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Irregular Verbs www.proesl.com

First Form Base Form
bet
bid
broadcast
burst
cast
cost
cut
fit
forecast
hit
hurt
knit
let
proofread
put
quit
read
rid
set
shed
shut
spit
split
spread
sweat
thrust
upset
wet

Second Form Past

It doesn't change.
bet
bid
broadcast
burst
cast
cost
cut
fit
forecast
hit
hurt
knit / knitted
let
proofread
put
quit
read (pronounced as red)
rid
set
shed
shut
spit
split
spread (pronounced as spred)
sweat / sweated
thrust
upset
wet

Third Form Past Participle

It doesn't change.
bet
bid
broadcast
burst
cast
cost
cut
fit
forecast
hit
hurt
knit / knitted
let
proofread
put
quit
read (pronounced as red)
rid
set
shed
shut
spit
split
spread (pronounced as spred)
sweat / sweated
thrust
upset
wet

awake
break
choose
freeze
speak
steal
wake
weave

ends with silent /e/

vowel changes to /o/
awoke
broke
chose
froze
spoke
stole
woke
wove

ends with /en/

ends with /en/
awoken
broken
chosen
frozen
spoken
stolen
woken
woven

arise
drive
dive
ride
rise
stride

/i/ changes to /o/

arose
drove
dove
rode
rose
strode

ends with /en/

arisen
driven
dived * exception
ridden
risen
stridden

Copyright 2015 Impact English Language Training and Consulting - All rights to this document and the content on this document are reserved for Impact English Language Training and Consulting
and Steven David Bloomberg. Impact English Language Training and Consulting Onsite

Impact English Language Training and Consulting Professional Communication Skills - Business English Language Skills On the web www.proesl.com

strive
typewrite
write

strove
typewrote
wrote

striven
typewritten
written

mistake
overtake
partake
retake
shake
take
undertake

/a/ changes to /oo/

mistook
overtook
partook
retook
shook
took
undertook

ends with /en/

mistaken
overtaken
partaken
retaken
shaken
taken
undertaken

beat
browbeat
forbid
eat
overeat
fall
forget
get
forgive
give
bite
frostbite
hide
disprove
prove
swell

vowel changes
beat (vowel doesn't change)
browbeat (vowel doesn't change)
forbade
ate
overate
fell
forgot
got
forgave
gave
bit
frostbit
hid
disproved
proved
swelled

ends with /en/

beaten (vowel doesnt change)
browbeat / browbeaten
forbidden
eaten
overeaten
fallen
forgotten
gotten
forgiven
given
bitten
frostbitten
hidden
disproved / disproven
proved / proven
swollen

burn
daydream
dream
kneel
leap
learn
smell
spell
spill

ends with /ed/ or /t/

burned / burnt
daydreamed / day dreamt
dreamed / dreamt
kneeled / knelt
leaped / leapt
learned / learnt
smelled / smelt
spelled / spelt
spilled / spilt

ends with /ed/ or /t/

burned / burnt
daydreamed / daydreamt
dream / dreamt
kneeled / knelt
leaped / leapt
learned / learnt
smell / smelt
spelled / spelt
spilled / spilt

bend
build
lend
rebuild
send
spend

ends with /t/

/d/ changes to /t/
bent
built
lent
rebuilt
sent
spent

ends with /t/

/d/ changes to /t/
bent
built
lent
rebuilt
sent
spent

Copyright 2015 Impact English Language Training and Consulting - All rights to this document and the content on this document are reserved for Impact English Language Training and Consulting
and Steven David Bloomberg. Impact English Language Training and Consulting Onsite

Impact English Language Training and Consulting Professional Communication Skills - Business English Language Skills On the web www.proesl.com

deal
feel
mean
leave
lose

ends with /t/

dealt
felt
meant
left
lost

ends with /t/

dealt
felt
meant
left
lost

creep
keep
oversleep
sleep
weep

/eep/ changes to /ept/

crept
kept
overslept
slept
wept

/eep/ changes to /ept/

crept
kept
overslept
slept
wept

catch
teach

/aught/
caught
taught

/aught/
caught
taught

bring
buy
fight
seek
think
work

/ought/
brought
bought
fought
sought
thought
worked (wrought - uncommon)

/ought/
brought
bought
fought
sought
thought
worked (wrought - uncommon)

outshoot
overshoot
reshoot
shoot
troubleshoot

/oo/ changes to /o/

outshot
overshot
reshot
shot
troubleshot

/oo/ changes to /o/

outshot
overshot
reshot
shot
troubleshot

hear
mishear
overhear
slide
have

ends with /d/

ends with /d/
heard
misheard
overheard
slid
had

ends with /d/

ends with /d/
heard
misheard
overheard
slid
had

lead
mislead
plead

/ea/ changes to /e/

led
misled
pleaded / pled

/ea/ changes to /e/

led
misled
pleaded / pled

lay
mislay

/ay/ changes to /aid/

laid
mislaid

/ay/ changes to /aid/

laid
mislaid

Copyright 2015 Impact English Language Training and Consulting - All rights to this document and the content on this document are reserved for Impact English Language Training and Consulting
and Steven David Bloomberg. Impact English Language Training and Consulting Onsite

Impact English Language Training and Consulting Professional Communication Skills - Business English Language Skills On the web www.proesl.com

overpay
pay
prepay
relay
repay
say
underpay

overpaid
paid
prepaid
relaid
repaid
said (pronounced as sed)
underpaid

overpaid
paid
prepaid
relaid
repaid
said (pronounced as sed)
underpaid

outsold
oversell
resell
retell
sell
tell

/ell/ changes to /old/

outsold
oversold
resold
retold
sold
told

/ell/ changes to /old/

outsold
oversold
resold
retold
sold
told

misunderstand
stand
understand

/and/ changes to /ood/

misunderstood
stood
understood

/and/ changes to /ood/

misunderstood
stood
understood

bind
find
grind
rewind
spellbind
unwind
wind

/i/ changes to /ou/

bound
found
ground
rewound
spellbound
unwound
wound

/i/ changes to /ou/

bound
found
ground
rewound
spellbound
unwound
wound

hold
uphold
withhold

/o/ changes to /e/

held
upheld
withheld

/o/ changes to /e/

held
upheld
withheld

bleed
breed
feed
flee
meet
speed
spoonfeed

/ee/ changes to /e/

bled
bred
fed
fled
met
sped / speeded
spoonfed

/ee/ changes to /e/

bled
bred
fed
fled
met
sped / speeded
spoonfed

draw
overdraw
redraw

/aw/ changes to /ew/

drew
overdrew
redrew

ends with /n/

/aw/ changes to /awn/
drawn
overdrawn
redrawn

Copyright 2015 Impact English Language Training and Consulting - All rights to this document and the content on this document are reserved for Impact English Language Training and Consulting
and Steven David Bloomberg. Impact English Language Training and Consulting Onsite

Impact English Language Training and Consulting Professional Communication Skills - Business English Language Skills On the web www.proesl.com

bear
swear
tear
wear

/ear/ changes to /ore/

bore
swore
tore
wore

/ear/ changes to /orn/ /orne/

born / borne
sworn
torn
worn

blow
grow
know
outgrow
outthrow
overgrow
overthrow
throw

/ow/ changes to /ew/

blew
grew
knew
outgrew
outthrew
overgrew
overthrew
threw

ends with /n/

blown
grown
known
outgrown
outthrown
overgrown
overthrown
thrown

foresee
oversee
see

/ee/ changes to /aw/

foresaw
oversaw
saw

/ee/ changes to /awn/

foreseen
overseen
seen

fly
sew
show

/ew/ and /ow/

flew
sewed
showed

/ew/ and /ow/

flown
sewn / sewed
shown / showed

begin
drink
outdrink
outsing
outswim
preshrink
ring
shrink
sing

/i/ changes to /a/

began
drank
outdrank
outsang
outswam
preshrank
rang
shrank
sang

/i/ changes to /u/

begun
drunk
outdrunk
outsung
outswum
preshrunk
rung
shrunk
sung

sink
spin
spring
stink
swim

sank
spun
sprang
stank / stunk
swam

sunk
spun
sprung
stunk
swum

cling
dig
fling
hang
rehang
stick

/i/ changes to /u/

clung
dug
flung
hung
rehung
stuck

/i/ changes to /u/

clung
dug
flung
hung
rehung
stuck

Copyright 2015 Impact English Language Training and Consulting - All rights to this document and the content on this document are reserved for Impact English Language Training and Consulting
and Steven David Bloomberg. Impact English Language Training and Consulting Onsite

Impact English Language Training and Consulting Professional Communication Skills - Business English Language Skills On the web www.proesl.com

sting
strike
swing

stung
struck
swung

stung
struck
swung

become
come
overcome

/o/ changes to /a/

became
came
overcame

It doesn't change.
become
come
overcome

do
outdo
overdo
redo

/o/ changes to /i/

did
outdid
overdid
redid

ends with /one/

/o/ changes to /one/
done
outdone
overdone
redone

forego
go
undergo

/o/ changes to /ent/

forewent
went
underwent

/o/ changes to /one/

forgone
gone
undergone

outrun
overrun
rerun
run

/u/ changes to /a/

outran
overran
reran
ran

It doesn't change.
outrun
overrun
rerun
run

shine
sit
sneak
spit
win

The vowel changes.

shone
sat
snuck / sneaked
spit / spat
won

The vowel changes.

shone
sat
snuck / sneaked
spit / spat
won

lie
slay
be

one of a kind
lay
slew
was - were

one of a kind
lain
slain
been

Copyright 2015 Impact English Language Training and Consulting - All rights to this document and the content on this document are reserved for Impact English Language Training and Consulting
and Steven David Bloomberg. Impact English Language Training and Consulting Onsite