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Vern Paxson
Overview
Protocol Standardization
Ensure communicating hosts speak the same
protocol
Standardization of protocols
Internet
Client-Server Communication
Server program
Client sometimes on
Server is always on
GET /index.html
Peer-to-Peer Communication
The Problem
Application
Transmission
Media
Skype
SSH
Coaxial
cable
NFS
Fiber
optic
HTTP
Radio
Network Architecture
Skype
SSH
NFS
HTTP
Intermediate
layers
Transmission
Media
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Fiber
optic
Packet
radio
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12
Must decide:
o Layering
o End-to-End Principle
o Fate-sharing
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Service:
Service:
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5 Minute Break
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21
Drawbacks of Layering
Layer Violations
Logical Communication
Five layers
Network
Datalink
Application
Transport
Network
Datalink
Application
Transport
Network
Datalink
Network
Datalink
Application
Transport
Network
Datalink
Physical
Physical
Physical
Physical
Physical
Physical
Host A
Router
Host B
Host A
Router
Host B
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Physical Communication
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host
HTTP message
HTTP
HTTP
TCP
Application
Transport
Network
Datalink
Network
Datalink
Application
Transport
Network
Datalink
Physical
Physical
Physical
Host A
Router
router
IP packet
IP
Ethernet
interface
Host B
TCP
router
IP packet
IP
Ethernet
interface
SONET
interface
IP
SONET
interface
IP packet
Ethernet
interface
IP
Ethernet
interface
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Layer Encapsulation
User A
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UDP
IP
Trans: Connection ID
Applications
NTP
Transport
Waist
Data Link
Net: Source/Dest
Ethernet
SONET
802.11
Link: Src/Dest
Copper
Common case: 20 bytes TCP header + 20 bytes IP header
+ 14 bytes Ethernet header = 54 bytes overhead
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Fiber
Radio
Physical
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Implications of Hourglass
OS
Discussion
Host B
Appl.
Solution 1 is incomplete
What happens if any network element misbehaves?
Receiver has to do the check anyway!
Appl.
OK
32
OS
Solution 2 is complete
Full functionality can be entirely implemented at
application layer with no need for reliability from lower
layers
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Moderate Interpretation
E.g., multicast
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Summary
Roles of
Standardization
Clients, servers, peer-to-peer
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Next Lecture
Building a global internetwork: Designing IP
Read K&R: 4.1-4.2, 4.4.1
No office hours for Prof. Paxson this Friday - send
email for an appointment
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Homework #1, phase 1 of Project #1 out
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