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1. Nemo Drive Test on 2G/3G Networks Toha Ardi Nugraha

Trainer at Expert Coaching Clinic

2. Network Optimization Process

3. Reason of Drive Test?1. Network Performance Monitoring2.

Maintenance3. Benchmarking4. Customer Complains

4. Module 1 : Overview 3G System (1 hour) Module 2 : Drive

Test Concept (1,5 hour) Module 3 : Drive Test on Field (2,5 hour) Module
4 : Reporting (2 hour) Module 5 : Analysis (2 hour)

5. Module 1OVERVIEW 3G SYSTEM

6. Data Transmission

7. GSM & UMTS Evolution

8. 3G/UMTS Architectures (Migration)

9. Specification of GSM Frequency band : Uplink 890 915 Mhz

Downlink 935 960 Mhz Duplex spacing : 45 Mhz Carrier spacing : 200
khz Modulation : GMSK Access method : FDMA / TDMA

10. GSM network Architecture (contd) 3 Subsystem in GSM

network - BSS (Base Station Subsystem) - NSS (Network and Switching
Subsystem) - OSS/OMC (Operating and Support system or Operating and
Maintenance Centre)

11. GSM network Architecture (contd)BSS (Base Station

SubSystem) BTS (Base Transceiver Station) - Radio equipment - To
transmit and Receive signal to MS - Defined a Cell coverage depend on

the power transmit BSC (Base Station Controller) - RRM for several BTS Handover management TRAU - Rate adaption
12. GSM network Architecture (contd)NSS (Network and

Switching Sub System) MSC (Mobile Switching Centre) HLR (Home

Location Register) VLR (Visitor Location Register) AuC (Authentication
Center)

13. GSM network Architecture (contd)Operation and Support

System Control and Monitor the Network - NMC (Network Management
Centre) - Some OMC are controlled by NMC - OMC (Operation and
Maintenance Centre)

14. GSM Frequency Bands Frequency Band GSM type Uplink (UL)
Downlink (DL)GSM 900 890-915 Mhz 935-960 MhzGSM 1800 (DCS 1800)
1710-1785 Mhz 1805-1880 MhzGSM 1900 (PCS 1900) 1850-1910 Mhz
1930-1990 Mhz

15. GSM Channelization Physical Channel 200 Khz (Frequency

Carrier) consist of 8 TS Logical Channel Control Channel Traffic
Channel Control Traffic Channel Channel

16. GSM channelization (Contd) Logical channel Chontrol Traffic

Channel Channel Common DedicatedBroadcast Control Control Full Rate
Half rate channel Channel Channel

17. 3G/UMTS Concept WCDMA Concept UMTS Architecture

Channelization Handover

18. WCDMA - Wideband CDMA Radio access technology for one

of the UMTS access modes (UTRA FDD) using 5 MHz duplex channels.
Frame length is of 10 msec, Chip rate is 3.84 Mcps All users share the
same frequency and time domain Users separated by the codes

19. UMTS Radio Frequency Ranges FDD (Frequency Division

Duplex) TDD (Time Division Duplex)

20. Channelization in UMTS Logical Channel between RLC and

MAC Specific for information types What type of data to be transferred
Transport channel between MAC and PHY Specific for how to transfer
information? (quality guarantee) How and with which type of
characteristic the data is transferred by the Physical Layer Physical
Channel Exact Physical characteristics of the radio channel

21. WCDMA Channel (Cont.s) Spreading means increasing the

signal bandwidth Spreading includes two operations Channelization
(increases signal bandwidth) Orthogonal Spreading Scrambling (does
not affect the signal bandwidth) Use pseudo-noise codes

22. Handover Concept BSC Handover Req Handover

Acknowledge Request Handover Req Handover Req Acknowledge
Acknowledge Handover Handover command Complete Handover Request
Posisi 2Site B Posisi 1 Site A Posisi 3

23. Handover: Types (2G) Intracell handover MS moves from

one sector to another sector within same cell IntraBSC handover MS
moves from cell to another cell within same BSC IntraMSC handover MS
moves from cell to another cell from different BSC within same MSC
InterMSC handover MS moves from cell to another cell from different
BSC and different MSC

24. Handover: Types (3G) Intra-System handovers Intrafrequency handovers Soft, Softer Inter-frequency handovers Hard
Inter-System handovers Handover between WCDMA <> GSM (Hard)
Handover between WCDMA/FDD <> TDD (Hard)

25. Pilots SetThe handset considers pilots in sets Active : pilot of

sector actually in use Candidate : pilots mobile requested, but not yet set
up & transmitting by system Neighbors: pilots told t mobile by system, as
nearby sectors to check Remaining: any pilots used by system but not
already in the other sets

26. Soft Handover Algorithm T T TMeasurement Quantity

CPICH 1 As_Th + As_Th_Hyst AS_Th AS_Th_Hyst As_Rep_Hyst
CPICH 2 CPICH 3 Time Event 1A Event 1C Event 1B Cell 1
Connected Add Cell 2 Replace Cell 1 with Cell 3 Remove Cell 3

27. Module 2DRIVE TEST CONCEPT

28. Network Environment UMTS Drive Test is testing and

measuring performance of 3G/UMTS network. Tools : 1. Software Nemo
Outdoor 2. PC laptop 3. GPS 4. Scanner

29. Reason of Drive Test? Network Performance Monitoring

Maintenance Benchmarking Customer Complains

30. Continuous Drive Test Drive Test (outdoor) GPS Walk Test
(indoor) Pin point/way point

31. Analyze Data Collection Analyze data that was collected

before (from Log files) To know some problems in current area

32. Reporting To Answer Analyze Data Collection (Objective

Answer) Optimization Consideration Recommendation

33. Parameters DT GSM1. Rx Level2. Rx Qual3. SQI4. Cell Id,

BSIC5. TA (Timing Advance)6. ARFCN, etc

34. Parameters DT UMTS UARFCN (UMTS Absolute Radio

Frequency Channel Number) RSCP (Receive Signal Code Power) RSSI
(Receive Signal Strength Indicator) SC (Scrambling Code) Ec/No UE
TxPower (dBm) Throughput BER, etc

35. Open Device Manager Step 1: Start >Settings> Control

Panel > SystemOr My Computer > Manage > Device Manager
Step 2: Choose Hardware Tab in System Properties > Click Device
Manager.

36. Open Device Manager Step 3 : Look port to conect hardware

(Modem) Scanner/GPS & Check COM Ports

37. Connect UE & Check COM Ports Double click the 3G

Modem to check Trace port number > Check under Modem Tab. For UE
Modem: In device manager view:

38. Start Nemo Outdoor 5.07 and Load Workspace Make sure the
Nemo dongle is connected to the laptop. Launch Nemo Outdoor 5.07.
Load the desired workspace. Workspace should contains adequate
information for the user to monitor. Different workspace should be created
for different setup configuration. Nemo workspace are stored proper folder
for easy access, eg. C:Nemo ToolsNemo OutdoorWorkspaces

39. Running ProgramStart >Program Files > Nemo Tools > Nemo
Outdoor 5 Workspace Details Device Configuration Load a
measurement

40. User Interface Nemo Outdoor 5 Device graph Worksheet

41. Load Workspace Step 3: Browse to Nemo Workspace Folder

-> Select workspace > Click Open.

42. Create Workspace Parameter

43. Add Devices Step 1: Go to Measurement workspace > Add

New Device. Step 2: Click the Configuration part > Trace port and
Modem port

44. Nemo Interface Map Interface Open map (.tab) Nemo

logfiles and other files are stored proper folder for easy access, eg.
C:Nemo ToolsResults (.nmf)

45. Module 3DRIVE TEST ON FIELD (OUTDOOR)

46. Module 4REPORTING

47. Map Info Exporting from Nemo Outdoor Select Parameters

Reporting KPI with Map Info Layer Control Symbol Create Thematic
Map Define Network Performance Open Table

48. Export to Map Info

49. Select Parameters

50. Report KPI With Mapinfo KPI (Key Performance Indicator) :

key to detemaint Network performance. like as , RSCP, Ec/No, etc Mapinfo
is Software for loading and mapping geogharphic analysis File > open file
(chose file extention .tab) Ex : bandung.tap Used Layer control

51. Open Log files Example file (.tab)

52. Layer Control Command: View Edit

53. Create Symbol

54. Create Thematic Map

55. Create Thematic Map (Cont.s)

56. Create Thematic Map (Cont.s)

57. Reporting with Map Info

58. Open Table

59. Module 4ANALYSIS (TUNING THE NETWORK)

60. UMTS Optimization 3 Mayor Steps in Optimizing Network

UMTS performance indicator Problem Signature Tuning network
Specific Neighbor list Managing excessive soft handoff

61. 3 Mayor Steps in Optimizing Network RF optimization is the

process of measuring, analyzing, and tuning and existing network to meet
network performance criteria It usually occurs after the network planning is
completed It can be performed frequently to respond: Changes or

growth in the network Customer complaints such as coverage, dropped

call etc. The need to improve capacity.

62. UMTS Performance IndicatorKPI Target : RSCP (good > -85

dBm) Ec/No ( > -8 dB) BER (98%) Analyze Pilot Pollution Area
Drop Call Rate (DCR) HSR (Handover Success Rate) Call Setup
Success Rate (CSSR)

63. Problem Signature Missing Neighbor or No Neighbors defined

for Site. (Database) Poor Coverage Area. Pilot Pollution Area

64. Poor Coverage Area Test mobile measurements Antenna

configuration check Verification of RF network design Propagation model
verification Link budget analysis

65. Improving coverage Cell spliting, Sectorisation Difficult ,

Expensive Primarily used for capacity enhancement Overlaid cell
structure Micro- and picocells Cellular repeaters RNC Node B Node B
Node B Node B

66. Pilot Pollution Active set UE > 3 and in range 5 dB or

approximately 3 dB from the biggest active set. Reduce system
performance,

67. Antenna Fine Tuning Horizontal plane Possible coverage

weakness between sector Interference reduction Traffic load
distribution Vertical Plane Interference reduction Possible coverage
weakness in the short to medium distance range Traffic load distribution

68. Tuning the NetworkSolution (Antenna Adjustments)Include :

Down tilting Antenna Height Azimuth Type of antennaReason of
Down tilting: 1 Reduce interference 2 Optimizing cell

69. Antenna Configuration General points to check antenna

type, e.g. omni directional 60, 90 or 120 degrees electrical downtilt
antenna azimuth angle (for directional antenna) coverage targets

antenna tilt angle electrical + mechanical diversity & isolation e.g.

space diversity, polarisation diversity

70. Type Antenna Down tilt Mechanical down tilt Physic, Sectoral
Electrical down tilt Easy 0 0 Electrical Mechanical

71. Typical antenna beam pattern

72. Omni vs. Sectorised OMNI cells - more difficult to optimize

Electrical down tilt possible, however same for entire cell Parameters
same for entire cell Directional antenna narrower beam easier to control
interference tilting less efficient with wider beams Sectorised cell site with
different downtilt angles

73. Reference Short Course In Building DCS 1800 Coverage,

Mobile Communication Laboratory, 2009 Short Course Drive Test UMTS,
Mobile Communication Laboratory, 2008 Short Course Drive Test CDMA
2001x and Optimization, Mobile Communication Laboratory, 2008 Short
Course CDMA Drive Test and Optimization, Antenna Laboratory, 2007
Nemo_Outdoor_manual

74. Thanks