SCH 11

Mann Introductory Statistics, Fifth Edition, Solutions Manual
11.1
See box on page 512 of the text.
11.2
For df = 12 and .025 area in the right tail:
2 = 23.337
11.3
For df = 28 and .05 area in the right tail:
2 = 41.337
11.4
For an area of .10 in the left tail, the area in the right tail is 1 .10 = .90. Hence, the value of chi
69
square for df = 14 and .10 area in the left tail is the same as for df = 14 and .90 area in the right tail,
which is:
11.5
2 = 7.790
For an area of .990 in the left tail, the area in the right tail is 1 .990 = .01. Hence, the value of chi
square for df = 23 and .990 area in the left tail is the same as for df = 23 and .01 area in the right tail,
which is:
11.6
2 = 41.638
a. For df = 4 and .005 area in the right tail: 2 = 14.860

b. For an area of .05 in the left tail, the area in the right tail is 1 .05 = .95. Hence, the value of
chisquare for df = 4 and .05 area in the left tail is the same as for df = 4 and .95 area in the right
tail, which is: 2 = .711
11.7
a. For an area of .025 in the left tail, the area in the right tail is 1 .025 = .975. Hence, the value of
chisquare for df = 13 and .025 area in the left tail is the same as for df = 13 and .975 area in the
right tail, which is:
2 = 5.009
b. For df = 13 and .995 area in the right tail, 2 = 3.565.

11.8
Following are the four characteristics of a multinomial experiment.

1. It consists of n identical trials.
2. Each trial results in one of k possible outcomes (or categories) where k > 2.
3. The trials are independent.
4. The probabilities of various outcomes remain constant for each trial.
11.9
goodnessoffit test compares the observed frequencies from a multinomial experiment with
expected frequencies derived from a certain pattern or theoretical distribution. The test evaluates how
well the observed frequencies fit the expected frequencies.
11.10
The observed frequencies are actual results obtained from a multinomial experiment. The expected
frequencies are calculated from a theoretical distribution. These are the frequencies that we expect to
obtain if the null hypothesis is true.
11.11
The expected frequency of a category is given by = np where n is the sample size and p is the
probability that an element belongs to that category if the null hypothesis is true. The degrees of
Chapter Eleven
70
freedom for a goodnessoffit test are k 1, where k is the number of possible outcomes (or
categories) for the experiment.
11.12
The minimum expected frequency for each category should be 5. If this condition is not satisfied, we
may increase the sample size or combine two or more categories to make each expected frequency at
least 5.
11.13
Step 1:
H0: The die is fair;
1: The die is not fair.
Step 2:
Because there are six categories (a die has six outcomes), it is a multinomial experiment.
Consequently, we use chisquare distribution to conduct the test.
Step 3:
The significance level is .05. Because a goodness of fit test is always a right tailed test,
area in the right tail = = .05
k = number of categories = 6, so df = k 1 = 6 1 = 5
From the chisquare distribution table, the critical value of 2 for df = 5 and .05 area in the
right tail is 11.070.
Step 4:
Note that the die will be fair if the probability of each of the six outcomes is the same,
which is 1/6.
Outcome
1
2
3
4
5
6
O
7
12
8
15
11
7
n = 60
p
1/6
1/6
1/6
1/6
1/6
1/6
= np
10
10
10
10
10
10
3
2
2
5
1
3
( )2
9
4
4
25
1
9
( )2/
.900
.400
.400
2.500
.100
.900
Sum = 5.200
The value of the test statistic is: 2 = (O E)2 / E = 5.200

Step 5:
11.14
Do not reject the null hypothesis. The die is fair.
H0: The current distribution of responses of all such workers is the same as that of 2002.
1: The current distribution of responses of all such workers differs from that of 2002.
The significance level is .05. Because a goodness of fit test is always right tailed, area in the right
tail is = .05.
k = number of categories = 4; so
df = k 1 = 4 1 = 3;
From the chisquare distribution table, the critical value of 2 for df = 3 and .05 area in the right tail is
7.815.
Category
A
B
C
O
48
242
120
p
.08
.46
.26
= np
40
230
130
8
12
10
( )2
64
144
100
( ) 2/
1.600
.626
.769

D
90
n = 500
.20
100
71
10
100
1.000
Sum = 3.995
Thus, the value of the test statistic is: 2 = (O E)2 / E = 3.995. Since 3.995 < 7.815, do not reject H0.
The current distribution of worker responses is not different from that of 2002.
11.15 H0: The current distribution of sources of stress is the same as that of the earlier survey.
1: The current distribution of sources of stress differs from that of the earlier survey.
df = k 1 = 5 1 = 4
For = .05 and df = 4, the critical value of 2 is 13.277.
Response
Demands
Coworkers
Boss
Layoffs
Others
O
404
183
94
80
39
n = 800
p
.54
.20
.10
.08
.08
= np
432
160
80
64
64
28
23
14
16
25
( )2
784
529
196
256
625
( ) 2/
1.815
3.306
2.450
4.000
9.766
Sum = 21.337

Since 21.337 > 13.277, reject H0. Conclude that the current distribution of sources of stress differs
from the distribution in the earlier survey.
11.16
H0: The distribution of office worker opinions concerning email responses has not changed since 2002.
1: The distribution of office worker opinions concerning email responses has changed since 2002.
df = k 1 = 4 1 = 3
and
Area in the right tail = = .01
The critical value of 2 = 11.345.

Response
A
B
C
D
O
128
142
116
14
n = 400
p
.36
.35
.24
.05
= np
144
140
96
20
16
2
20
6
( )2
256
4
400
36
( ) 2/
1.778
.029
4.167
1.800
Sum = 7.774

Since 7.774 < 11.345, do not reject H0. Thus, we conclude that the distribution office worker opinions
concerning email responses has not changed since 2002.
11.17
H0: The orders are evenly distributed over all days of the week.
1: The orders are not evenly distributed over all days of the week.
df = k 1 = 5 1 = 4
Chapter Eleven
72
Day
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
O
92
71
65
83
89
n = 400
p
.20
.20
.20
.20
.20
= np
80
80
80
80
80
12
9
15
3
9
( )2
144
81
225
9
81
( ) 2/
1.800
1.013
2.813
.113
1.013
Sum = 6.752

Since 6.752 < 9.488 do not reject H0. Thus, we conclude that orders are evenly distributed over all days
of the week.
11.18
H0: The distribution of payment methods has not changed.

1: The distribution of payment methods has changed.
df = k 1 = 4 1 = 3
11.345.
Day
C
CK
D
N
O
240
104
111
45
n = 500
p
.41
.24
.26
.09
= np
205
120
130
45
35
16
19
0
( )2
1225
256
361
0
( ) 2/
5.976
2.133
2.777
0
Sum = 10.886
Thus, the value of the test statistic is: 2 = (O E)2 / E = 10.886

Since 10.886 < 11.345 do not reject H0. Do not conclude that the incentive program has changed
payment methods.
11.19
H0: The number of cars sold is the same for each month.
1: The number of cars sold is not the same for each month.
df = k 1 = 12 1 = 11
17.275. The number of cars sold will be the same for each month if 1/12th of the cars sold during the
whole year are sold each month.
Month
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
O
23
17
15
10
14
12
13
15
p
1/12
1/12
1/12
1/12
1/12
1/12
1/12
1/12
= np
18.67
18.67
18.67
18.67
18.67
18.67
18.67
18.67
4.33
1.67
3.67
8.67
4.67
6.67
5.67
3.67
( )2
18.749
2.789
13.469
75.169
21.809
44.489
32.149
13.469
( ) 2/
1.004
.149
.721
4.026
1.168
2.383
1.722
0.721

September
October
November
December
23
26
27
29
= 224
1/12
1/12
1/12
1/12
18.67
18.67
18.67
18.67
73
4.33
7.33
8.33
10.33
18.749
53.729
69.389
106.709
1.004
2.878
3.717
5.716
Sum = 25.209
Thus the value of the test statistic is: 2 = (O E)2 / E = 25.209

Reject the null hypothesis. The number of cars sold is not the same for each month.
11.20
H0: The sample is random.

1: The sample is not random.
df = k 1 = 4 1 = 3
6.251.
Category
Seniors
Juniors
Sophomores
Freshmen
O
50
46
55
49
n = 200
p
.19
.23
.27
.31
= np
38
46
54
62
12
0
1
13
( )2
144
0
1
169
( ) 2/
3.789
.000
.019
2.726
Sum = 6.534
Thus, value of the test statistic is: 2 = (O E)2 / E = 6.534

Since 6.534 > 6.251 reject H0. The sample is not random.
11.21
H0: The percentage distribution of users' opinions is unchanged since the product was redesigned.
H1: The percentage distribution of users' opinions has changed since the product was redesigned.
df = k 1 = 4 1 = 3
For = .025 and df = 3, the critical value of 2 is 9.348
Opinion
Excellent
Satisfactory
Unsatisfactory
No opinion
O
495
255
35
15
n = 800
p
.53
.31
.07
.09
= np
424
248
56
72
71
7
21
57
( )2
5041
49
441
3249
( ) 2/
11.889
.198
7.875
45.125
Sum = 65.087
The value of the test statistic is 2 = (O E)2 / E = 65.087

Since 65.087 > 9.348, reject H0. Conclude that the percentage distribution of users' opinions has
changed since the product was redesigned.
Chapter Eleven
74
11.22
H0: The distribution of defects is the same as when the process is working properly and the process
does not need an adjustment.
1: The distribution of defects is not the same as when the process is working properly and the process
needs an adjustment.
df = k 1 = 3 1 = 2
Defects
0
1
2 or more
O
262
24
14
n = 300
p
.92
.05
.03
= np
276
15
9
14
9
5
( )2
196
81
25
( ) 2/
0.710
5.400
2.778
Sum = 8.888
The value of the test statistic is: 2 = (O E)2 / E = 8.888. Since 8.888 < 9.210, do not reject H0.
Conclude that the distribution of defects is the same as when the process is working properly. Thus, the
process does not need an adjustment.
11.23
In a test of independence, we test the null hypothesis that two characteristics in a given population are
independent against the alternative hypothesis that they are related. For example, we may want to test
whether political party affiliation and opinion of voters on abortion are related.
In a test of homogeneity, we test whether two or more populations are the same with respect to the
distribution of certain characteristics. For example, we may want to test whether the preferences of several
different ethnic groups are similar for three television programs.
11.24
The expected frequency for a cell in a contingency table is given by = (Row total)(Column total)/n where
"Row total" represents the total of the observations in the row of that cell, "Column total" is the total of the
observed values in the column of that cell, and n is the sample size. The degrees of freedom are given by
df = (R 1)(C 1), where R and C are the number of rows and columns, respectively, in the table.
11.25
The minimum expected frequency for each cell should be 5. If this condition is not satisfied, we may
increase the sample size or combine some categories.
11.26
a. H0: Columns and rows are independent.
H1: Columns and rows are dependent.
b. The expected frequencies are given in parentheses below the observed frequencies in the table below.
Row 1
Row 2
Column 1
137
(125.85)
98
(96.24)
Column 2
64
(77.67)
71
(59.39)
Column 3
105
(102.48)
65
(78.37)
Total
306
234

Row 3
Total
115
(127.91)
350
81
(78.94)
216
75
115
(104.15)
285
311
851
c. df = (R 1)(C 1) = (3 1)(3 1) = 4
For = .01 and df = 4, the critical value of 2 is 13.277. The rejection region lies to the right of
2 = 13.277. The nonrejection region lies to the left of 2 = 13.277.
d. 2 = (O E)2 / E
(137 125.85) 2 (64 77.67) 2 (105 102.48) 2 (98 96.24) 2 (71 59.39) 2
125.85
77.67
102.48
96.24
59.39
(65 78.37) 2 (115 127.91) 2 (81 78.94) 2 (115 104.15) 2
78.37
127.91
78.94
104.15
= .988 + 2.406 + .062 + .032 + 2.270 + 2.281 + 1.303 + .054 + 1.130 = 10.526
e. Since 10.526 < 13.277, do not reject H0. Columns and rows are independent.
11.27
a. H0: The proportion in each row is the same for all four populations.
1: The proportion in each row is not the same for all four populations.
b. The expected frequencies are given in parentheses below the observed frequencies in the table below.
Row 1
Row 2
Row 3
Total
Column 1
24
(31.62)
46
(30.18)
20
(28.19)
90
Column 2
81
(63.95)
64
(61.04)
37
(57.01)
182
Column 3
60
(89.95)
91
(85.86)
105
(80.20)
256
Column 4
121
(100.49)
72
(95.92)
93
(89.59)
286
Total
286
273
255
814
c. df = (R 1)(C 1) = (3 1)(4 1) = 6
For = .025 and df = 6, the critical value of 2 is 14.449. The rejection region lies to the right of
2 = 14.449.
d. 2 = (O E)2 / E = 1.836 + 4.546 + 9.972 + 4.186 + 8.293 + .144 + .308 + 5.965 + 2.379 + 7.023 +
7.669 + .130 = 52.451
e. Since 52.451 > 14.449, reject H0.
11.28 H0: Gender and brand preference are independent.
1: Gender and brand preference are dependent.
df = (R 1)(C 1) = (2 1)(2 1) = 1
Chapter Eleven
76
Men
Women
Total
National Brand
170
(158.4)
182
(193.6)
352
Store Brand
145
(156.6)
203
(191.4)
348
Total
315
385
700
The test statistic is: 2 = (O E)2 / E = .849 + .859 + .695 + .703 = 3.106
Since 3.106 < 6.635, do not reject H0. Gender and brand preference are independent.
11.29
H0: Gender and wearing or not wearing of seat belt are not related.
1: Gender and wearing or not wearing of seat belt are related.
df = (R 1)(C 1) = (2 1)(2 1) = 1
From the chisquare distribution table, the critical value of 2for df = 1 and .025 area in the right tail is
5.024.
Men
Women
Total
Wearing a seat belt

34
(36.3)
32
(29.7)
66
Not wearing seat belt

21
(18.7)
13
(15.3)
34
Total
55
45
100
The value of the test statistic is: 2 = (O E)2 / E = .146 + .283 + .178 + .346 = .953
Since .953 < 5.024, do not reject the null hypothesis. Being a male or a female and wearing or not
wearing a seat belt are not related.
11.30
H0: Gender and responses are independent.
1: Gender and responses are dependent.
df = (R 1)(C 1) = (2 1)(3 1) = 2
From the chisquare distribution table the critical value of 2 for df = 2 and .01 area in the right tail is 9.210.
Women
Men
Total
Yes
125
(115.54)
101
(110.46)
226
No
59
(70.55)
79
(67.45)
138
Uncertain
21
(18.92)
16
(18.08)
37
Total
205
196
401
The test statistic is: 2 = (O E)2 / E = .775 + 1.891 + .229 + .810 + 1.978 + .239 = 5.922
Do not reject H0. Do not conclude gender and responses are dependent.
11.31
H0: Use of a financial advisor is unrelated to stock ownership.

1: Use of a financial advisor is related to stock ownership.
77
df = (R 1)(C 1) = (2 1)(2 1) = 1
3.841.
Use Financial Adviser
Yes
Own
165
(156)
43
(52)
208
No
Total
Do not own
135
(144)
57
(48)
192
Total
300
100
400
The value of the test statistic is: 2 = (O E)2 /E = .519 + .563 + 1.558 + 1.688 = 4.328
Reject H0. Conclude that using a financial advisor is related to stock ownership.
11.32
H0: Smoking and visits to the physician are not related.

1: Smoking and visits to the physician are related.
df = (R 1)(C 1) = (2 1)(3 1) = 2
5.991.
01
25
(54)
110
(81)
135
Smoker
Nonsmoker
Total
Visits to the Physician

24
60
(60)
90
(90)
150
Total
5
75
(46)
40
(69)
115
160
240
400
The value of the test statistic is:

2 = (O E)2 /E = 15.574 + .000 + 18.283 + 10.383 + .000 + 12.188 = 56.428
Since 56.428 > 5.991, reject the null hypothesis. Smoking and visits to the physician are related.
11.33
H0: Causes of fires and region are unrelated.

1: Causes of fires and region are related.
df = (R 1)(C 1) = (4 1)(2 1) = 3
7.815.
A
B
Total
Arson
6
(5.30)
7
(7.70)
13
Accident
9
(9.38)
14
(13.62)
23
Lightning
6
(8.57)
15
(12.43)
21
Unknown
10
(7.75)
9
(11.25)
19
Total
31
45
76
Chapter Eleven
78

2 = (O E)2 / E = .092 + .015 + .771 + .653 + .064 + .011 + .531 + .450 = 2.587
Since 2.587 < 7.815 do not reject H0. Do not conclude that causes of fires and region are related.
11.34
H0: The distribution of good and defective parts is the same for both subsidiaries.
H1: The distribution of good and defective parts is not the same for both subsidiaries.
df = (R 1)(C 1) = (2 1)(2 1) = 1
Good
Defective
Total
Subsidiary A
284
(285)
16
(15)
300
Subsidiary B
381
(380)
19
(20)
400
Total
665
35
700
Since .124 < 3.841, do not reject H0. The distribution of good and defective parts is the same for both
subsidiaries.
11.35
H0: The two drugs are similar in curing the patients.

1: The two drugs are not similar in curing the patients.
df = (R 1)(C 1) = (2 1)(2 1) = 1
6.635.
Drug I
Drug II
Total
Cured
44
(37.20)
18
(24.80)
62
Not Cured
16
(22.80)
22
(15.20)
38
Total
60
40
100
The value of the test statistic is: 2 = (O E)2 / E = 1.243 + 2.028 + 1.865 + 3.042 = 8.178
Reject the null hypothesis. The two drugs are not similar in curing the patients.
11.36
H0: The distributions of opinions of users of this product are homogeneous for all four regions.
1: The distributions of opinions of users of this product are not homogeneous for all four regions.
df = (R 1)(C 1) = (2 1)(4 1) = 3
Like
East
274
(256.25)
South
206
(256.25)

Midwest
291
(256.25)
West
254
(256.25)
Total
1025

Do not like
Total
126
(143.75)
400
194
(143.75)
400
109
(143.75)
400
79
146
(143.75)
400
575
1600

2 = (O E)2 / E = 1.230 + 9.854 + 4.712 + .020 + 2.192 + 17.566 + 8.400 + .035 = 44.009
Since 44.009 > 11.345, reject H0. The distributions of opinions of users of this product are not
homogeneous for all four regions.
11.37
H0: The distribution of media preference is the same for boys and girls.
1: The distribution of media preference is not the same for boys and girls.
df = (R 1)(C 1) = (2 1)(5 1) = 3
Boys
Girls
Total
Internet
190
(165)
140
(165)
330
TV
170
(127.5)
85
(127.5)
255
Phone
60
(107.5)
155
(107.5)
215

Radio
60
(72.5)
85
(72.5)
145
Other
20
(27.5)
35
(27.5)
55
Total
500
500
1000
The value of the test statistic is: 2 = (O E)2 / E = 3.788 + 14.167 + 20.988 + 2.155 + 2.045 + 3.788
+ 14.167 + 20.988 + 2.155 + 2.045 = 86.286
Since 86.286 > 13.277, reject H0. The distribution of media preference is not the same for boys and
girls.
11.38
H0: The grade distributions are homogeneous for the three professors.
1: The grade distributions are not homogeneous for the three professors.
df = (R 1)(C 1) = (4 1)(3 1) = 6
14.449.
A
B
Miller
18
(24.67)
25
Professor
Smith
36
(28.07)
44
Moore
20
(21.26)
15
Total
74
84
Chapter Eleven
80
Grade
(28.00)
85
(80.00)
17
(12.33)
145
C
D&F
Total
(31.86)
73
(91.03)
12
(14.03)
165
(24.14)
82
(68.97)
8
(10.63)
125
240
37
435
The value of the test statistic is: 2 = (O E)2/E = 1.803 + 2.240 + .075 + .321 + 4.626 + 3.461 + .
313 + 3.571 + 2.462 + 1.769 + .294 + .651 = 21.586
Since 21.586 > 14.449, reject the null hypothesis. The grade distributions are not homogeneous for the
three professors.
11.39
H0: The distributions of opinions are homogeneous for the two groups of workers.
1: The distributions of opinions are not homogeneous for the two groups of workers.
df = (R 1)(C 1) = (2 1)(3 1) = 2
7.378.
Opinion
Oppose
39
(42.59)
26
(22.41)
65
Favor
44
(42.59)
21
(22.41)
65
Blue collar
Workers
White collar
Workers
Total
Uncertain
12
(9.83)
3
(5.17)
15
Total
95
50
145
The value of the test statistic is: 2 = (O E)2 / E = .047 + .303 + .479 + .089 + .575 + .911 = 2.404
Do not reject the null hypothesis. The distributions of opinions are homogeneous for the two groups of
workers.
11.40
/2 = 5 (.95/2) = .025 and 1 /2 = 1 .025 = .975

a. df = n 1 = 12 1 = 11
2 for 11 df and .025 area in the right tail = 21.920
The 95% confidence interval for 2 is:
(n 1) s 2
2
/ 2
to
(n 1) s 2
12 / 2
(12 1)(46) (12 1)(46)

to
= 23.0839 to 132.5996
21.920
3.816
b. df = n 1 = 16 1 = 15

(n 1) s 2
2
/ 2
to
(n 1) s 2
12 / 2
(16 1)( 46) (16 1)( 46)

to
= 25.1019 to 110.1884
27.488
6.262
c. df = n 1 = 25 1 = 24
(n 1) s 2
2
/ 2
11.41
to
(n 1) s 2
12 / 2
( 25 1)(46) ( 25 1)( 46)

to
= 28.0459 to 89.0251
39.364
12.401
df = n 1 = 25 1 = 24
a. /2 = .5 (.99/2) = .005 and 1 /2 = 1 .005 = .995
(n 1) s 2
2
/ 2
to
(n 1) s 2
12 / 2
( 25 1)(35)
( 25 1)(35)
to
= 18.4376 to 84.9686
45.559
9.886
b. /2 = .5 (.95/2) = .025 and 1 /2 = 1 .025 = .975

(n 1) s 2
2
/ 2
to
(n 1) s 2
12 / 2
( 25 1)(35)
( 25 1)(35)
to
= 21.3393 to 67.7365
39.364
12.401
c. /2 = .5 (.90/2) = .005 and 1 /2 = 1 .05 = .95

(n 1) s 2
2
/ 2
to
(n 1) s 2
12 / 2
( 25 1)(35)
( 25 1)(35)
to
= 23.0674 to 60.6586
36.415
13.848
As the confidence level decreases, the confidence interval for 2 decreases in width.
81
Chapter Eleven
82
11.42
a. H0: 2 = 14;
H1: 2 14
b. /2 = .05/2 = .025 and 1 /2 = 1 .025 = .975; df = n 1 = 22 1 = 21

2 for 21 df and .025 area in the right tail = 35.479.
The rejection region lies to the left of 2 = 10.283 and to the right of 2 = 35.479
The nonrejection region lies between 2 = 10.283 and 2 = 35.479.
c. The value of the test statistic is: 2 = (n 1)s2 /2 = (22 1)(18) /14 = 27.000
d. Do not reject H0.
11.43
a. H0: 2 = .80;
H1: 2 > .80
b. df = n 1 = 16 1 = 15
The rejection region lies to the right of 2 = 30.578.
The nonrejection region lies to the left of 2 = 30.578.
c. The value of the test statistic is: 2 = (n 1)s2 /2 = (16 1)(1.10) /.80 = 20.625
11.44
a. H0: 2 = 1.25;
H1: 2 < 1.25
b. df = n 1 = 25 1 = 24
2 for 24 df and .025 area in the left tail is the same as 2 for 24 df and .975 area in the right tail
which gives 2 = 12.401.
The rejection region lies to the left of 2 = 12.401.
The nonrejection region lies to the right of 2 = 12.401
c. The value of the test statistic is: 2 = (n 1 ) s2 / 2 = (25 1)(.70) / 1.25 = 13.440
11.45
a. H0: 2 = 2.2;
H1: 2 2.2
b. /2 = .05/2 = .025 and 1 /2 = 1 .025 = .975;

df = n 1 = 18 1 = 17
The rejection region lies to the left of 2 = 7.564 and to the right of 2 = 30.191.
The nonrejection region lies between 2 = 7.564 and 2 = 30.191.
c. The value of the test statistic is: 2 = (n 1) s2 / 2 = (18 1)(4.6)2/ 2.22 = 35.545
d. Reject H0.
11.46
a. /2 = .01/2 = .005 and 1 /2 = 1 .005 = .995
83
df = n 1 = 20 1 = 19
The 99% confidence interval for the population variance 2 is:
(n 1) s 2
2
/ 2
to
(n 1) s 2
12 / 2
(20 1)(.014)
(20 1)(.014)
to
= .0069 to .0389
38.582
6.844
The 99% confidence interval for is:
.0069 to
.0389 = .083 to .197.
b. H0: 2 = .01; Hl: 2 > .01.

Area in the right tail = = .025 and df = n 1 = 20 1 = 19
The value of the test statistic is: 2 = (n 1) s2 / 2 = (20 1)(.014) / .01 = 26.600
Do not reject the null hypothesis. The population variance is not greater than .01 square ounces.
11.47
a. /2 = .02/2 = .01
and
1 /2 = 1 .01 = .99
df = n 1 = 23 1 = 22
(n 1) s 2
2
/ 2
to
(n 1) s 2
12 / 2
( 23 1)(2.7)
( 23 1)(2.7)
to
= 1.4743 to 6.2251
40.289
9.542
The 99% confidence interval for is: 1.4743 to
b. H0: 2
6.2251 = 1.214 to 2.495
2; Hl: 2 > 2.
Area in the right tail = = .01 and
df = n 1 = 23 1 = 22

The value of the test statistic is: 2 = (n 1) s2 / 2 = (23 1) (2.7) / 2 = 29.700
Do not reject the null hypothesis. The population variance is not greater than 2
11.48
a. df = n 1 = 22 1 = 21
/2 = .5 (.95/2) = .025 and 1 / 2 = 1 .025 = .975
Chapter Eleven
84
(n 1) s 2
2
/ 2
to
(n 1) s 2
12 / 2
(22 1)(.62)
(22 1)(.62)
to
= .3670 to 1.2662
35.479
10.283

b. H0: 2 = .30;
.3670 to
1.2662 = .606 to 1.125
Hl: 2 .30
/2 = .01/2 = .005 and 1 /2 = 1 .005 = .995

The value of the test statistic is: 2 = (n 1) s2 / 2 = (22 1)(.62) /.30 = 43.400
Since 43.400 > 41.401, reject Ho. Conclude that 2 is different from .30.
11.49
a. df = n 1 = 25 1 = 24
/2 = .5 (.99/2) = .005 and 1 /2 = 1 .005 = .995
(n 1) s 2
2
/ 2
to
(n 1) s 2
12 / 2
( 25 1)(5200) ( 25 1)(5200)
to
=2739.3051 to
45.559
9.886
12,623.9126
b. H0: 2 = 4200;
2739.3051 to
12,623.9126
= 52.338 to 112.356
Hl: 2 4200
/2 = (.05/2) = .025 and 1 /2 = 1 .025 = .975

The value of the test statistic is: 2 = (n 1) s2 / 2 = (25 1) (5200) / 4200 = 29.714
Since 29.714 is between 12.401 and 39.364, do not reject H0. Conclude that 2 is equal to 4200
square hours.
11.50
H0: The current distribution of factors for judging a companys reputation is the same as the 2002
survey.
Hl: The current distribution of factors for judging a companys reputation differs from the 2002 survey.
df = k 1 = 6 1 = 5
Factor
= np
( )2
( ) 2/
Quality
Financial Status
Accessibility
Treatment
Acknowledgement
Other
165
138
102
111
72
12
n = 600
.29
.19
.18
.16
.12
.06
85
174
114
108
96
72
36
9
24
6
15
0
24
81
576
36
225
0
576
.466
5.053
.333
2.344
0
16.000
Sum = 24.196

Since 24.196 > 15.086, reject H0. The current distribution of factors for judging a companys reputation
is different from that of the 2002 survey.
11.51
H0: The percentage of people who consume All Bran Cereal is the same for all four brands.
H1: The percentage of people who consume All Bran Cereal is not the same for all four brands.
df = k 1 = 4 1 = 3
Brand
A
B
C
D
O
212
284
254
250
n = 1000
p
.25
.25
.25
.25
= np
250
250
250
250
38
34
4
0
( )2
1444
1156
16
0
( ) 2/
5.776
4.624
.064
.000
Sum = 10.464

Since 10.464 > 7.185, reject H0. The percentage of people who consume All Bran Cereal is not the
same for all four brands.
11.52
H0: The current distribution of important rights and freedoms is the same as in 2002 survey.
H1: The current distribution of important rights and freedoms differs from the 2002 survey.
df = k 1 = 7 1 = 6
Response
Speech
Affordable Healthcare
Religion
Economic Advancement
Education
Press
Dont know
O
124
108
101
70
64
18
15
n = 500
p
.26
.20
.19
.12
.12
.03
.08
= np
130
100
95
60
60
15
40
6
8
6
10
4
3
25
( )2
36
64
36
100
16
9
625
( ) 2/
.277
.640
.379
1.667
.267
19.455
15.625
Sum = 19.445
The value of the test statistic is: 2 = (O E)2 / E = 19.455. Since 19.455 > 14.449, reject H0.
The current distribution of reasons given for important rights and freedoms is not the same as in 2002.
Chapter Eleven
86
11.53
H0: The present distribution of weight changes for adults is the same as that of the 2002 survey.
H1: The present distribution of weight changes for adults differs from that of the 2002 survey.
df = k 1 = 5 1 = 4
Category
Same
Gained a little
Lost a little
Gained a lot
Lost a lot
O
330
370
100
80
120
n = 1000
p
.35
.34
.13
.10
.08
= np
350
340
130
100
80
( )2
400
900
900
400
1600
20
30
30
20
40
( ) 2/
1.143
2.647
6.923
4.000
20.000
Sum = 34.713

Since 34.713 > 9.488, reject H0. Conclude that the present distribution of weight changes for adults
differs from the 2002 survey.
11.54
H0: The proportions of investors favoring stocks, bonds, real estate, and cash are the same.
H1: The proportions of investors favoring stocks, bonds, real estate, and cash differs.
df = k 1 = 4 1 = 3
Assets
Stock
Bonds
Real Estate
Cash
O
46
41
32
21
n = 140
p
.25
.25
.25
.25
= np
35
35
35
35
11
6
3
14
( )2
121
36
9
196
( ) 2/
3.457
1.029
.257
5.600
Sum = 10.343

Since 10.343 > 9.348, reject H0. The proportion of investors favoring stocks, bonds, real estate, and
cash differs.
11.55
H0: The proportions of all allergic persons are equally distributed over the four seasons.
H1: The proportions of all allergic persons are not equally distributed over the four seasons.
df = k 1 = 4 1 = 3
From the chisquare distribution table, the value of 2 for df = 3 and .01 area in the right tail is 11.345.
Season
Fall
Winter
Spring
Summer
O
18
13
31
38
n = 100
p
.25
.25
.25
.25
= np
25
25
25
25
7
12
6
13
( )2
49
144
36
169
( ) 2/
1.960
5.760
1.440
6.760
Sum = 15.920
87
The value of the test statistic is: 2 = (O E)2 / E = 15.920. Since 15.920 > 11.345, reject the null
hypothesis. The proportions of all allergic persons are not equally distributed over the four seasons.
11.56
H0: Sentencing does not depend on which judge you get.

H1: Sentencing depends on which judge you get.
df = (R 1)(C 1) = (2 1)(2 1) = 1
From the chisquare distribution table, the critical value of 2 for df = 1 and = .05 is 3.841.
Stark
Rivera
Total
Jail
27
(29.64)
31
(28.36)
58
Other
65
(62.36)
57
(59.64)
122
Total
92
88
180
Do not reject the null hypothesis. Do not conclude that sentencing depends on which judge you get.
11.57
H0: Marital status and time available to relax are unrelated for people with children.
H1: Marital status and time available to relax are related for people with children.
df = (R 1) (C 1) = (2 1) (3 1) = 2
Married with Children

Unmarried with Children
Total
Time to
Little
158
(165.35)
86
(78.65)
244
Relax
Some
90
(82.67)
32
(39.33)
122
Much
40
(39.98)
19
(19.02)
59
Total
288
137
425
The value of the test statistic is: 2 = (O E)2 / E = .327 + .650 + .000 + .687 + 1.366 + .000 = 3.030
Do not reject the null hypothesis. Conclude that marital status and time available to relax are unrelated
for people with children.
11.58
H0: The two attributes for all jurors are independent.

H1: The two attributes for all jurors are dependent.
df = (R 1)(C 1) = (2 1)(3 1) = 2
Strict
Fair
Lenient
Total
Chapter Eleven
88
Have been a victim
20
(13.02)
22
(28.98)
42
Have never been a victim

Total
8
(12.71)
33
(28.29)
41
3
(5.27)
14
(11.73)
17
31
69
100
The value of the test statistic is: 2 = (O E)2 / E = 3.742+ 1.745+ .978+ 1.681 + .784 + .439 = 9.369
Reject the null hypothesis. The two attributes for all jurors are dependent.
11.59
H0: Gender and marital status are not related for all persons who hold more than one job.
H1: Gender and marital status are related for all persons who hold more than one job.
df = (R 1)(C 1) = (2 1)(3 1) = 2
4.605.
Male
Female
Total
Single
72
(67.20)
33
(37.80)
105
Married
209
(199.04)
102
(111.96)
311
Other
39
(53.76)
45
(30.24)
84
Total
320
180
500
The value of the test statistic is: 2 = (O E)2 / E = .343+ .498 + 4.052+ .610+ .886 + 7.204 = 13.593
Reject the null hypothesis. Gender and marital status are related for all persons who hold more than
one job.
11.60
H0: The political distributions of veterans and nonveterans are the same.
H1: The political distributions of veterans and nonveterans are different.
df = (R 1)(C 1) = (2 1)(3 1) = 2
7.378.
Veteran
Nonveteran
Total
Conservative
84
(92)
100
(92)
184
Moderate
90
(76)
62
(76)
152
Liberal
26
(32)
38
(32)
64
Total
200
200
400
The value of the test statistic is: 2 = (O E)2 /E = .696+ 2.579+ 1.125+ .696+ 2.579 + 1.125 = 8.800
Reject H0. The political distributions of veterans and nonveterans are different.
11.61
H0: The percentages of people with different opinions are similar for all four regions.
89
H1: The percentages of people with different opinions are not similar for all four regions.
df = (R 1)(C 1) = (4 1)(3 1) = 6
16.812.
Favor
56
(63.75)
73
(63.75)
67
(63.75)
59
(63.75)
255
Northeast
Midwest
South
West
Total
Oppose
33
(29.75)
23
(29.75)
28
(29.75)
35
(29.75)
119
Uncertain
11
(6.50)
4
(6.50)
5
(6.50)
6
(6.50)
26
Total
100
100
100
100
400
The value of the test statistic is: 2 = (O E)2 / E = .942 + .355 + 3.115 + 1.342 + 1.532 + .962 + .
166 + .103 + .346 + .354 + .926 + .038 = 10.181
Do not reject the null hypothesis. The percentages of people with different opinions are similar for all
four regions.
11.62
a. = .1 .98 = .02
/2 = .02/2 = .01 and 1 /2 = 1 .01 = .99; df = n 1 = 21 1 = 20
(n 1) s 2
2
/ 2
to
(n 1) s 2
12 / 2
( 21 1)(9.2)
( 21 1)(9.2)
to
= 4.8980 to 22.2760
37.566
8.260

b. = 1 .98 = .02,
4.8980 to
/2 = .02/2 = .01,
22.2760 = 2.213 to 4.720
and 1 / 2 = 1 .01 = .99
df = n 1 = 17 1 = 16
(n 1) s 2
2
/ 2
to
(n 1) s 2
12 / 2
(17 1)(1.7)
(17 1)(1.7)
to
= .8500 to 4.6800
32.000
5.812
The 98% confidence interval for is:. .8500 to
11.63
a. = 1 .95 = .05,
4.6800 = .922 to 2.163
/2 = .05/2 = .025, and 1 /2 = 1 .025 = .975
Chapter Eleven
90
df = n 1 = 10 1 = 9
(n 1) s 2
2
/ 2
to
(n 1) s 2
12 / 2
(10 1)(7.2)
(10 1)(7.2)
to
= 3.4064 to 24.0000
19.023
2.700
3.4064 to
24.0000 = 1.846 to 4.899
b. df = n 1 = 18 1 = 17
(n 1) s 2
2
/ 2
to
(n 1) s 2
12 / 2
(18 1)(14.8) (18 1)(14.8)

to
= 8.3336 to 33.2628
30.191
7.564

11.64
H0: 2 = 6.5;
8.3336 to
33.2628 = 2.887 to 5.767
H1: 2 6.5
/2 = .05/2 = .025; 1 /2 = 1 .025 = .975 ,and
df = n 1 = 21 1 = 20

The value of the test statistic is: 2 = (n 1) s2 / 2 = (21 1) (9.2) / 6.5 = 28.308
Do not reject the null hypothesis. The population variance is not different from 6.5.
11.65
H0: 2 = 1.1;
H1: 2 > 1.1
Area in the right tail = = .025.
and
df = n 1 = 17 1 = 16

The value of the test statistic is: 2 = (n 1) s2 / 2 = (17 1)(1.7) / 1.1 = 24.727
Do not reject the null hypothesis. The population variance is not greater than 1.1.
11.66
H0: 2 = 4.2;
H1: 2 > 4.2
Area in the right tail = = .01.
and
df = n 1 = 10 1 = 9

The value of the test statistic is: 2 = (n 1) s2 / 2 = (10 1) (7.2) /4.2 = 15.429
Do not reject the null hypothesis. The population variance is not greater than 4.2.
11.67
H0: 2 = 10.4;
H1: 2 10.4

/2 = .05/2 = .025,1 /2 = 1 .025 = .975,
and
91
df = n 1 = 18 1 = 17

The value of the test statistic is: 2 = (n 1) s2 / 2= (18 1)(14.8) /10.4 = 24.192
Do not reject the null hypothesis. The population variance is not different from 10.4.
11.68
a. H0: 2 = 4.0; H1: 2 > 4.0

df = n 1 = 25 1 = 24
and
for 24 df and .01 area in the right tail = 42.980

The value of the test statistic is: 2 = (n 1) s2 / 2 = (25 1) (8.3) / 4.0 = 49.800
Reject the null hypothesis. The population variance is greater than 4.0 square minutes.
b. = .01,
/2 = .01/2 = .005, and 1 /2 = 1 .005 = .995
df = n 1 = 25 1 = 24
(n 1) s 2
2
/ 2
11.69
to
a. H0: 2 = 5000;
(n 1) s 2
12 / 2
( 25 1)(8.3)
( 25 1)(8.3)
to
= 4.3724 to 20.1497
45.559
9.886
H1: 2 < 5000
Area in the left tail = = .025 and
Area in the right tail = 1 = 1 .025 = .975
df = n 1 = 20 1 = 19
The value of the test statistic is: 2 = (n 1) s2 / 2 = (20 1) (3175) / 5000 = 12.065
Do not reject the null hypothesis. The population variance of the SAT scores for students from the
given school is not lower than 5000.
b. = 1 .98. = .02, /2 = .02/2 = .01,and 1 /2 = 1 .01 = .99
df = n 1 = 20 1 = 19
(n 1) s 2
2
/ 2
to
(n 1) s 2
12 / 2
( 20 1)(3175) ( 20 1)(3175)
to
= 1666.8509 to 7903.1835
36.191
7.633
Chapter Eleven
92
The 98% confidence interval for the population standard deviation is: 1666.8509 to
7903.1835 = 40.827 to 88.900
11.70
a. H0: 2
.025;
Hl: 2 > .025;
df = n 1 = 23 1 = 22
for 22 df and .05 area in the right tail = 33.924

The value of the test statistic is: 2 = (n 1) s2 / 2= (23 1) (.034) /.025 = 29.920
Do not reject the null hypothesis. The population variance is not greater than .025 square
millimeters. Thus the machine does not need an adjustment.
b. /2 = .05/2 = .025, and 1 /2 = 1 .025 = .975
df = n 1 = 23 1 = 22
(n 1) s 2
2
/ 2
11.71
to
(n 1) s 2
12 / 2
( 23 1)(.034) ( 23 1)(.034)
to
= .0203 to .0681
36.781
10.982
a. /2 = .5 (.99/2) = .005 and 1 /2 = 1 .005 = .995

df = n 1 = 25 1 = 24
(n 1) s 2
2
/ 2
to
(n 1) s 2
12 / 2
( 25 1)(.19)
( 25 1)(.19)
to
= .1001 to .4613
45.559
9.886

b. H0: 2 = .13;
.1001 to
.4613 = .316 to .679
Hl: 2 .13
/2 = .01/2 = .005 and 1 /2 = 1 .005 = .995 df = n 1 = 25 1 = 24

Since 35.077 is between 9.886 and 45.559, do not reject H0. The variance of the GPA's is still equal
to .13.
11.72
a. From the given data: n = 7, x = 140, and x2 = 3000

s2 =
x 2 (x) 2 / n 3000 (140) 2 / 7

= 33.3333
n 1
7 1
93
b. /2 = .5 (.98/2) = .01and 1 /2 = 1 .01 = .99

df = n 1 = 7 1 = 6
2 for 6 df and .99 area in the right tail = .872
(n 1) s 2
2
/ 2
to
(n 1) s 2
12 / 2
(7 1)(33.3333) (7 1)(33.3333)
to
= 11.8963 to
16.812
.872
229.3576
c. H0: 2 = 150;
11 .8963 to
229.3576 = 3.449 to 15.145
H1: 2 < 150
2 for 6 df and .99 area in the right tail = .872

The value of the test statistic is: 2 = (n 1) s2 / 2 = ((7 1) (33.3333) / 150 = 1.333
Since 1.333 is greater than .872, do not reject H0. The population variance is not less than 150
square pounds.
11.73
a. From the given data: n = 8, x = 6293, and x2 = 4,957,983

s2 =
x 2 (x ) 2 / n 4,957,983 (6293) 2 / 8
= 1107.4107
n 1
8 1
b. /2 = .5 (.95/2) = .025 and 1 /2 = 1 .025 = .975;

df = n 1 = 8 1 = 7
(n 1) s 2
2
/ 2
to
(n 1) s 2
12 / 2
(8 1)(1107 .4107)
(8 1)(1107 .4107)
to
= 484.0989 to
16.013
1.690
4586.9082
c. H0: 2 = 500;
484.0989 to
4586.9082 = $22.002 to $67.727
H1: 2 500
/2 = .05/2 = .025 and 1 /2 = 1 .025 = .975

The value of the test statistic is: 2 = (n 1) s2 / 2 = (8 1)(1107.4107)2 / 5002 = 15.504
Chapter Eleven
94
Since 15.504 is between 1.690 and 16.013, do not reject H0. Conclude that 2 is not different from
500 square dollars.
11.74
H0: The same proportion of students in each grade watches at least 3 hours of TV per school day.
Hl: The proportion of students in each grade watching at least 3 hours of TV per school day differs.
Assuming that all 1200 students answered either "yes" or "no", we obtain the following two way
table.
df = (R 1)(C 1) = (4 1)(2 1) = 3
Grade
9
10
11
12
Yes
135
(112.5)
117
(112.5)
105
(112.5)
93
(112.5)
450
No
165
(187.5)
183
(187.5)
195
(187.5
207
(187.5
750
Total
300
300
300
300
1200
The test statistic is: 2 = (O E)2 /E=4.500+ 2.700+ .180+ .108+ .500+ .300+ 3.380+ 2.028 = 13.696
Since 13.696 > 11.345, reject H0. The proportion of students in each grade watching at least 3 hours of
TV per school day differs.
11.75
H0: Opinions on disposal site are independent of gender.

Hl: Opinions on disposal site are dependent on gender.
df = (R 1)(C 1) = (2 1)(3 1) = 2
For = .05, and df = 2, the critical value of 2 is 5.991
From the given data we can calculate the following:
Total number opposed = 200(.60) = 120
Total number in favor = 200(.32) = 64
Total number undecided = 200(.08) = 16
Number of women opposed = 120(.65) = 78
Number of men opposed = 120 78 = 42
Number of men in favor = 64(.625) = 40
Number of women in favor = 64 40 = 24
Number of women undecided = 110 78 24 = 8
Number of men undecided = 16 8 = 8
Using these results, we may construct the following twoway table of observations and expected
values.
Opposed
78
(66.0)
42
(54.0)
120
Women
Men
Total
Opinion on
In Favor
24
(35.2)
40
(28.8)
64
95
Site
Undecided
8
(8.8)
8
(7.2)
16
Total
110
90
200
The test statistic is: 2 = (O E)2 / E = 2.182 + 3.564 + .073 + 2.667 + 4.356 + .089 = 12.931
Since 12.931 > 5.991, reject H0. Conclude that opinions on the disposal site are dependent on gender.
11.76
a. H0: p1 = p 2 ;
H1: p1 p 2 ;
1 = 48/52 = .923 and p

2 = 44/54 = .815
p
p =
48 44
52 54
=.868 and q = 1 .868 = .132
s p1 p 2 = pq 1 1
n
n
2
1
z=
1
1
(.868)(.132)
52
54
= .06576597
( p 1 p 2 ) ( p1 p 2 ) (.923 .815) 0
= 1.64
s p1 p 2
.06576597
For z = 1.64, the area in the right tail of the normal distribution is .5 .4495 = .0505. Hence,
p value = 2(.0505) = .1010
b.
Pass
Instructor A
Instructor B
Total
48
(45.13)
44
(46.87)
92
Did Not
Pass
4
(6.87)
10
(7.13)
14
Total
52
54
106
For df = 1 and 2 = 2.713, the area in the right tail is about .1000. Hence, p value = .1000
c. z2 = (1.64)2 is approximately equal to 2 = 2.713. The difference is due to rounding.
The p values are the same (the difference is due to rounding), which is always true since the tests
in parts a and b are equivalent.
11.77
H0: The proportions of red and green marbles are the same in all five boxes.
Hl: The proportions of red and green marbles are not the same in all five boxes.
df = (R 1)(C 1) = (2 1)(5 1) = 4
Chapter Eleven
96
The following table lists the observed and expected frequencies.

The expected frequencies are given in parentheses below observed frequencies.
Box
Red
1
20
(21)
30
(29)
50
Green
Total
2
14
(21)
36
(29)
50
3
23
(21)
27
(29)
50
4
30
(21)
20
(29)
50
5
18
(21)
32
(29)
50
Total
105
145
250
The value of the test statistic is: 2 = (O E)2 / E
(20 21) 2 (14 21) 2 ( 23 21) 2 (30 21) 2 (18 21) 2 (30 29) 2 (36 29) 2 (27 2
21
21
21
21
21
29
29
29
(20 29) 2 (32 29) 2
.048 2.333 .190 3.857 .429 .034 1.690 .138 2.793 .310 11
29
29
Since, 11.822 > 9.488, reject H0. The proportions of red and green marbles are not the same in all five
boxes.
Self-Review Test for Chapter Eleven
1. b
2. a
3. c
4. a
5. b
6. b
7. c
8. b
9. a
10. H0: The current distribution of opinions on this matter is the same as that of 2002.
H1: The current distribution of opinions on this matter differs from that of 2002.
df = k 1 = 5 1 = 4
Opinion
Merit
Seniority
Connections
Luck
Other
O
227
152
118
35
68
n = 600
p
.39
.26
.17
.06
.12
= np
234
156
102
36
72
7
4
16
1
4
( )2
49
16
256
1
16
( ) 2/
.209
.103
2.510
.028
.222
Sum = 3.072

Since 3.072 < 13.277, do not reject H0.
Conclude that the current distribution of opinions on this matter is the same as that of 2002.
11. H0: Educational level and ever being divorced are independent.
97
H1: Educational level and ever being divorced are dependent.

df = (R 1)(C 1) = (2 1)(4 1) = 3
11.345
Divorced
Never
Divorced
Total
Less than
High school
173
(160.47)
162
(174.54)
335
Educational
High school
degree
158
(136.04)
126
(147.96)
284
Level
Some
college
95
(98.20)
110
(106.80)
205
College
degree
53
(84.30)
123
(91.70)
176
Total
479
521
1000

2 = (O E)2 / E = .978 + 3.545 + .104 + 11.621 + .901 + 3.259 + .096 + 10.684 = 31.188
Reject the null hypothesis. Educational level and ever being divorced are dependent.
12. H0: The percentages of people who play the lottery often, sometimes, and never are the same for each
income group.
Hl: The percentages of people who play the lottery often, sometimes, and never are not the same for each
income group.
df = (R 1)(C 1) = (3 1)(3 1) = 4
For = .05 and df = 4, the critical value of 2 is 9.488
Play often
Play sometimes
Never Play
Total
Low
174
(170.80)
286
(249.20)
140
(180.00)
600
Income Group
Middle
163
(142.33)
217
(207.67)
120
(150.00)
500
High
90
(113.87)
120
(166.13)
190
(120.00)
400
Total
427
623
450
1500
The value of the test statistic is: 2 = (O E)2 / E = .060 + 3.002 + 5.004 + 5.434 + .419 + 12.809 +
8.889 + 6.000 + 40.833 = 82.450
Since 82.450 > 9.488, reject H0. The percentages of people who play the lottery often, sometimes, and
never are not the same for each income group.
13. a. /2 = .01/2 = .005 and 1 /2 = 1 .005 = .995
df = n 1 = 20 1 = 19
Chapter Eleven
98
(n 1) s 2
2
/ 2
to
(n 1) s 2
12 / 2
( 20 1)(.48)
( 20 1)(.48)
to
= .2364 to 1.3326
38.582
6.844

b. H0: 2 = .25;
.2364 to
1.3326 = .486 to 1.154
H1: 2 > .25

df = n 1 = 20 1 = 19
Reject the null hypothesis. The population variance is greater than .25 square ounces.

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Mann Introductory Statistics, Fifth Edition, Solutions Manual

See box on page 512 of the text.

For df = 12 and .025 area in the right tail:

For df = 28 and .05 area in the right tail:

a. For df = 4 and .005 area in the right tail: 2 = 14.860

b. For df = 13 and .995 area in the right tail, 2 = 3.565.

Following are the four characteristics of a multinomial experiment.

H0: The die is fair;

1: The die is not fair.

The value of the test statistic is: 2 = (O E)2 / E = 5.200

Do not reject the null hypothesis. The die is fair.

Mann Introductory Statistics, Fifth Edition, Solutions Manual

The value of the test statistic is: 2 = (O E)2 / E = 21.337

Area in the right tail = = .01

The critical value of 2 = 11.345.

The value of the test statistic is: 2 = (O E)2 / E = 7.774

The value of the test statistic is: 2 = (O E)2 / E = 6.752

H0: The distribution of payment methods has not changed.

Thus, the value of the test statistic is: 2 = (O E)2 / E = 10.886

Mann Introductory Statistics, Fifth Edition, Solutions Manual

Thus the value of the test statistic is: 2 = (O E)2 / E = 25.209

H0: The sample is random.

Thus, value of the test statistic is: 2 = (O E)2 / E = 6.534

The value of the test statistic is 2 = (O E)2 / E = 65.087

a. H0: Columns and rows are independent.

H1: Columns and rows are dependent.

Mann Introductory Statistics, Fifth Edition, Solutions Manual

Wearing a seat belt

Not wearing seat belt

H0: Gender and responses are independent.

1: Gender and responses are dependent.

H0: Use of a financial advisor is unrelated to stock ownership.

Mann Introductory Statistics, Fifth Edition, Solutions Manual

H0: Smoking and visits to the physician are not related.

Visits to the Physician

The value of the test statistic is:

H0: Causes of fires and region are unrelated.

The value of the test statistic is:

H0: The two drugs are similar in curing the patients.

For = .01 and df = 3, the critical value of 2 is 11.345.

Mann Introductory Statistics, Fifth Edition, Solutions Manual

The value of the test statistic is:

For = .01 and df = 4, the critical value of 2 is 13.277.

/2 = 5 (.95/2) = .025 and 1 /2 = 1 .025 = .975

(12 1)(46) (12 1)(46)

Mann Introductory Statistics, Fifth Edition, Solutions Manual

(16 1)( 46) (16 1)( 46)

( 25 1)(46) ( 25 1)( 46)

b. /2 = .5 (.95/2) = .025 and 1 /2 = 1 .025 = .975

c. /2 = .5 (.90/2) = .005 and 1 /2 = 1 .05 = .95

b. /2 = .05/2 = .025 and 1 /2 = 1 .025 = .975; df = n 1 = 22 1 = 21

H1: 2 > .80

H1: 2 < 1.25

b. /2 = .05/2 = .025 and 1 /2 = 1 .025 = .975;

a. /2 = .01/2 = .005 and 1 /2 = 1 .005 = .995

Mann Introductory Statistics, Fifth Edition, Solutions Manual

The 99% confidence interval for is:

.0389 = .083 to .197.

b. H0: 2 = .01; Hl: 2 > .01.

The 99% confidence interval for is: 1.4743 to

6.2251 = 1.214 to 2.495

Area in the right tail = = .01 and

2 for 22 df and .01 area in the right tail = 40.289