Structure and Properties

of Organic Molecule
By: Isman Kurniawan

Friday, June 13, 14

Wave Properties of
Electrons in Orbitals
The orbital can be described by its wave

Friday, June 13, 14

function, which is the mathematical

description of the shape of the wave as it
vibrates.
Guitar string analogy
for 1s orbital.

Wave Properties of
Electrons in Orbitals

Friday, June 13, 14

Wave Properties of
Electrons in Orbitals
Guitar string analogy for 2p

Friday, June 13, 14

Wave Properties of
Electrons in Orbitals

Friday, June 13, 14

Molecular Orbital

Friday, June 13, 14

Molecular Orbital
The hydrogen molecule; sigma bonding
The bonding that has most of its electron
density centered along the line
connecting the nuclei.

The 1s wave functions can add

constructively so that they reinforce

each other, the result is a bonding
molecular orbital.

Friday, June 13, 14

Molecular Orbital

Friday, June 13, 14

Molecular Orbital
The hydrogen molecule; sigma bonding
The 1s wave functions can add

destructively so that they cancel out

where they overlap, the result is a
antibonding molecular orbital.

Friday, June 13, 14

Molecular Orbital

Friday, June 13, 14

Molecular Orbital
The hydrogen molecule; sigma bonding
Relative energies of atomic and molecular
orbitals

Friday, June 13, 14

Molecular Orbital
Sigma overlap involving p orbitals
Overlap between two p orbitals

Friday, June 13, 14

Molecular Orbital
Sigma overlap involving p orbitals
Overlap between s orbital and p orbital

Friday, June 13, 14

Pi Bonding
A pi bond results from overlap between

two p orbitals oriented prependicular to

the line connecting the nuclei.

Friday, June 13, 14

Pi Bonding

Friday, June 13, 14

Pi Bonding
Single and double bonds
A double bond requires the presence of
four electrons in the bonding region.

The first pair of electrons goes into the

sigma bonding.

The second pair of electrons goes into a

pi bonding.

Friday, June 13, 14

Pi Bonding
Single and double bonds

Friday, June 13, 14

Hybridization and
Molecular Shapes

Valence-shell electron-pair repulsion theory

(VSEPR theory)

Friday, June 13, 14

Hybridization and
Molecular Shapes

sp hybrid orbitals

Friday, June 13, 14

Hybridization and
Molecular Shapes
sp hybrid orbitals
BeH molecule
2

Friday, June 13, 14

Hybridization and
Molecular Shapes

Friday, June 13, 14

sp2 hybrid orbitals

Hybridization and
Molecular Shapes
sp2 hybrid orbitals

BH

Friday, June 13, 14

molecule

Hybridization and
Molecular Shapes

Friday, June 13, 14

sp3 hybrid orbitals

Hybridization and
Molecular Shapes

Friday, June 13, 14

sp3 hybrid orbitals

CH

molecule

Hybridization and
Molecular Shapes

Friday, June 13, 14

Drawing 3D Molecules
Shorthand notation to simplify 3D drawings

Friday, June 13, 14

Exercise
Predict the hybridiziation, draw a picture of
the 3D structure, and predict the bond
angles

1. NH3
2. C2H2
3. CH3CHO

Friday, June 13, 14

Bond Rotation
Rotation of single bonds

Friday, June 13, 14

Bond Rotation
Rigidity of double bonds

Friday, June 13, 14

Bond Rotation
Rigidity of double bonds

Friday, June 13, 14

Polarity of Bonds and

Molecules

Bond dipole moments

Friday, June 13, 14

Polarity of Bonds and

Molecules
Molecular dipole moments

Friday, June 13, 14

Polarity of Bonds and

Molecules
Molecular dipole moments

Friday, June 13, 14

Intermolecular Forces
The effect of intermolecular forces
Melting points
Boiling points
Solubilities

Friday, June 13, 14

Intermolecular Forces
Dipole-dipole force

Friday, June 13, 14

Intermolecular Forces
The London dispersion force

Friday, June 13, 14

Intermolecular Forces
The London dispersion force

Friday, June 13, 14

Intermolecular Forces
The London dispersion force

Friday, June 13, 14

Intermolecular Forces
Hydrogen bonding
A hydrogen atom can participate in
hydrogen bonding if it is bonded to
oxygen, nitrogen, or flourine.

Friday, June 13, 14

Intermolecular Forces
Hydrogen bonding

Friday, June 13, 14

Exercise
Rank the following compounds in order
of increasing boiling points. Explain the
reasons for your chosen order.

Friday, June 13, 14

Friday, June 13, 14

Polarity Effects on
Solubilities
The general rule : like dissolves like

Polar solute + polar solvent = dissolve

Nonpolar solute + nonpolar solvent =

dissolve

Nonpolar solute + polar solvent = does

not dissolve

Polar solute + nonpolar solvent = does

not dissolve

Assignment
1. For each of the following compounds,
a. Give the hybridization and approximate
bond angles around each atom except
hydrogen
b. Draw a 3D diagram, including any lone
pairs of electrons

Friday, June 13, 14

NH2NH2 & CH3COOH

Assignment
2. Predict whether the compound will have a
large (>1D), small, or zero dipole moment.

Friday, June 13, 14

Assignment

Friday, June 13, 14

Submit in pdf file with appropriate format/

layout

Deadline : 18 June 2014

Quiz
Quiz 1 and 2
14 June 2014

Friday, June 13, 14