
Oil phase
(> 1,000 ppm H2O)
Emulsion
Water phase
e.g. 39/39/2 (30)
Molykote
Mineral Oil
Mixing
5 min.
~ 54 C
(130 F)
Oil phase
(< 500 ppm H2O)
Water phase
Oil phase
(< 500 ppm H2O)
Water phase
e.g. 40/40/0 (1)

38
Additives
Enhance existing Base Oil Properties

Suppress Undesirable Base Oil Properties
Impart New Properties to Base Oils
Additives have synergies with each other
Additives deplete over time
Chemically Active or Bulk Oil

Additives
Anti-Oxidants
Demulsifier
Detergent/Dispersants
VI Improver
Pour Point Depressants
Chemically Inactive or Surface

Active Additives
EP Additives
AW Additives
Tackifier
Corrosion/Rust Inhibitor
39
Role of Additives
Additives
Purpose
How it works
Compounds used
Extreme Pressure
(EP)
Mitigate the effects

of high load
boundary lubrication
Reacts with surface under

heat & pressure to form
ductile films
Sulfur-phosphorous
compounds or solid
dispersions like Borate or
MoS2
Antiwear (AW)
Reduce friction and

wear from sliding
contact
Surface active materials

form low-shear strength
film between sliding
surfaces
Zinc dialkyldithiophosphate
(ZDDP),
Tricresylphosphate (TCP)
Corrosion Inhibitors
Reduce rust
formation on iron
surfaces
Additive is metallophilic
and hydrophobic. Coats
metal surfaces and rejects
moisture.
Long chain fatty acids,

Naphthalene sulphorates,
Phosphoric acid derivatives
Anti-Oxidants and
Oxidation Inhibitors
Inhibit reaction with

oxygen
Additive oxidizes in
preference to the oil by
seeking out free radicals
and peroxides.
Hindered Phenols,
Zinc dithiophosphates,
Aromatic Amines
40
Other Types
Additives
Bulk
Surface
Microbial
Interfacial
Chemical
Fungicide
Demulsifier
Antioxidant
Biocide
Dispersant
Detergent
Foam Inhibitor
Antistatic
Rheological
Pour Point
Depressant
VI Improver
EP/AW
Corrosion/Rust
Friction modifier
Metal deactivator
Tackifier
41
Additives in Molykote Industrial

Oils
Category of Oil Molykote
Product Series
Additive
Package
Gear Oils
L-11XXFG
L-21XX
R&O, AW
R&O, EP
Compressor Oils
Vacuum Pump
Oils
L-12XX
L-12XXFG
L-X6XX
R&O
Hydraulic Oils
Multi-Purpose Oils
L-X3XX
L-X3XXFG
L-05XXFG
R&O
AW
Chain Oils
L-X4XXFG
R&O, AW, T, PPD
Process Gas Oils
L-15XX
CI
R&O:
AW:
EP:
T:
PPD:
CI:
Rust and Oxidation

Antiwear
Extreme Pressure
Tackifier
Pour Point Depressant
Corrosion Inhibitor
42
Molykote Oils, Selections and

Applications
Molykote Nomenclature
Molykote Hydraulic Oils
Molykote Air Compressor Oils
Molykote Vacuum Pump Oils
Molykote Ammonia compressor Oils
Molykote Special Purpose Oils
Molykote Gear Oils
Molykote Chain Oils
43
Key Application and Product Factors

(L.E.T.S.)
Key Application Factors:
Load
Environment
Temperature
Speed
Key Product Factors

Viscosity
Compatibility
Base Oil Type
44
Molykote Nomenclature
L = Liquid
Molykote L-X X XX FG
L-X000 Base Oil
0 MO
1 PAO/or Blend
2 PAO
3 PAG
4 Esters
e.g. L-1246FG
PAO Base Ol
Compressor Oil
ISO VG 46
Complies with NSF H1
L-0X00 Application
1 Gear
2 Compressor
3 Hydraulic
4 Chain
5 Multi-purpose
6 Special purpose, Pumps
FG = Food Grade
(Comply with
NSF H1)
L-00XX ISO Viscosity Grade

Mid point Viscosity at 40C
[mm/s] in the Hundreds
45
Molykote Hydraulic Oils
46
Hydraulic Applications
Fluid used to transmit
power via pressure
developed by pump
Hydraulic Oils require
Rust & Oxidation
Additives
Viscosity is dictated
by the pump type
47
Molykote Synthetic Hydraulic Oils:

Synthetic Blend Products:
L-1332, L-1346, L-1346FG, L-1368FG
PAO/ Hydro Cracked Mineral Oil Blends

ISO 46 and 68
H-1 in both viscosity grades
H-2 in ISO 46
All products contain R&O add package
Limited AW Performance
Limit on system operating pressure is 1000 psi
48
Molykote Air Compressor Oils
49
Molykote Rotary Screw Air Compressor Oil

Comparison Study
Viscosity Increase, %
Molykote Synthetic PAO Compressor Oil can exceed competitive

synthetic PAOs by 40%
Provides 5x oxidative life over R&O mineral oils
140
Discharge 220-230F
Ambient 120-130F
Pressure 100 PSIG
120
R&O
Turbine
Diester
MO
Molykote
PAO L-1246
PAO-1
PAO-2
100
ATF
80
60
Oil oxidative
failure
40
20
0
0
250
500
750 1000 1250 1500 1750 2000 2250 2500 2750 3000
Time
50
Compressor Oils: Our Most Proven Oils

Can be used in:
Reciprocating (Piston)
Rotary Compressors
Helical-Lobed (Screw)
Straight-Lobed (Blowers)
Rotary-Lobe
Vane
Liquid Piston
Centrifugal
51
Molykote Compressor Oils

Hydrocarbon based R&O oils for rotary
compressors
PAO
L-1232, L-1232FG, L-1246, L-1246FG, L-1268, L-1210
(ISO 32-100)
Used in 90% of compressor applications

Also used for rotary vacuum pumps and
centrifugal pump applications
52
Rotary Screw Compressors

L-3232 and L-3246 (PAG/ POE Blends)
Cross For Sullube 32, IR Ultracoolant

Very High Viscosity Index
Oxidation Products Are Soluble
Very Low Volatility
Not suitable For Hydrocarbon Gas
L-3232 is Green, L-3246 is Translucent Clear
53
Rotary Screw Compressors

High Temperature Applications
L-4646 High Temp Compressor Oil
100% POE- exceptional thermal stability
Oxidation products are soluble so they wont form deposits
such as sludge and varnish
When discharge temps begin to creep over 200 F
10,000+ hour service life @ 210 F
POE has up to 4X life of diesters commonly used for high temp
applications
86% biodegradable by CEC L-33-T-82
54
Molykote Process Gas Oils

L-1568- ISO 68 PAO Oil
L-1510- ISO 100 PAO Oil
Will not form deposits, sludge
Many years of successful use within DC
Suitable for compressors and vacuum pumps

Improved corrosion protection
Do NOT contain anti oxidant additives
Restricted to use where O2 is <= 2% of gas stream
55
Reciprocating Compressors
L-4610 Primary Recommendation
ISO 100 blend of diester and hydro cracked mineral oil with
R&O + AW Add Pac
Why diester? Valve deposits and recompression
Limitation on temperature, pressure: Not much over 275F, <
145 psi
L-0268 has been used as crankcase and cylinder lube in

piston compressors
56
Refrigeration Compressor Oils
L-0668 Ammonia Refrigeration Comp. Oil
Only Solvent Refined (Napthenic) Product

Contains No Additives
Direct Offset To Texaco Capella P-68
OK With R-12, R-22
L-0660 PS Ammonia Refrigeration Comp. Oil
ISO 68 Hydro Cracked Mineral Oil

OK With R-12
Not Miscible With R-22- Do Not Use With R-22
Contains Pour Point Depressant
57
Vacuum Pumps
L-1668FG Synthetic Blend Vacuum Pump Oil
H-1 ISO 68 MO/ PAO Blend With R&O Add Pac
Can Be Used In Compressors Too
Cousin to L-1240FG
L-0610 Vacuum Pump Oil

H-2 ISO 100 MO With R&O Additive Package
Also A Compressor Oil
Cousin to L-0246
Again, dont forget rotary compressor oils for

vacuum pump applications
58
Compressor Severe Conditions
Severe conditions degrade lubricating fluid

ENEMIES OF OIL: AIR AND HEAT
Both are present in air compressors!!
Therefore, most air compressors require high performance
synthetic lubricating fluids
Oxidation attacks oil molecules
Air under pressure increases reactivity of oil to oxidation
Elevated temperature accelerates chemical reactivity
Superior additive technology NEEDED!!!
59
Molykote Compressor Oils
Molykote L-1232FG
Molykote L-1246FG
Molykote L-1668FG
Molykote L-1232
Molykote L-1246
Molykote L-1268
Molykote L-1210
Molykote L-4611
Superior AO additive
Extra long service life
> 8,000 h @ 90C for H2
> 4,000 h @ 90C for H1
conventional mineral oils cost less, but
useful lifetime ranges from 500-1500 hr
Synthetic base oils (PAO)
Extremely low water emulsification
Can be used in Vacuum Pump applications
Suitable for rough vacuums (760 torr 1
torr) and medium vacuum application
(down to 10-3 torr)
60
Molykote Gear Oils
61
Gear Applications
Slow Speed-Boundary Lubrication

Heavy Loads-Boundary
Lubrication
High Speeds-Hydrodynamic
Low Loads-Hydrodynamic
62
Gear Types
Spur
Bevel
Helical
Worm
Hypoid
63
Gear Oils
Synthetic PAOs
ISO 150, 220, 320, 460, 680
FG in all viscosities except 320 and 680
L-1115, L-1115FG, L-1122, L-1122FG, L-1132, L1146, L-1146FG, L-1168
Synthetic Extreme Pressure (EP)
ISO 100, 150, 220, 320, 460, 680
L-2110, L2115, L-2122, L-2132, L-2146, L-2168
64
Benefits of Synthetic Gear Oils

Improved efficiency (reduced energy
consumption) due to reduced friction losses
Oil change intervals three to five times longer
than mineral oils operating at the same
temperature
Reduced Cost for machine down-times
Reduced Cost for disposal of used oil
Reduced operating temperatures under full load

Increased component life
Cooling systems may not be required
65
Molykote Chain Oils
66
Chain Applications
Pin and Roller
lubrication required
Boundary,
Hydrodynamic & EHL
depending on speed
& load
67
Chain Oils
L-1468FG Freezer Chain Oil
ISO 68 PAO
Very Low Pour Point
Not Just For Freezers- PAO Can Hack Elevated Temps
Too
Tacky Products. Good for where oil control is

necessary- Overhead conveyors, Air-line lube
where mist control is important
68
Chain Oils
L-1428 High Temp Chain Oil
Polyol Ester and Synthetic Hydrocarbon

Viscosity of 280 cst @ 40 C
H-2
Will not form carbon deposits
Will not smoke or give off odor
Suitable for use up to 400 F
Chains as well as Bearings
Bakery Ovens, Tenter frame, Curing ovens
C-40 High Temp Chain Lubricant

PAG Base oil with Graphite Additive
69
Molykote Oil Range Chain Oils

In general
Low viscosity of base oil allows good penetration into chain links
Unique tackifier additive promotes adherence to metal without

thickening oil
Do not emulsify with water
Top Product L-1428
POE based
Suitable for high temperature application
Does not create carbon residue as petroleum products
Old range S-15xx
mixture of synthetic base oils, used for high T applications
70
Molykote Chain Oils

Molykote L-1468FG
PAO
extremely low pour point
conveyors in frozen food area
Molykote L-0460FG
Multipurpose MO
Molykote L-1428
POE
High temperature applications
Does not form carbon residue
as petroleum products
+
Low viscosity of base oil allows
good penetration into chain links
Unique tackifier additive
promotes adherence to metal
without thickening oil
Do not emulsify with water
71
Molykote Chain Oils
Molykote S-1501
Molykote S-1502
Molykote S-1503
Molykote CO 220
Do not fit to the NEW nomenclature

Mixture of synthetic base oils
High temperature applications
200 - 250C
Contain solid lubricants
72
Special Purpose Fluids

L-1605FG Synthetic Barrier Fluid
H-1 ISO 5 PAO Contains No Additives At All
FG Penetrating Oil
L-4640 Synthetic Compressor Flush Fluid

H-2 ISO 46 100% Diester With R&O Add Pac
Recommended For Screw Compressors
Viscosity too Low For Vane and Piston Compressors
Has Been Used In Gearboxes and Hydraulics

Run Gears Unloaded
73
Multi-Purpose Oils
L-0532FG, L-0568, L-0510FG, L-0510
All MO Products Suitable For Many Applications Including
Compressors
All Contain R&O + AW Additive Packages
Suitable For Hydraulics, But Should Only Be Used In Lightly
Loaded Gears
L-0532FG
Primary Air-Line Lube Recommendation
74
Tools of the Trade
Product selector guide

www.dowcorning.com
www.molykote.com
75
THANK YOU
The information provided in this presentation does not constitute a contractual commitment by Dow Corning. While Dow Corning
does its best to assure that information contained in this presentation is accurate and fully up-to-date, Dow Corning does not
guarantee or warranty the accuracy or completeness of information provided in this presentation. Dow Corning reserves the right
to make improvements, corrections and/or changes to this presentation in the future.
76

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Hydrocarbon Oil Manufacturing and Oil

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Selection of Crude depends on desired finished product

Dow Corning INTERNAL

Best for lubricants

Dow Corning INTERNAL

Naphthenics and Aromatics

Dow Corning INTERNAL

Light Gas Oil

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Reaction of vacuum distilled crude oil and

Hydroprocessing - Refining Process

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API Group Refining

API Group II & III Base Stocks

API Group I & II Base Stocks

API Group I Base Stocks

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Refined Mineral Oil API Groups

Molykote Mineral Oils are hydroprocessed Group II and III

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High Level of Saturates

Very Low Level of Aromatics

Extremely Low Level of Polar

Very Low Water Emulsification

Low Pour Point

Broad Service Temperature

High Oxidation Resistance

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Higher thermal and oxidation stability than MO

Available in low viscosity grades, only

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Very high VI: >>300, typically >450

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Molecular Hydrocarbon Chain Length

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Solvent Refined Mineral Oil vs Hydro-treated

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Synthetic Base Oils Features and

Higher Flash Point

Improved fire resistance and thermal stability

Lower Pour Point

Improved low temp pumpability and lubrication

Extended Oil Drain Intervals, Resists severe

Functions like a multigrade oil

Reduced Energy Consumption

High Shear Strength

No viscosity thinning, unlike multigrade MOs

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Synthetic Oil Benefits

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Synthetic Base Oils Limitations

A synthetic base oil can cost 4-15 times more

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Base Oil Comparison

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