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INTRODUCTION
Fig 2. Diode characteristic curve.
I D =I s (e
VD
nV T
1)
Eq. 1
Where
I D : Diode current.
I s : Diode saturation current.
V D : Diode voltage.
n : Emission coefficient. Dependent of the diode
V T : Thermal voltage.
The thermal voltage is approximately 25.85mV at
300K, this temperature is closer to the ambient
temperatura, widely used in circuit simulation
V T=
kT
q
Eq. 2
Where
Summing amplifier
This amplifier has more than one input and its output is
equal to the sum of the inputs.
Operational Amplifier
This kind of amplifier is an integrated circuit used for
perform math operations like addition, subtraction,
integration and derivation. Its symbol is shown in the figure
1
Eq. 3
R is the resistance value of each entry, which must be
equal.
Averager
Eq. 4
Non-inverting amplifier
V out = Aln(V )
Eq. 7
Fig. 6 Non-inverting amplifier.
Eq. 5
Inverting amplifier
VD
is logarithmic,
V out
I1 =
V
R1
Eq. 6
I D =I s (e
REPORT'S DEVELOPMENT
In addition to the previous configurations for the op amp,
exists two other configurations, these configurations will be
analized in the report. the configurations are the
logarithmic and antilogarithmic amplifiers.
Logarithmic amplifier
VD
VD
nV T
1)
I 1 =I D
V out =0V D=V D
Then
V
=I (e
R1 s
V out
nV T
V
+1=e
R1 I s
1)
V out
nV T
I1 =
V out
V
=ln
+1
nV T
R1 I s
V out =nV T ln
V
+1
R1 I s
0V out
Rf
I Q =I EBO e
Eq. 7
V out =R f I 1
, so
V BE
nV T
I 1 =I Q
V BE
V out
=I EBO e nV 1
Rf
V out =R f I EBO
(e
V BE
nV T
Eq. 8
Antilogarithmic amplifier
Antilog of a number is the result obtained when the base is
raised to a power equal to the logarithm of that number.
REFERENCES
[1]
Thomas L. Floyd, Dispositivos Electrnicos, Octava Edicin, PearsonEdu
cacin; Mxico 2008
CONCLUSIONS
- Operational amplifiers have wide range of applications
according to how this is set to give a variety of operations
and results.
-Depending on how the diode is connected in the circuit
(logarithmic or antilogarithmic), we can obtain a positive
output voltage or a negative one.
- The selection of active and passive components (resistors,
diodes, transistors, etc.) is very important and depends on
how you will design the circuit.