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235
I. INTRODUCTION
The power transmission system in Turkey involves 771
buses, 955 lines and 366 transformers. In the 380-kV
interconnected power system of Turkey which consists of
30 generation and 35 load buses, totaling 65 buses, 5 plants
are otoproductor, 6 plants are mobile, 12 plants are thermal
and 7 plants are hydrothermal. Rail, cardinal and pheasanttype conductors which are two or three bundled are used in
this system. Lengths of transmission lines change between 7
km to 468 km. There are also series capacitors in the long
transmission lines. Some of the transmission lines are
double lines [1].
In this paper, the Turkey's 380-kV interconnected
system are explained in details and the Newton Raphson
power flow analysis is performed to the system which
consists of 65 buses..
II. NEWTON RAPHSON POWER FLOW ANALYSIS
Power flow studies are important in planning and
designing the future expansion of power systems as well as
in determining best operation of existing systems. The
principal information obtained from power flow study is the
magnitude and the phase angle of the voltage at each bus
and the real and the reactive power flowing in each line [2].
The power flow problem can be formulated as a set of
nonlinear algebraic equality/inequality constraints.
Either the bus self and mutual admittances which
compose the bus admittance matrix Ybu, or the driving point
and transfer impedances which compose Zbus may be used in
solving power flow problem. Power flow calculation
provides power flows and voltages for a specified power
system subject to regulating capability of generators,
capacitors and tap changers, transformers as well as
specified net interchange between individual operating
system [3].
Y1
Y12
iYN
Y21
Y22
Y2N
Yij
Pi-jQi
Vi Ii Vi
n=l
inV
n=l
=(6in
YniV+ /6-/i) 2
n=l
N
Qi
E ViVrYi,
n=l
sinf(0ir + l,
(4)
Pi,g
P,cal
(Pgi
,cal
(5)
(6)
][lJl
j12
ILAvI
(7)
236
J11:
aP(5
aJi
V=l, sin
summer
a,5j -Y
| | Yi,k ||Vj sin(,5i -i5jJk
i,, ), k # i
TABLE 2
TOTAL GENERATION BY NUMBER OF THE GROUPS AND
INTERIOR CONSUMPTION OF THE PLANTS
Ji2:
ai
Iyi,j ||Vj
sin(gi gj
-
aQ =Vi
yiyksin(5i-
a~k
J21:
aQi
aYv
aQ
Plant Name
Ok
Ada DG
Altinkaya
Ambarli
Atatuirk
BirecikHes
Bursa DG
yij
1|Vj1sin(gi -j -6ij)
Y=l
Vi)
al5k
i,k ), k #
(Catalan
ayirhan
Elbistan
Gebze DG
J22:
3Pi
G6kqekaya
HasanUgurlu
III.
Hamitabat
Izmir DG
Karakaya
Keban
Kemerkoy
Kemerkoy
Oymapinar
Seyitomer
Soma
Sugozui
Unimar
Yatagan
Yenikoy
Otopr.+Mobil
TABLE 1
TOTAL POWER OF THE SYSTEM BETWEEN 1973 AND 2003 YEARS
Year Thermal
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
puant load)
2207,1
2282,9
2407
2491,6
2854,6
2987,9
2987,9
2987,9
3181,3
3556,3
3695,8
4584,3
5244,3
6235,2
7489,3
8299,8
9208,4
9550,8
10092
10334
10653
10992
11089
11312
11786
13021
15555
16052
16623
19385
22809
Increase
Hydrothermal Jeoter Total
+Wind (MW)
(%)
(MW)
17,7
3192,5
985,4
16,9
3732,1
1449,2
12,2
4186,6
1779,6
4,2
4364,2
1872,6
8,3
4727,2
1872,6
3
4868,7
1880,8
5,1
5118,7
2130,8
0
5118,7
2130,8
8,2
5537,6
2356,3
19,9
6638,6
3082,3
4,5
6935,1
3239,3
22
8459,1
17,5
3874,8
7,8
3874,8
17.5 9119,1
10,9
3877,5
17,5 10112,7
23,5
5003,3
17,5 12492,6
16,2
6218,3
17,5 14518,1
8,9
17,5 15805,7
6597,3
3,2
6764,3
17,5 16315,1
5,5
17,5 17206,6
7113,8
8,8
8378,7
17,5 18713,6
8,7
9681,7
17,5 20335,1
2,6
9864,6
17,5 20857,3
0,5
17,5 20951,8
9862,8
1,4
9934,8
17,5 21246,9
3
10102
17,5 21889,4
6,7
10306
26,2
24189
11,8
10537
26,2 26119,3
4,4
11175
36,4 27264,1
3,9
11672
36,4 28332,4
11.2
12240
36.4 31845.8
11.1
12597
36.4
35587
Generation
(MW)
330
262
1000
1320
416
370
156
340
300
1400
167
200
620
1469
840
1125
200
36
250
290
640
1112
452
390
330
1631
Number of
Groups
2
2
8
5
4
2
3
3
1
6
2
2
6
6
3
7
1
2
2
2
6
2
3
2
2
I.consumpt.
(MW)
5
25
5
46
27
21
10
20
18
28
64
80
7
40
33
xI,0
ol
ica
.m
.c
.ca
X ~ !
Time
237
TABLE 3
BUS CODES FOR THE SYSTEM
Bus
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
The
Bus
Name
Hamitabat
Habibler
Ikitelli
Alibeykoy
Pasakoy
Umraniye
T.Oren
Karabiga
B alikesir 2
Aliaga_2
Uzundere
Varsak
Adana
Erzin
Andirin
Konya
Golbasi
Temelli
Y.Hisar
Kapasitor
Ankara
Kursunlu
lengths
Bus
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
Bus
Name
Eregli_2
Carsamba
Tirebolu
Kayabasi
Deceko
Erzurum
Horasan
Ozluce
D.Bakir
Batman
S.Urfa
Keban_2
Denizli
S.Sehir
Cayirhan
Altinkaya
Unimar
Ambarli
BursaN.G
B. Ind.
T.Salt
Bus
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
Bus
Name
Izmir_DGKC
IUiklar
Yatagan
Yenikoy
Kemerkyy
O.Pnar
G.Antep2
S.Omer
Gokcekaya
AdaTM
Gebze(adal)
Ada_2
Osmanca
Birecik
Ataturk
Karakaya
ElbB
ElbA
H.Ugurlu
Kangal
Keban 1
10
20
30
40
50
60
Soma_B
are
few selected
ones.
TABLE 4
PARAMETERS FOR A FEW SELECTED LINES
Bus to
bus
1 -4
1-39
3-39
2-39
2-5
6-7
Lengths of
line (km)
153
90
87
Type of
85
48
31.957
S1S2
pillar
3ABC
A
A
PH
4A1
Number of
bounded ind.
3
2
2
3
3
2
30
40
50
60
249
Fig. 3: The number of different zeros for system in the bus admittance
matrix.
Type of he
conductor
_3
Cardinal
Cardinal
Cardinal
Cardinal
Pheasant
Rail
DD
Bus to
bus
1 -4
1 -39
3-39
2-39
2-5
677
20
nz
bundled conductors
10
(p.u)
(p.u)
B/2
(p.u)
0.002444
0.002165
0.002080
0.001364
0.000577
0.000769
0.028082
0.020001
0.019221
0.016234
0.008628
0.007119
0.4612905
0.222098
0.2533
0.2483265
0.148352
0.078705
are
are
30 _
60
OS .
0.+
-0.-
10
30
4X
letrio
Fig. 4: The converge graphics of the AP and AQ
are
shown in table 6.
238
25
Hamitabat 1
Horosan
29
39
28
Ada T.M
54
Amnbarli
40
Kayaba,i
26
Kebanl
65
Keban2
34
Izmir DGKQ
45
Elb A |<
61
Uzundere
11
Karakaya
60
Y.Koy
48
Ataturk
Kemerkoy
ll~
49
S.Sehir
36
12
O.Pinar
50
13
G.Antep2
Erzin
14
51
58
59
D.Bakir
31
Batman2
32
239
TABLE 6
RESULTS OF THE POWER FLOW ANALYSIS
Bus
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
Bus Volt.
(pu)
1.01500
0.99959
0.99860
0.98828
0.99354
0.98613
0.99274
1.03752
1.01118
1.01845
1.00632
0.99229
0.98974
0.99946
1.01609
1.00452
1.00008
1.01454
1.01368
1.00199
1.00583
1.02320
1.00520
1.01248
0.99443
1.02718
1.02086
1.01155
1.01703
1.02455
0.99381
0.96379
1.00882
1.01294
1.01088
1.00853
1.01000
1.02000
1.03000
1.02000
1.02000
1.02000
1.01000
1.02000
1.02000
1.01000
1.03000
1.03000
1.01000
1.02000
1.01000
1.01166
1.00111
1.01111
1.01111
1.01111
1.01118
1.02000
1.02000
1.04100
1.04120
1.01112
1.01115
1.01121
1.01140
Bus Ang.
(deg)
0.00000
-3.03839
3.34787
-4.08104
-3.29381
4.17759
-3.48921
1.04386
3.22485
5.16919
3.40826
-14.5298
-8.98674
-6.19625
-4.16615
-8.80760
-2.28925
-1.51503
-1.34779
-1.39867
-1.69889
-0.64798
-1.18390
4.46964
0.95642
3.19317
6.58747
-6.80633
-6.98361
-1.17868
-2.31189
-5.28212
-0.24727
3.34890
2.57511
-10.3918
-1.25783
5.90703
-0.79990
-1.83797
1.12585
0.98935
1.88088
6.13999
5.36397
3.04842
4.89456
5.59368
5.81741
-12.0221
-2.44174
1.20157
0.68186
-0.26222
1.36472
1.34927
-0.56532
-0.21608
0.91455
2.93423
-0.46674
-0.01298
5.18519
7.88232
3.56181
P Gen.
(MW)
505.38266
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
340.00000
462.00000
452.00000
800.00000
370.00000
0.00000
343.00000
640.00000
1269.0000
0.00000
390.00000
330.00000
220.00000
250.00000
0.00000
290.00000
167.00000
0.00000
1400.0000
330.00000
0.00000
316.00000
1320.0000
840.00000
0.00000
227.00000
300.00000
585.00000
700.00000
Q Gen.
(MVar)
168.4608
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
136.00000
184.80000
180.80000
320.00000
148.00000
0.00000
137.20000
256.00000
507.60000
0.00000
156.00000
132.00000
88.00000
100.00000
0.00000
116.00000
-66.80000
0.00000
560.00000
132.00000
0.00000
126.40000
528.00000
336.00000
0.00000
90.80000
120.00000
234.00000
280.00000
V. CONCLUSION
In this study, the Turkey's 380kV interconnected
system are explained in detail. Some information about
generation and transmission of the energy is given. Power
flow analysis is performed which is of great importance in
planning and designing for the future expansion of power
systems as well as in determining the best operation of
existing systems. The magnitudes and the phase angles of
the voltage at each bus and the real and the reactive power
flowing in each line are obtained. For the future studies, the
under construction of the 380-kV transmission lines which
are Denizli-Varsak, Yesiltepe-Ikitelli, Sanliurfa-Kiziltepe,
Horasan-Agri, Tirebolu-Iyidere, Iyidere-Artvin and ArtvinErzurum can be considered for this analysis. If the required
data are obtained, all transmission lines which are 34.5 kV,
66 kV, 154 kV and 380 kV, the power flow analysis can be
repeated for the different applications.
VI. REFERENCES
Z Eren,. and K Akta_,., TEIAS, Ankara (2004).
J.J Grainger and W.D Stevenson, Power system analysis, McGrawHill International Editions, Newyork, USA (1994).
[3] J.Wood and B Wollenberg,. Power generation, operation and control,
Wiley interscience publication, Newyork, USA (1996).
[4] R.L Sullivan,., Power system planning, McGraw-Hill International
Book Company, USA (1985).
[5] www.teias.gov.tr
[1]
[2]
VII.BIOGRAPHIES
Mehmet Kurban graduated from Istanbul
Technical University (ITU) in Turkey as an
Electrical Engineer in 1991. He got M.Sc and
Ph.D degree from ITU in 1994 and 2001,
respectively. He is an assistant professor on
Power System Analysis in Anadolu University.
His special fields of interest included renewable
energy, power system cost analysis and
optimization.
Ummuhan Basaran Filik graduated from
Anadolu University in Turkey as an Electrical
and electronics Engineer in 2002. She is currently
a research assistant and enrolled as a Ph.D
student at Anadolu University in Turkey. Her
special fields of interest included power system
analysis and optimization..