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Problem Solutions
Problem 3.1
A.
dB
dB
4 10log d .
Substituting gives
Pr
B.
dB
20
6 2 20log 20 20log 3 2 4 10log 20 103
0.001
87.5 dBm.
10log
3 108
0.250 m.
1.2 109
Lpath
dB
4 20 103
4 d
20log
20log
120 dB.
0.250
Pr
dB
Pt
dB
Gt
dB
Gr
dB
Lsys
dB
Lpath
dB
20
10log
6 2 2 120
0.001
71.0 dBm.
C.
2 ht hr
A 2Adir sin
d
0.0754 .
d
0.250 20 103
Then sin 0.0754 0.0753 . That is, the argument is about 0.1% larger
than the sine.
Problem 3.2
From the geometry of Figure 3.2,
Chapter 3, 1
ht
x
20
tan 1
,
x
tan i
hr
dx
3
tan 1
,
dx
tan r
2 20 3
2 ht hr
A 2 Adir sin
2 Adir sin
A Adir
1.82 Adir .
4 ht hr
4 20 3
Adir
2.29 Adir .
d
0.250 1.32 103
Problem 3.3
We start by calculating the thermal noise floor. The noise figure is
F dB 9 dB or F 7.94 . The noise power referred to the receiver input is
Pn kTant B kT0B F 1
dB
Chapter 3, 2
B.
30
103 dBm 10log
6 3 3 Lpath
0.001
This gives a maximum path loss of Lpath
dB
dB
154 dB . Now
4 d
20log
. At 850 MHz the wavelength is 0.353 m .
Substituting gives d 1.41 106 m .
Lpath
dB
Problem 3.4
Since the noise and interference powers add, we will have to work with
power rather than with decibels. From Problem 3.3 we know that the
noise floor is at Pn 957 1018 W . The signal power is 17 dB higher, or
39.8.
Pn Pi 957 1018 Pi
Solving gives the interference power as Pi 248 1018 W . That is,
Pi
dB
30
126 dBm 10log
6 3 20log 30 20log 1.6 3 4 10log d i
0.001
84.4 dBm 40log di ,
Problem 3.5
A.
0.225 dB.
Then Equation (3.33) gives the median path loss as
Chapter 3, 3
C.
dB
15
10log
dBm 7 dB 2 dB 4 dB 167 dB
0.001
121 dBm.
dB
15
3
10log
7 2 20log 30 20log 1.6 4 4 10log 12 10
0.001
82.8 dBm.
The flat Earth model gives an overly optimistic estimate of the received
signal power.
Problem 3.6
We start by calculating the thermal noise floor. The noise figure is
F dB 6 dB or F 3.98 . The noise power referred to the receiver input is
Pn kT0BF
1.38 10 23
290 30 10 3.98
3
478 10 18 W.
dB
15
105 dBm 10log
dBm 7 dB 2 dB 4 dB L50 urban db .
0.001
The maximum path loss is L50 urban dB 152 dB . The Hata model
gives
Chapter 3, 4
B.
15
105 dBm 10log
7 2 20log 30 20log 1.6 4 4 10log d .
0.001
Solving gives d 43.1 km .
The flat Earth model overestimates the maximum range by an order of
magnitude.
Problem 3.7
Equation (3.35) gives
Then Equation (3.33) gives the median path loss in urban areas as
138 dB.
Problem 3.8
In the Lee model, distances are measured in feet and miles. Converting
the parameters given in Problem 3.5 gives ht 98.4 ft , hr 5.25 ft , and
d 7.46 mi . Now Equation (3.50) gives
Chapter 3, 5
98.4
5.25
1200
20log 10 30log 850
100
15
10log
40 7 8.15 2 2.15
0.001
c 20log
9.77 dB.
Table 3.1 gives P1mile dB 77 dBm and 4.8 for New York. Equation
(3.49), modified to include system losses, gives
7.46
Pr ,50 dB 77 dBm 10 4.8log
9.77 dB 4 dB
1
133 dBm.
Problem 3.9
In the solution to Problem 3.6 we showed that the minimum received
signal power is Pr dB 105 dBm . Using the numbers from Problem 3.8,
we have
d
105 dBm 77 dBm 10 4.8log 9.77 dB 4 dB.
1
Solving gives d 1.98 mi , or 3.18 km. This is lower than the 4.35 km
obtained in Problem 3.6 using the Hata model. Part of the difference may
be a consequence of the large value of path-loss exponent that the Lee
model uses for New York City.
Problem 3.10
From Equation (3.64) we have
PQ Pr Pr
dB
dB
pr
pr Pr
dB
Q
dB
path
is given by fm dB Pr
dB
pr
dB
dB
f
Q m dB
path
Problem 3.11
The receiver sensitivity is pr
dB
fm
PQ 0.85 Q dB .
7 dB
Chapter 3, 6
This is equivalent to
fm
0.15 Q dB .
7 dB
Pr
dB
pr
dB
dB
pr
dB
. Substituting gives
Problem 3.12
Equation (3.50) gives
100
5
1800
20log 30log
100
10
850
44 40 4 8.15 2 2.15
c 20log
16.1 dB.
Table 3.1 gives P1mile dB 70 dBm and 3.68 for Philadelphia.
Equation (3.49), modified to include system losses, gives
10
Pr ,50 dB 70 dBm 10 3.68log 16.1 dB 2 dB
1
125 dBm.
A.
Q
dB
dB
path
8 dB
Q 1.25 0.106.
Pr Pr
Pr Pr
B.
dB
pr
Then,
115 dBm 114 dBm
Pr Pr 5 mi dB 115 dBm Q
8 dB
Q 0.147 0.558.
Chapter 3, 7
Problem 3.13
The receivers thermal noise floor is given by
Pn kT0BF 1.38 1023 290 200 103 3.98 3.19 1015 W,
dB
Pr Pr
Solving gives Pr
dB
dB
pr
pr Pr
dB
0.90
Q
dB
path
dB
100 dBm Pr
Q
8 dB
dB
3.12,
d
89.7 dBm 70 dBm 10 3.68log 16.1 dB 2 dB.
1
Solving gives the maximum operating range as d 1.11 mi or 1.78 km .
Problem 3.14
A.
dB
Q m dB
path
fm
0.95 Q dB .
6 dB
pr
dB
fm dB Pr
Pr
C.
dB
dB
pr
dB
fm dB pr
dB
dB
dB
gives
dB
dB
154 dB .
Chapter 3, 8
hte 63.4 m .
Problem 3.15
Equation (3.80) gives
0 d2 d1
c t2 t1 .
Then
f0
and
1
,
t 2 t1
2 1.
f0 , as required.
2
2 f t2 t1 2 1 2 n .
Chapter 3, 9
1
Substituting as above and solving for f gives f nf0
f0 , as
2 2
required.
The difference between two successive frequency peaks is
1
f f0
.
t 2 t1
In Figure 3.6 we are given t2 t1 0.5 s . This implies f 2 MHz . The
figure shows peaks at 850.3 MHz, 852.3 MHz, and 854.3 MHz, which is
consistent with the prediction.
Problem 3.16
Using Equation (3.101) with the average power Pr 2 ,
Pr Pr Pr
1 Pr
e dp
Pr
Pr
p
Pr
1
e 0.368.
Pr
Problem 3.17
Using Equation (3.101) with the average power Pr 2 ,
p
P
pr ,min
1 Pr
e dp
Pr
pr ,min
Pr
0.95.
Solving gives
pr ,min
Pr
0.0513
Pr 19.5 pr ,min
p
Pr
19.5 r ,min
Pn
Pn
SNR 19.5 SNRmin .
Converting to decibels gives
Chapter 3, 10
SNR
dB
12.9 dB SNRmin
dB
Problem 3.18
Converting out of decibels gives the following powers and corresponding
delays:
Power Delay Data
Relative Power
Delay ( s )
1.0
0.5
2.0
Problem 3.19
3 108
0.158 m .
1.9 109
The receivers velocity is 60 mph, or v 26.8 m/s . The maximum
v
26.8
Doppler shift is then fd
170 Hz . Signals arrive over the two
0.158
paths with Doppler shifts of
fd 1 fd cos 5 169 Hz
fd 2 fd
cos 85 14.8 Hz.
Chapter 3, 11
9
1.05 ms .
16 fd
814 109
9
v
16
0.158
Problem 3.20
path
9
4.2
Fu 0.90 gives a required boundary coverage of Pp R 0.75 . Next
Equation (3.64) gives
fm
0.75 Pp R Pr Pr R dB psens dB Q dB .
path
First,
sens
sens
Chapter 3, 12