Life Cycle Cost Estimate for

1 ENERGY STAR Qualified Air Source Heat Pump(s)

This simple energy savings calculator was developed by the U.S. EPA and U.S. DOE and is provided for estimating purposes only. Actual
energy savings may vary based on use and other factors. For a more sophisticated estimate, use the ENERGY STAR HVAC Investor software
or a bin-hour tool.

Enter your own values in the gray4 boxes or use our default values.
Number of units

Electric Rate ($/kWh)

$0.113
City

DC-Washington

Choose your city from the drop-down menu

ENERGY STAR
Qualified Unit
Initial Cost per Unit (estimated retail price)
Heating Seasonal Performance Factor (HSPF) rating
Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio (SEER) rating
Heat Pump Capacity (Btu/hr)
Use with programmable thermostat (Yes/No)

Conventional Unit

$6,700

$5,700

8.2

7.7

15

13

36,000

36,000

Yes

No

Annual and Life Cycle Costs and Savings for 1 Air Source Heat Pump(s)
1 ENERGY STAR
Qualified Units

1 Conventional Units

Savings with
ENERGY STAR

Annual Operating Costs*

Energy cost

$1,160

Energy consumption (kWh)

10,279

Maintenance cost

Total

$1,499
13,291

$340
3,012

$0

$0

$0

$1,160

$1,499

$340

$10,882

$14,071

$3,188

$10,882

$14,071

Life Cycle Costs*

Operating costs (energy and maintenance)
Energy costs
Energy consumption (kWh)

123,354

Maintenance costs
Purchase price for 1 unit(s)

Total

159,495

$3,188
36,141

$0

$0

$0

$6,700

$5,700

-$1,000

$17,582

$19,771

$2,188

Simple payback of initial additional cost (years)

2.9

* Annual costs exclude the initial purchase price. All costs, except initial cost, are discounted over the products' lifetime using a real discount rate of 4%.
See "Assumptions" to change factors including the discount rate.

A simple payback period of zero years means that the payback is immediate.

Summary of Benefits for 1 Air Source Heat Pump(s)

Initial cost difference
Life cycle savings
Net life cycle savings (life cycle savings - additional cost)
Simple payback of additional cost (years)
Life cycle energy saved (kWh)
Life cycle air pollution reduction (lbs of CO2)
Air pollution reduction equivalence (number of cars removed from the road for a year)
Savings as a percent of retail price

$1,000
$3,188
$2,188
2.9
36,141
55,657
5
33%

Assumptions for Air Source Heat Pumps

Category
Power
ENERGY STAR Qualified Unit
Initial Cost Per Unit
Heating Seasonal Performance Factor (HSPF) ratin
Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio (SEER) rating

Value

Data Source

$6,700

Industry Data 2008

8.2

The HSPF criteria for ENERGY STAR qualified residential air-source

heat pumps are 8.2 for split systems and 8.0 for single package
equipment.
ENERGY STAR Specification: The SEER criteria for ENERGY STAR

14.5

Heating Capacity of Air Source Heat Pump (Btu/hr)

Lifetime

36,000 Btu/hr
12 years

qualified residential air-source heat pumps is 14.5

Assumption
LBNL 2007

Conventional Unit
Initial Cost Per Unit
Heating Seasonal Performance Factor (HSPF) ratin
Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio (SEER) rating
Heating Capacity of Air Source Heat Pump (Btu/hr)
Lifetime

$5,700
7.7
13
36,000 Btu/hr
12 years

Industry Data 2008

NAECA
NAECA
Assumption
LBNL 2007

Maintenance
Labor cost (per hour)
Labor time (hours)

Usage
Full-Load Cooling/Heating Hours for Selected Locatio
AK-Anchorage
AK-Barrow
AK-Fairbanks
AK-Juneau
AK-Nome
AL-Birmingham
AL-Huntsville
AL-Mobile
AL-Montgomery
AR-Fort Smith
AR-Little Rock
AZ-Flagstaff
AZ-Phoenix
AZ-Tucson
AZ-Winslow
AZ-Yuma
CA-Beverly Hills
CA-Los Angeles
CA-Palm Springs
CA-Sacramento
CA-San Diego
CA-San Francisco
CA-Stockton
CO-Alamosa
CO-Colorado Springs
CO-Denver
CO-Grand Junction
CO-Pueblo
CT-Bridgeport
CT-Hartford
DC-Washington
DE-Wilmington
FL-Daytona Beach
FL-Fort Myers
FL-Gainesville
FL-Jacksonville
FL-Key West
FL-Miami
FL-Orlando
FL-Pensacola
FL-Tallahassee
FL-Tampa
FL-W. Palm Beach
GA-Athens
GA-Atlanta
GA-Augusta
GA-Columbus
GA-Macon
GA-Savannah
HI-Hilo
HI-Honolulu
IA-Des Moines

$20
0
Cooling
1,320
0
0
129
0
0
1557
1464
2265
1819
1432
1583
179
2141
1842
950
2315
1166
1530
2092
871
1347
224
1158
97
523
628
997
834
942
695
1320
1015
2763
3288
2228
2086
4566
3931
2915
2297
2215
3068
3479
1493
1484
1548
1845
1900
1963
4179
5016
941

EPA 2004
EPA 2004
Heating
2,061
3128
4612
3059
3414
3749
1562
1606
1130
1366
1738
1681
2854
1116
1261
2112
907
1277
1070
630
2016
1467
2948
1834
2947
2418
2255
2352
2018
2358
2555
2061
2346
720
504
889
1020
342
265
583
1047
1133
709
314
1655
1686
1467
1379
1367
1213
0
0
2247

EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA

2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002

Assumptions for Air Source Heat Pumps

Category
IA-Dubuque
IA-Sioux City
IA-Waterloo
ID-Boise
ID-Lewiston
ID-Pocatello
IL-Chicago
IL-Moline
IL-Peoria
IL-Rockford
IL-Springfield
IN-Evansville
IN-Fort Wayne
IN-Indianapolis
IN-South Bend
KS-Dodge City
KS-Goodland
KS-Topeka
KS-Wichita
KY-Lexington
KY-Louisville
KY-Paducah
LA-Baton Rouge
LA-Lake Charles
LA-New Orleans
LA-Shreveport
MA-Boston
MA-Worcester
MD-Baltimore
ME-Caribou
ME-Portland
MI-Alpena
MI-Detroit
MI-Flint
MI-Grand Rapids
MI-Lansing
MI-Marquette
MI-Muskegon
MI-Sault St Marie
MN-Duluth
MN-International Falls
MN-Minneapolis
MN-Rochester
MN-St. Cloud
MO-Columbia
MO-Kansas City
MO-Springfield
MO-St. Louis
MS-Jackson
MS-Meridian
MS-Tupelo
MT-Billings
MT-Glasgow
MT-Great Falls
MT-Havre
MT-Helena
MT-Kalispell
MT-Miles city
MT-Missoula
NC-Asheville
NC-Charlotte
NC-Greensboro
NC-Raleigh
NC-Wilmington
ND-Bismarck
ND-Fargo
ND-Williston
NE-Grand Island
NE-Lincoln
NE-Norfolk
NE-North Platte
NE-Omaha
NE-Scottsbluff
NH-Concord
NJ-Atlantic City
NJ-Newark

Value
605
836
667
614
636
411
683
830
948
714
1036
1181
786
948
710
1109
723
1068
1225
1080
1150
1193
2233
2299
2388
1892
729
453
1050
220
321
216
642
497
595
578
222
570
196
212
288
662
523
414
1050
1032
1178
1215
1832
1726
1623
510
465
408
403
307
193
621
225
919
1325
1203
1239
1758
437
476
459
851
899
801
640
890
647
385
832
1007

Data Source
2458
2316
2412
2532
2208
2590
2459
2260
2166
2418
2154
2027
2370
2152
2391
2024
2252
2093
1981
2027
1975
1939
1115
1115
1118
1361
2397
2734
2172
2959
2728
2843
2670
2650
2771
2620
3130
2817
3059
2934
2828
2496
2580
2831
2048
2149
1997
2009
1433
1417
1611
2308
2585
2330
2735
2423
2787
2367
2650
2021
1865
1978
1883
1519
2593
2702
2579
2288
2284
2437
2403
2327
2365
2641
2198
2340

EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA

2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002

Assumptions for Air Source Heat Pumps

Category
NM-Albuquerque
NM-Roswell
NV-Elko
NV-Ely
NV-Las Vegas
NV-Reno
NV-Winnemucca
NY-Albany
NY-Binghamton
NY-Buffalo
NY-New York
NY-Rochester
NY-Syracuse
OH-Akron
OH-Cincinnati
OH-Cleveland
OH-Columbus
OH-Dayton
OH-Mansfield
OH-Toledo
OH-Youngstown
OK-Oklahoma City
OK-Tulsa
OR-Astoria
OR-Eugene
OR-Medford
OR-Pendleton
OR-Portland
OR-Salem
PA-Allentown
PA-Erie
PA-Harrisburg
PA-Philadelphia
PA-Pittsburgh
PA-Scranton
PA-Williamsport
RI-Providence
SC-Charleston
SC-Columbia
SC-Greenville
SD-Aberdeen
SD-Huron
SD-Rapid City
SD-Sioux Falls
TN-Bristol
TN-Chattanooga
TN-Knoxville
TN-Memphis
TN-Nashville
TX-Abilene
TX-Amarillo
TX-Austin
TX-Brownsville
TX-Corpus Christi
TX-Dallas
TX-Del Rio
TX-El Paso
TX-Galveston
TX-Houston
TX-Lubbock
TX-Midland
TX-Port Arthur
TX-San Angelo
TX-San Antonio
TX-Victoria
TX-Waco
TX-Wichita Falls
UT-Salt Lake City
VA-Lynchburg
VA-Norfolk
VA-Richmond
VA-Roanoke
VT-Burlington
WA-Olympia
WA-Seattle
WA-Spokane

Value
1038
1355
361
209
1773
317
418
515
440
571
1089
554
552
714
996
639
828
947
711
649
554
1436
1486
56
261
534
622
379
248
784
482
929
1032
737
621
659
656
2127
1626
1386
544
633
593
691
1066
1353
1288
1654
1375
1741
1142
2412
3233
2958
1926
2380
1524
2967
2209
1298
1546
2452
2225
2237
2465
2041
1671
785
1031
1346
1188
1002
455
125
282
395

Data Source
2162
1596
2596
2678
1642
2631
2481
2598
2754
2765
2337
2685
2586
2539
2134
2471
2274
2238
2500
2464
2581
1724
1722
3499
2679
2742
2105
2681
2842
2492
2901
2371
2328
2380
2532
2502
2532
1212
1539
1808
2571
2462
2434
2490
2050
1830
1909
1638
1768
1398
1880
1142
562
776
1343
1098
1559
1037
1127
1688
1450
1043
1291
1101
926
1308
1538
2443
2117
1923
1980
2113
2651
3186
2956
2622

EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA

2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002

Assumptions for Air Source Heat Pumps

Category
WA-Walla Walla
WA-Yakima
WI-Green Bay
WI-La Crosse
WI-Madison
WI-Milwaukee
WV-Beckley
WV-Charleston
WV-Elkins
WV-Huntington
WY-Casper
WY-Cheyenne
WY-Lander
WY-Sheridan

Value
714
415
457
713
487
513
699
967
477
1035
439
353
455
387

Data Source
1989
2412
2641
2445
2547
2548
2194
2088
2459
2040
2620
2658
2496
2578

EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA

2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002

Discount Rate
Commercial and Residential Discount Rate (real)

Programable Thermostat Discount Rate

4%
17%

A real discount rate of 4 percent is assumed, which is roughly

equivalent to the nominal discount rate of 7 percent (4 percent real
discount rate + 3 percent inflation rate).
LBNL 2007 (Based on minimum estimated savings)

Energy and Water Prices

Commercial Electricity Price
Residential Electricity Price

$0.0962 $/kWh
$0.1128 $/kWh

National average: US Department of Energy, Annual Energy Outlook 2013 (Early

Carbon Dioxide Emissions Factors

Electricity CO2 Emission Factor

CO2 Equivalents

Annual CO2 emissions per average passenger car

1.54 lbs CO2/kWh EPA 2013

11,244 lbs CO2/yr

EPA Greenhouse Gas Equivalencies Calculator, 2013

If you have questions, comments or suggestions, please write to calculators@energystar.gov

Calculator last updated April 2009, utility and emission rates updated 2013