CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE

INTRODUCTION

RATIONALE
Cebu is the main educational institute in the central region of the country. It has
several large universities each with a number of college branches throughout Cebu City
and more than a dozen other schools and universities specializing in various courses such
as Medicine, Engineering, Nautical courses, Nursing, Law, Commerce, Education,
Computer and IT and other professions. The University of San Carlos (USC) is a private
Catholic university in Cebu City which is administered and managed by the Society of
the Divine Word since 1935. It offers a Montessori preparatory academy, Basic
Education, 80 Undergraduate, and 85 Graduate programs, with a broad spectrum of
academic disciplines through its 8 colleges and 27 departments. (Source: wikipedia.com)
On November 13, 2006 was the launching of Solid Management week in USCTC with the theme of Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle: Launching of USC-TC Solid Waste
Management Program. The University has the colored trash bins, the green which
classifies the Biodegradable, Recyclable, Malata, Like Paper products --- bond paper,
folders, boxes, newspaper, and cardboard. The red classifies the Non-biodegradable,
recyclable, dili malata, like Glass Bottles --- empty gallons, glass containers, Metals--aluminum cans, tin cans, any metal parts, Plastic --- mineral water bottles, plastic cups.
The black classifies the Non-biodegradable, non-recyclable, Wet garbage food scraps,
food leftovers, tissues. (Source: usc.edu.ph)

As of 2014, the college student population in the University of San Carlos has
come over to 18,000 in different courses. The capacity of these students to influence is
used appropriately so as to raise awareness and to compel the rest of the population to do
the responsible act of proper waste disposal. Environmental health is one of the main
concerns of schools and the government because it directly affects the students as well as
the surrounding communities. The common types of wastes in schools are leaves, paper
and plastics and they arise from routine activities such as class work, sweeping, serving
of food, and bush cutting.
We could use the waste in order to reduce and recycled the things that are useful
for. Recycling starts with household or even in school. We all know that humans have
always produced trash and have always disposed of it in some way, so waste management
is not a new issue. What have changed are the types and amounts of waste produced, the
methods of disposal, and the human values and perceptions of what should be done with
it.
The problems associated with the disposal of wastes due to factors in the absence
of student trainings regarding proper waste management. A large number of students
confined in a limited space are more prone to committing unsanitary practices. In this
generation the population of the students has increase the waste generation. Because of
that, this study is made.

THE PROBLEM

Statement of the Problem

Main Problem
This study aims to determine the effectiveness of such practices of recyclable
waste management to the college students in the University of San Carlos.
Sub-Problems
1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of:
1.1 Age;
1.2 Gender;
1.3 Civil Status;
1.4 Course;
2. What is the level of effectiveness of recyclable waste management practices in
terms of:
2.1 Garbage segregation practices;
2.2 Reusable Waste practices;
2.3 Compost for garbage practices; and
2.4 Turning waste into resourceful practices.
3. Is there a significant degree of difference between the demographic and the
effectiveness of waste management practices?
4. What recommendations can be derived from the study?

Statement of Hypothesis
Null Hypothesis:
There is no significant degree of difference between the demographic profile and
the level of waste management practices of the selected Public School in Cebu City.

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This study will use both the analytical and qualitative types of research.
Analytical research will be applied because a hypothesis will be tested and relationships
between variables will be interpreted through analyzing facts and information already
available. Quantitative research will also be employed because statistical analysis will be
used in measuring the particular phenomena. The flow of research is presented below.

Environment
The research is conducted on one of the famous Universities in Cebu namely, the
University of San Carlos. This university is a high standard of all universities in Cebu,
City. They most likely implement the school policies with regards to waste management.

The University of San Carlos main is located in P.del Rosario St., Cebu City. A
map is provided below:

Respondents
Waste management in the University of San Carlos is the focus on our study. We
have chosen this university because we know that they have variety of characteristics in
which we can find a great answer and solution to this study. We will deal more about this
study to the students and we will prepare a questionnaire for our survey. The university
has its janitors, but there are some students would not follow the proper segregation of
the garbage. The students are said to be well-trained by their faculty and the teachers
practice good moral and proper conduct that enhances the training of their students. The
school caters all walks of life and variety of characters can be found there so it is a good
basis of study.

The students of the university are having different ways in doing waste
segregation. It is important to dispose of it appropriately and responsibly. Segregating
waste before disposing of it makes it simpler to recycle.
Instruments
The survey conducted uses a questionnaire for collecting and recording the
information about the respondents awareness of recyclable wastes and the practices that
the students may apply for the school and as well as the community. The questionnaires
were designed to understand the functionality of the disposal system in the University of
San Carlos.
We used questionnaires for the purpose of gathering information from
respondents. The questions are listed in order and the respondents told about the purpose
of collecting the information. The respondents should answer the closed-ended question
which has they pick an answer from a given number of options. This could help the
researcher to quantify the answers to the questions.
The survey instrument has used two parts of questionnaires. The first part tackles
the demography consisting of 6 sections designed for segmentation. The purpose of the
segmentation is to classify the groups of key personnel like age, gender, civil status and
courses of every student in the university.
The second part of the questionnaires aims to know the different ways in
managing solid wastes: Segregation, Recycling, Composting, and Turning Waste into
Resourceful Practices. There are subsections in every kind of waste management in
which the respondent would answer the yes or no only.

Procedures
Research methods in education (and the other social sciences) are often divided
into two main types: quantitative and qualitative methods. One of these two main strands:
quantitative methods, and what distinguishes quantitative from qualitative methods.
Quantitative data collection involves the use of numbers to assess information.
This information can then be evaluated using statistical analysis which offers researchers
the opportunity to dig deeper into the data and look for greater meaning. We will be using
quantitative data since it is more after the numerical aspects of the study.
Gathering of Data. The researcher personally administered the distribution of the
questionnaires to the selected students. Direct translation was made to the questions that
were not understandable in English. The subjects were given ample time to accomplish
the forms and retrieval were soon after. The responses were then tallied and collated in
the tables for purposes of analysis and interpretation and these were statically treated to
test the hypothesis.
Treatment of Data. Depending on the research question, participants may be
randomly assigned to different treatments. They produce results that are easy to
summarize, compare, and generalize. If the intent is to generalize from the research
participants to a larger population, the researcher will employ probability sampling to
select participants.
Typical quantitative data gathering strategies were using include:

Administering surveys with closed-ended questions (e.g., face-to-face and

questionnaires)

Questionnaires can be sent to a large number of people and saves the

researcher time and money. People are more truthful while responding to the
questionnaires regarding controversial issues in particular due to the fact that
their responses are anonymous.
Surveying involves gathering responses from subjects through a written
medium. We will be distributing paper questionnaires for our subjects to
answer. We will then tally the results and use the data for your research.

Observing and recording well-defined events.

Obtaining relevant data from management information systems.

Significance of the Study

The effect of this study will serve as an input to the students, teachers, and
administration of the University of San Carlos. It can help the students improve their
ways of segregating materials and so, they can have a better waste management system.
Through this, each of us will be an instrument in changing the environment and then will
become a leader in a way that we can lead others in the right path. This kind of study is
maybe a simple one, but this thing will let us understand and realize that we still have the
chance to change our own society, and that is through proper way of practicing waste
management.

DEFINITION OF TERMS
Waste management is the "generation, prevention, characterization, monitoring,
treatment, handling, reuse and residual disposition of solid wastes".[1] There are

various types of solid waste including municipal (residential, institutional,

commercial), agricultural, and special (health care, household hazardous wastes,
sewage sludge).[1] The term usually relates to materials produced by human activity,
and the process is generally undertaken to reduce their effect on health, the
environment or aesthetics.
Recycling is a process to change (waste) materials into new products to prevent
waste of potentially useful materials, reduce the consumption of fresh raw materials,
reduce energy usage, reduce air pollution (from incineration) and water pollution
(from land filling) by reducing the need for "conventional" waste disposal, and lower
greenhouse gas emissions as compared to plastic production.
Reduce it means reducing your consumption or buying less. Designing items like
plastic bottles in ways that use less material is another way to reduce consumption.
Using steel cutlery instead of plastic utensils, buying used goods, mending clothes
instead of buying new ones and consuming less electricity are all examples of ways
you can reduce in your own life.
Reuse - Composting, using jars to store beverages or leftover food, and trading or
selling used DVDs rather than throwing them out. Reusing is the second most
effective of the three Rs; like reducing, it avoids creating waste rather than trying to
recycle it once it's already there.
Disposal - disposal is the process of collecting and removing waste and relocating
it to a place where it will sit or be recycled.
Waste - to be consumed, spent, or employed uselessly or without giving full value
or being fully utilized or appreciated.