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DuringthetutorialwewillcreateaSchematicdesignthisishowitwilllookwhenfinished.
Duringthedesignprocess,wewillwalkyouthroughalltheaspectsofdrawingthisandaddingthedetail
togiveitintelligence.
Thedesignconsistsoftwopartsthefirstisthepowerregulatorcircuitatthetopwhichconvertsa12V
supplyto5V.Thebottomhalfisthemain555timercircuititself.
StartingaNewSchematic
TostartanewSchematicdesignoraPCBdesign
FromtheFilemenu,clickNew(shortcutkey<CtrlN>)
ChecktheSchematicDesignbuttonandtheUseTechnologyFilebutton.TheDefault.stftemplate
willhelpyougetstartedquicker,selectthisfile.MoredetailaboutTechnologyfilesisavailableinthe
OnlineHelp.
ClicktheOKbuttontostartanewSchematicdesign.
Note:IfyouintendcreatingaPCBwithoutaSchematicdesign(whichyoucando),justclickthePCB
DesignbuttonandOK,followtheNewPCBWizard.Thenskiptothechapterheaded,StartingaNew
PCBDesign.
YourDesignSparkwindowwilllooklikethisreadytostart:
Fornow,wewillprogressontoaddingcomponentstothedesign.
AddingComponents
TOADDACOMPONENT
TherearetwomethodsforaddingcomponentswewillusetheInteractionbartostartwith,youcan
alsousetheAddComponentoptionaswell.
TheInteractionbarhasautomaticallybeenstartedwhencreatinganewSchematicdesign.Ifithasnt,
clickthe<F9>shortcutkeytodisplayit.
SelecttheAddComponentbrowsertabatthebottomoftheInteractionbar.
Fromthelistofavailablelibraries,selecttheDiscretelibrary.Clickonthesmalldownarrowtoreveal
thedropdownlistandthenmaketheselection.
TheComponentlistwillbepopulatedwithcomponents.Selectingthislibrarywillautomaticallyselect
thefirstcomponentinthelistaswell.
Scrolldownthelistofcomponentsusingtheverticalscrollbar.ThefirstinthelististhegenericC
component.Youcanalsoclickinthislistandtypethefirstandsubsequentlettersandnumbersofthe
itemrequired.
ScrolldownandselectthecomponentR.ThisisagenericresistorthatwewillchangetheValuefor
lateron.Youcanalsoworkwithspecificnamedpartsifyouprefer,bothmethodsareacceptablein
DesignSpark.
ApreviewofboththeSchematicandPCBsymbolswillbedisplayed(thePCBsymbolistopmostinthe
preview).
Onceyouhavethecorrectcomponent,youcanadditbyselectingthesymbolpreviewanddraggingit
intothedesign.Youcanalsoaddthecomponentbyselectinganddraggingitsname.
Thisisaoneshotprocess.Ifyouwishtoaddmoreofthesametype,draganotherfromthebin.
Thecomponentiscurrentlyontheendofyourcursor.Toplaceitinthedesign,clicktheleftmouse
buttononce.
Youneed7resistorsintotalforthefinalcircuit.Oncethefirstonehasbeenplaced,pickanddrag6
morefromtheAddComponentwindow.Positiontheminastacklikethepicturebelow.Fornow,their
positionisntimportantanyway.
TOPAN&ZOOMINTHEDESIGN
Toviewtheresistorscloser,rollthemousewheelbuttonforwardtozoomin.Ifyouzoomintoofast
(andtoofar),rollthemousewheelbuttonbackwards(slowly).Ifyouzoomtoofareitherway,press
<A>onthekeyboardtoViewAllandthenzoominoroutagain.Shortcutkeysarealsoavailablefor
Zoomin<Z>andZoomout<U>.
Youcanzoomwhilethecomponentisactiveontheendofyourcursor.
TOADDTHECAPACITORS
Weneed7normalcapacitorsforthiscircuitplus4electrolyticcapacitors.FromtheAdd
ComponentbrowseroptionagaintypeCinthecomponentlist.Thecomponentnamewilljumpbackto
theCcomponentinthelist.
Thepreviewwindowsconfirmthisisthecorrectcomponent.Aswiththeresistors,thisisageneric
componentandwewillchangeitsvaluelateron.
Asbefore,draggingacomponentfromthebrowserwilladdanothertothedesign.Thistimeonlydrag
outonecapacitortoaddC1andthenpause.Thedesignwilllooklikethis:
Wewilluseadifferenttechniquetoaddmorecapacitors.
SelectthecapacitorC1inthedesign.Pressthe<CtrlC>keysonyourkeyboardatthesametime
toCopythecapacitor.Nowpress<CtrlV>toPasteacopyofthecapacitorintothedesign.Youwillsee
thatanidenticalcopyofC1hasbeenmadeandisnamedC2.ThesearestandardWindows
commands.
MoveC2intopositionandjustunderneathC1bymovingthemouse.Singleclicktorelease.Nowuse
<CtrlV>again,toaddanothercapacitorC3andthenagaintoaddC7.
Yourdesignnowlookslikethis:
Obviouslyinadesignassimpleasthis,itwouldhavebeenquickertodragoutall7capacitorsbutthe
Copy/Pasteprincipleisworthdemonstratingasyouwillseeitsvaluelaterone.
TOSWITCHOFFTHEDISPLAYEDGRID
Atthisstagewedontreallyneedtoseethedisplayedgriddotssoletsswitchthemoff.Click<G>to
togglethegridoff.Pressthiskeyagainwillswitchitbackonatanytime.
TOADDTHEOPAMP
Ourdesignrequiresan555TimerandaTL072.Wewilluseanothertechniquetoaddthese
components.Therewillbeothercomponentstoaddalsobutwecanaddtheselaterasyouwouldina
realdesignbuildingthedesignupasyouprogress.
ClicktheAddComponentbuttononthetoolbar,shortcutkey<F3>.
TheAddComponentdialogwilldisplay[AllLibraries]inthelibrarypath.WewillustheFindoptionto
locatebothofthesecomponentsinthelibrary.
TOFINDCOMPONENTSINTHELIBRARY
FromtheAddComponentdialog,clicktheFindbutton.
WewillfindtheNE555timerfirst.FortheNameselection,chooseContainsfromthedropdownlist.In
thetextentry,typene555.Thiswillbeenoughtogetnearanametothenmatchwhatweneed.
ClicktheFindbutton.Thecontentslistwillbepopulatedwithallmatchingitemsfromallthelibraries.
SelectNE555PatthebottomofthelistfromtheHybridlibrary.
Youcaneithersendthiscomponenttothedesignbyusingadoubleclickoryoucanpreviewitin
theAddcomponentdialogcontentslistbyselectingtheClosebutton.WewillusetheAddComponent
methodonthefirstdeviceandthedoubleclickmethodonthesecond.
Afterselecting,youllnoticethatthiscomponentisnowpreselectedintheAddComponentdialog
behindthis.
UsetheClosebuttonontheFinddialog.
TOADDCOMPONENTS
WiththeNE555PselectedfromtheHybridlibrary,presstheAddbuttonandaddittothedesign.
Dependingonyourcurrentzoomlevel,youmayneedtorollthemousewheeltozoomoutalittle.You
willneedtogiveyourselfsomespaceonthedesigninwhichtoplacethisnewcomponent.
TheNE555(U1)isshowninthedesignontheendofyourcursor.Positionitnexttothecapacitorsbutit
doesntmatterwhereitgoesfornow.
GobacktotheAddComponentdialog<F3>andclicktheFindbuttonagain.
Typeintl072notethecasetypedisntimportant.
ClicktheFindbutton.
Thistime,doubleclickonthenameinthefoundlist.BoththeFinddialogandAddComponentdialog
willcloseandthecomponentwillbeontheendofyourcursorreadytoplaceinthedesign.
Thisisatwogateddevice.Clickthemouseoncetoplacethefirstgate.Thesecondgatewillnowbe
dynamicontheendofyourcursorreadyforplacing.Wedonotneedthisgatesoitcanbediscarded
(intotheComponentBinoffthedesignsheet).
Clickthe<Esc>buttontodiscardit.
Thedesignnowlookslikethis:
Beforewemaketheconnectionsweshouldchangethecomponentvaluestobetheonesrequired.This
iseasytodobecauseweveusedgenericcomponents.IfyouprefertousespecificPartnamed
components(auniqueComponentforeachdeviceyouorderandbuyin),youcanalsoworkthisway
withDesignSpark.
Alltheresistorsandcapacitorswehaveusedinthisexamplecircuitaregeneric.Theyallhavethe
samevaluesatthemoment.Inthenextexercise,wewillchangetheirvaluestobeuniqueandas
required.
TOEDITCOMPONENTVALUES
DoubleclickontheValuefield(1K)onR1,theComponenttabofthePropertiesdialogisdisplayed.
WeneedtousetheValuestabletochangethevaluessoclickonthe(Component)Valuestab.
TheValuefieldshowsthecurrent1Kvalueandisalreadyhighlighted.SimplyclicktheEditbuttonor
doubleclickthebluehighlightedfieldtoeditthevaluerequired.
Typein100K.
Whendone,clicktheOKbuttontoexitthisdialogandOKagaintoexitPropertiesdialog.Whenthe
valueofR1ischangedto100Kthedesignisupdated.
Usingthesameprocess(doubleclickingontheValuename),edittheValuefieldsforallRsandCsin
thedesignasshownbelow:
R1100KR2100KR32KR4100KR52KR61KR7787K
C1100nFC2100nFC3100nFC4100nFC5100nFC6220nFC710nF
Aquicktiphereisthatifthereareacoupleofcomponentswiththesamevalue,editthefirstonethen
copyitasmanytimesasyouneedratherthaneditingeachone.
Ourdesignnowlookslikethis:
Ifyouselectthewholecomponentbymistake,youcanstilledittheValuefieldbyclicking
theComponentValuestabonthePropertiesdialog.
YoucanalsousetheValuesoptionontheshortcutmenuinsteadofProperties.Thisjusttakesyou
directlytotheValuespageofPropertiestosavetime.
UTOADDADRAWINGBORDERTOTHEDESIGN
Atanytimeyoucanaddadrawingbordertothedesign.Wewilladdonenow.
UsingtheAddComponentBrowseragain(<F9>),selecttheSchemalibraryfromthedropdownlist.
Forreference,thisisaschematiconlycomponentlibraryandwillnothaveanyPCBsymbolsassociated
withthem.
ScrolldownthelistandselecttheA4drawingborder.ThishasbeenpreviouslycreatedtofitanA4
pagesize.
NotethereisnoPCBfootprintforthiscomponent,itisSchematicsonly.
Likeothercomponents,selectA4fromthelistorfromthepreview.Dragitintothedesignandpositionit
ontopoftheexistingcomponents.Youmayneedtozoomoutabittoseeitalltoplaceitsomewhere
near.Usethe<Z>keytozoomoutor<A>toviewallofthedesign.Forspeedyoucanalsorollthe
mousewheel.
Aswithothercomponents,thiscanbemovedandeditedlaterifyouneedto,extradetailcanbeadded
toit.Clickoncetoreleaseit.
TOSAVETHEDESIGN
Atthisstageitmightbeagoodideatosaveyourdesign.GototheFilemenuandselectSaveAs.Save
ittotheExamplesfolderandcallitsomethingsensible,likeTutorial.sch.
PlacingComponents
Thepositionofthecomponentscurrentlyisastheywereplacedafteraddingthemtothedesign.We
needtoplacethemaroundU1sotheycanbeusedinourcircuit.Onarealdesign,thiswouldbehow
youwouldworkinpractice.Toremindyou,thefullcircuitlookslikethis:
Movethecomponentsintopositionbypickinganddraggingtheminonemoveusingthemouse.This
methodologyisusedthroughouttosavetimeandeffort.Itmeans,acontinuousselectanddragofthe
mousewithoutreleasingonacomponent(orotheritems,thisworksformovinganyitem).Whenyou
releasethemouse,thecomponentplacedanddeselectedinitscurrentposition.Ifyoumakeamistake,
useUndo<CtrlZ>torestoreitsposition.
Componentscanberotatedduringmovebyclickingthe<R>key.Asingleclickofthe<R>keywill
rotatethecomponentby90degrees.Click<R>morethanoncetorotateitbyanother90degreesand
soon.Thereareotherrotatemodesandrotationincrementsavailableontheshortcutmenuwhen
movingthecomponent.
Note:Youcanalsochangetheplacementtofinetuneitafteraddingtheconnectionsaswell.
Thedesignwillnowlooklikethis(withpartofthecircuitplaced):
Placetheothercomponents.Theorderinwhichyouplacethemdoesntmakeanydifference.Inareal
design,youwouldaddandplacethemlogicallyasyoubuildupthecircuit.
Twocapacitorsareleftunplaced(C6andC7),thesewillbeplacedatthealatertimewhenwecreate
thevoltageregulator.
Youarenowreadytoaddsomeconnections.
AddingConnections
ConnectionsareaddedtotheSchematicdesigntomakeconnectivitybetweenelectricalpins.When
translatedtothePCBdesign,theseconnectionsgiveyouyournetlist.
Youcanaddconnectionsinanumberofways:
UsingtheAddConnectionoptionfromtheAddmenuorfromtheSchematicToolbar,clickonthe
pintostartaddingaconnection,or
Doubleclickingonacomponentpintostartanewconnection,or
'Dragging'offanunconnectedcomponentpintostartanewconnection.
Forthistutorialwewillusethedraggingoffpinsmethodasthisistheeasiesttostartwith.
TOADDCONNECTIONSBYDRAGGINGOFFPINS
Toaidtheadditionofconnectionstoaschematic,youcansimplydragoffanelectricalpin,eachclick
ofthemousewillthenaddacorner.Movingoveranotherelectricalpinwillallowyoutofinishthe
connection.
Usingthedesignthatyouhavecreatedsofar,zoominontheareaaroundC5likethepicturebelow.
Clickanddrag(keepingthemousebuttonpresseddown)offpin2ofC5,thiswillstartanew
connection.MovethemouseoverU2apin3andsingleclicktofinish.
Youdonothavetobeexactlyoverapintofinishaconnectionaslongasthecursoriswithinrange
thenitwillsnapontotheterminal.Clickthemousebuttononcetofinish.Youllnoticethatthe
componentpinterminalsXdisappearwhenyouconnecttoitthisindicatesthatitisconnected.
TOJOINCONNECTIONSTOGETHER
Thereareacoupleofconnectionswhichmustbeconnectedtogether.Letsassumethatyouvemadea
connectionandnowyouneedtoconnectanothertoitusingajunctiondot.Whenyouattempttofinisha
connectiononanexistingconnection,whenyoureleasethemouse,theconnectionwillautomaticallybe
added(asifitwereanelectricalterminal)andajunctiondotdisplayedtoindicateitisconnected.
Followingtheexampledesignabove,completethedesignaddingtheconnectionsrequired.
AddingPower&GroundSymbols
PowerandgroundsymbolsareusedintheSchematictoindicateaconnectiontoapowersource.
ThesesymbolsarerequiredforaestheticpurposesandarenottranslatedtothePCB(becausetheydo
nothavePCBfootprintsassociatedwiththem).Thesignalstheyrepresentareconnectedtogetherat
thetranslatestagebyimpliedconnectivity.Thepower&groundsymbolsthemselvescancontain
inherentnetnamepropertiesthatareautomaticallyusedwhenthesymbolisattachedtothenet.
TOADDPOWERSYMBOLS
UsingtheAddComponentbrowserontheInteractionbar<F9>.
TheSchemalibrarywillstillbeselectedafterusingitpreviouslywhenaddingthe
Lettercomponent.Ifforsomereasonitisnt,selectitnowfromthelibrarylist.
IntheComponentlistselect0V.Youwillseethesymbolselectedinthepreview
box.Remember,allofthesesymbolshavenoPCBSymbolassociatedwiththem,
theyareSchematiconlysymbols.
Dragthe0Vsymbolintothedesignfromthebrowser.MoveitbetweenR3andR6,clickthemouseto
releaseit.
Usingourworkingdesign,addmore0Vsymbolstothedesignasshown.Connectthesebydraggingoff
thesymboltotheexistingconnection.Aconfirmationdialogwillbedisplayedtoindicateanonnamed
netisbeingconnectedtoanamednet.Thisensureyouarentjoiningnetswhichyoudontknowabout.
ClickOKtoconfirmthis.
FromtheAddComponentbrowser,addone+5VsymbolthistimeandplacenearR4andC4.Now
addone5Vsymbol,placeitnearC3.
Dragaconnectionofftheendofthesymbolterminalandconnectasshownbelow.
Yourdesignwilllooksomethinglikethis:
Remembertosavethedesign.UseSavefromtheFilemenu.
Youwillneedtoaddadiodetothedesign.
FromtheInteractionbar<F9>,useAddComponent.SelecttheDiscrete.cmllibraryand
chooseDfromthelist.Thiswillgiveyouagenericdiode.
Ifyouprefer,andnowthatyouknowhowtodoaFindintheAddComponentdialog,searchfora
specificdiode.Youactuallyneeda1N4148,butifyouchoosethegenericdialogfromthelibrary,editthe
valuesothatyoumakeita1N4148.
Addthediodebydraggingitfromthebrowserintothedesign.Placeitnext
toR2androtateitby270degrees(click<R>3xtimes.
AddtwoconnectionstoconnectittobothsidesofR2asshown.
Generallyspeakingyouwouldnowneedtoaddsomeconnectorpinstoconnectthecircuittothe
outsideworld.
AddingConnectors
Forthisexample,wewilluseaconnectorcomponentfromthelibrary.Connectorsaresimplyadditional
libraryitemsandnotspecialdevicesassuch.
TOADDCONNECTORPINS
UsingtheAddComponentbrowserfromtheInteractionbar<F9>.Select
theConnector.cmlcomponentlibrary.
SelecttheD9Fconnectorcomponentfromthelist.ThePCBSymbolandSchematicSymbolpreviews
willbedisplayed.
Dragitintothedesignandplaceitshownbelow.YouwillneedtoFlipitbyusingthe<F>key.Thiswill
displayitthewayweneedit.
ConnectintheconnectortothedesignusingAddConnectionorbydraggingoffapin.
ADDMORECOMPONENTS
Youwillalsoneedtoaddfourmorecapacitors,butthistime,addtheComponentCPusing
theAddComponentbrowserordialogandusetheDiscrete.cmllibrary.AddC8,C9,C10andC11.
WewilluseC8andC9abitlateron.
PlaceC10andC11neartheconnectorCONN1.Connecttheseasshownbelow:
ClicktheSavebuttonontheFilemenutosavethedesign.
Usingthepicturebelow,completethecircuitbyaddingthevoltageregulatorcircuit.
WealreadyaddedthecapacitorsC6,C7,C10andC11butyouwillnowneedtoaddU3whichis
a7805.
Changethecomponentvaluesfortheremainingcapacitorstothesevalues:
C847uFC9470uFC10100uFC11100uF
AddSignalreferencesfor+12V,+5Vand0VfromtheSchema.cmllibraryasyoudidbefore.Ifthe
symbolalreadyexistsinthedesign,simplycopyandpasteitforfastaddition.
TheinputsideofU3onpin1is+12V.Thiswillbeconnectedtopin1ofConn1,theconnector.
AddingNetReferences
Asanexercise,weveaddedaNetReferencetothedesign.Thisistwopinsonoppositesidesofthe
designperhapswhichneedtobeconnectedtogetherbutforwhichyoudonotneedtoaddafull
connection.
Wewilladdashortconnectionforeachpin,addaschematiconlycomponentasthesignalreference
andnamethenetonbothends.Thiswillactasanimpliedconnection.ThenwhentheSchematicis
translatedtoPCB,thesetwopointswillbeconnectedtogether.
FromtheAddComponentbrowser,fromtheSchema.cmllibrary,addtwoTocomponentstothedesign.
AddaconnectionbetweenCONN1pin8andtheTosymbol.
Remember,theintelligenceintheimpliednetisthenetname,sonowwemustnametheconnection.
USINGCHANGENET
SelectthepinontheTosymbol.Fromtheshortcutmenu,selectChangeNet.
Fromthedialog,typetheNetName:SINE_OUT
LeavetheNetClassasSignal.ClickOKtoexit.
TheNetisnownamed(SINE_OUT),nowyouneedtodisplayit.
DISPLAYINGNETNAMES
SelecttheconnectiontotheTosymbol.
Rightclickandfromtheshortcutmenu,selectDisplayNetName.
Nowthatitisdisplayed,youcanselectitandmoveitintotherequiredposition.
Thatisonehalfoftheimpliednetcompleted.Youmustnowdothisprocedureagainfortheotherpin.
MAKINGTHEOTHERHALFOFTHEIMPLIEDNET
WewillmovethesecondTosymboltotherightsideofU2(theTL072component).
Addasmallconnectionbetweentheoutputpin7ofU2andtheTosymbol.
Nowusingthesametechniqueasweusedjustabove,changetheNetNametoSINE_OUTanddisplay
itusingtheDisplayNetNameoptionfromtheshortcutmenu.
YourSchematicisFinished
Theschematicdesigniscomplete,remembertosaveitnow.Youmaywishtoprintittocheckit,use
thePrintoptionfromtheFilemenu.
ThenextstageistoconvertthedesignintothePCBdesignenvironment.Todothis,moveontothe
nextchapterConvertingYourSchematicToPCB