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Advantages:
1. External pull up resistor is not required
2. Operating speed is high
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Disadvantages:
Output of two gates cannot be tied together.
108. Explain the wired And connection?
When the open collector outputs of two or more gates can be connected together, the
connection is called a wired AND.
It is represented as:
1. In wired AND connection, the output is high only when all the switches are open
2. Hence, the output is equivalent to the logical AND operation of the logic function
performed
by the gates.
109. State the advantages and disadvantages of wired AND connection.
Advantage is, Outputs of two gates can be tied together using wired-AND technique.
Disadvantage is, Operating Speed is Low.
How to avoid Lock out Condition?
1. The counter should be provided with an additional circuit. This will force the counter from
an unused state to the next state as initial state.
2. It is not always necessary to force all unused states into an initial state. Because from
unused
states which are not forced, the circuit may eventually arrive at a forced unused state. This
frees the circuit from the Lock out condition.
What are the types of shift register?
1. Serial in serial out shift register? 2. Serial in parallel out shift register 3. Parallel in serial
out shift register 4. Parallel in parallel out shift register 5. Bidirectional shift register shift
register.
95. What are the types of counter?
1. Synchronous counter 2. Asynchronous Counter
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every pair of states si, sj of a sequential machine, there eights an input sequence which takes
M
from Si to Sj then sequential machine M is said to be strongly connected.
101. State and prove consensus theorem in Boolean algebra?
In simplification of Boolean expression, the redundant term in an expression can be
eliminated to form the equivalent expression. The theorem used for this simplification is
called
consensus theorem. For ex in expression of the AB+AC+BC, the term BC is redundant and
can be
eliminated using Consensus theorem.Give Applications of MUX?
Applications:
1. MUX can be used to realize a Boolean function
2. It can be used in communication systems e.g. time division multiplexing
104. Define Latch?
It is a sequential device that checks all of its inputs continuously and changes its outputs
accordingly at any time, independent of a clocking signal.
83. What do you mean by present state?
The information stored in the memory elements at any given time defines the present state
of the sequential circuit.
84. What do you mean by next state?
The present state and the external inputs determine the outputs and the next state of the
sequential circuit.
85. What are the types of sequential circuits?
1. Synchronous sequential circuits 2. Asynchronous sequential circuits
86. Define synchronous sequential circuit
In synchronous sequential circuits, signals can affect the memory elements only at discrete
instant of time.
87. Define Asynchronous sequential circuit?
In asynchronous sequential circuits change in input signals can affect memory element at
any instant of time
88. Define flip-flop
Flip - flop is a sequential device that normally. samples its inputs and changes its outputs
only at times determined by clocking signal.
89. List various types of flip-flop
1] S.R. latch 2] D latch 3] Clocked J.K. flip-flop 4] T flip-flop