Level3 B All

Aim High Reading | Level 3-B
Chapter 06
Passage 21_
Seeds of the Future
Passage 22_
Teen Years
Passage 23_
The Cosmos and Numbers
Passage 24_
The Cause of Acne
Vocabulary Pre-check
acne
adapt
adolescence
adulthood
animation
be saturated with
bluntly
break down
bush
,
catalogue v.
collapse
concerned
consequently
crop
dire
distinct
extinct
impart
()
longitudinal
manifestation
parkland
particular
perceive
physical education
profitable
puberty
rarely
related
remission
reservoir
interconnection
neutralize
revived
indeterminate
geography
myriad
fundamental
metabolize
restore
filter out
ecological
matrix
savior

scar v.
species
statement
subject
, ,
suburban
suspend ,
topical
undergrowth
vine
Passage
Social Culture Business
The purpose of a seed farm near New York City is not to

plant seeds so they will grow into profitable crops, but to
store the seeds so that they can be used sometime in the
distant future. In order to store these seeds for an
indeterminate time, the seeds must be put into suspended
animation, a sleeplike state in which the seeds do not age. These seeds are being
stored in the belief that they will be needed to bring back plant species to areas
in which they have become extinct. (A) The seeds are thus being stored so that
they can become ecological saviors. (B) When planted in the future, these seeds
could help restore damaged parklands and forests. Revived plants could also
protect reservoirs of drinking water by filtering out pollution.
(C) The sad fact is that many plant species are threatened by various human
activities. Forested areas with their undergrowth of bushes and wild flowers are
being cut down for suburban roads and houses. (D)
Furthermore, plant species native to one particular area in the world are being
threatened by non-native species, which have been introduced knowingly or
unknowingly by humans into a new place. (E) For example, a vine native to
Asia called Oriental Bittersweet was introduced into America knowingly by
people who admired the Oriental Bittersweets colorful leaves and berries. But
it is now threatening to destroy a similar but not as seemingly beautiful vine
called American Bittersweet. If any of these threats do result in the extinction of
any plant species, biologists will turn to the Seed Farm for help in reintroducing
that species.
indeterminate [ndit;mnit]
ecological [kld,ikl]
revived [rivivd]
reservoir [rzvw;]
bush [bu] ,
Level 3-B
animation [nmin] ,
parkland [p;klnd] ,
filter out ~
suburban [sb;bn] ,
Bittersweet [btsw;t]
18
suspend [sspnd] ,
extinct [ikst\t]
vine [vain]
extinction [ikst\n] ,
undergrowth [=ndgru^]
oriental [;rintl]
turn to ~
Aim High Reading
Info Scan
1.
According to the passage, which of the following is true?
Botanists are collecting all the seeds that are present in the
world.
The seeds stored in the farm can bring a fortune in the
future.
The saved seeds will be planted to fight against all foreign
species.
The seeds are stored to replant where there are less
pollutants.
The stored seeds will be revived to help the damaged
environment.
Analysis
2.
these threats .

Detail
3.

.
.
.
Coherence
4.
(A)~(E) , ?
Pollution from cars, factories and cities is poisoning

numerous other plants.
(A)
(B)
(D)
(E)
(C)
Chapter 06
19
Grammar
do
If any of these threats do result in the extinction of any plant species, biologists
will turn to the Seed Farm.
+
I do like you.
Tips do . OP
, do . do,
.
Quiz
do .
1. . Do come again
, please.
2. . I do hope
you will get better.
3. , . He said he would come and he did come
Structure
A vine native to Asia called Oriental Bittersweet was introduced into America
knowingly by people who admired the Oriental Bittersweets colorful leaves and
berries.
A vine( ) .
native to Asia
called Oriental Bittersweet
()
()
()
()
A vine native to Asia called
20
Oriental Bittersweet
()
knowingly
was
()
by people
introduced
()
who admired the Oriental Bittersweets
()
into America
Level 3-B
colorful leaves and berries
Passage 21
Writing
1. The seeds
, a sleeplike state in which
the seeds do not age.

must be put into suspended animation
2.
, these seeds could help restore damaged parklands
and forests.
When planted in the future
3. Forested areas with their undergrowth of bushes and wild flowers

~ suburban roads and houses.
are being cut down for
4. But it is now threatening to destroy a similar but
vine called American Bittersweet.

not as seemingly beautiful
5. Biologists
~ the Seed Farm for help in
reintroducing that species.

will turn to
Chapter 06
21
Passage
It wasnt until the 1950s that people started identifying the teenage years as a
distinct stage in life. Before the 1950s, there were only kids and grownups and
no teenagers. People didnt think a child turning fifteen was significantly
different than one turning ten. As you grew up you jumped from childhood into
adulthood; but not anymore. These days, the 20 percent of the worlds
population that is experiencing adolescence is going through something distinct
and separate from childhood, and something of great importance to adult life.
The theory is quite simple: if a persons teens are scarred by family, health or
financial problems, that person will be handicapped by these problems in
adulthood. Likewise if a person is blessed with good health in his or her teens,
he or she will have a greater chance of having a healthy adulthood.
(A) Researchers are trying hard to catalogue the
myriad changes that young people are going
through at this time in their life by conducting
longitudinal studies that collect enormous amounts
of data. (B) One longitudinal study of 3,000
people, the Birth to Twenty Study, began in 1990
in South Africa. (C) The subjects in this study are
now in their late teens and the researchers believe
the data will show strong connections between
teenage years and adulthood. (D) These and other
points, however, cannot be proven until subjects in the study reach adulthood.
And that is still a long time off. (E)
not ~ until ... ~ , ~

scar [sk;]
go through ~
22
Level 3-B
identify [aidntfi] ,
adulthood [d=lthd]
subject [s=bd,ikt]
adolescence [dlsns] ,
catalogue [ktl;g] ,
myriad [mrid]
Aim High Reading
Info Scan
1.
According to the passage which of the following is NOT true?
The teenage years were not considered important before

the 1950s.
One fifth of the world population is people in their teenage
years.
There are studies on how teenage years affect their later life.
Many studies on teenagers tend to fail because they take
a long time.
It is believed that teenagers experience many changes in
their life.
Analysis
2.
Explain the purpose of the study mentioned in paragraph 2 in Korean.

Vocabulary
3.
longitudinal ?
broad
serious
long-term
well planned
memorable
Coherence
4.
(A)~(E) , ?
For example, healthy eating in teenage years is believed

to set a persons physical health in their adulthood.
(A)
(B)
(D)
(E)
(C)
Chapter 06
23
Grammar
not ~ until ...
It wasnt until the 1950s that people started identifying the teenage years.
These and other points cannot be proven until subjects in the study reach
adulthood.
Tips until ~ , ~ ... .
Quiz
1. 30 .
It was not until
he was thirty that he started to paint.
2. . (take effect)
The traffic laws didnt take effect until the end of the year.
3. 1911 .
It was not until 1911
Structure
that the first of the vitamins was identified.
The 20 percent of the worlds population that is experiencing adolescence is going

through something distinct and separate from childhood, and something of great
importance to adult life.
20% 20% ?
that is experiencing adolescence
The 20 percent of the worlds population that is experiencing adolescence
is going through
something distinct and separate from childhood
2 something of great importance to adult life
Rgo through , is going going .
24
Level 3-B
Passage 22
Writing
1. They are going through
~ childhood, and
something of great importance to adult life.

something distinct and separate from
2. He or she
~ having a healthy adulthood.
will have a greater chance of
3. Researchers are trying hard to catalogue the myriad changes
at this time in their life.

that young people are going through
4. The researchers believe the data will show
teenage years and adulthood.

strong connections between
5. These and other points, however, cannot be proven
.
until subjects in the study reach adulthood
Chapter 06
25
Passage
Students study a lot of subjects at school, but rarely do teachers explain to their
students how the subjects are related to one another. The biology teacher
doesnt explain clearly how his subject can be connected to geography; and
neither does the physical education teacher explain how his subject is related to
biology. In fact, there are huge interconnections among almost all subjects; we
just arent being taught what they are. In the last decades, however, this term
connection has become a big topic all over the world.
The facts that the different manifestations of our
reality are connected, and that everything we
perceive on earth is tied together in a secret
matrix, have always been part of basic knowledge
ever since old civilizations. The ancient scholars
discovered that there was one subject that connects to all the others: Math!
Ancient scholars saw numbers in everything. Pythagoras is famous for stating
bluntly that Everything contains numbers. Augustinus took Pythagoras
statement a step further, uttering a dire warning about the necessity of using
numbers in daily life: Without numbers everything would collapse. And
Novalis believed so strongly in the importance of mathematics that he related it
to religion: Life of Gods is mathematics. Pure mathematics is religion.
These ancient scholars were concerned about the quality not the quantity of
numbers. They realized that numbers could tell us about creation, growth and
life itself. They tried to impart the knowledge that numbers are not simple facts
but the basis of all life.
biology [baild,i]
geography [d,i;grfi] ()
interconnection [ntknkn]
perceive [ps;v]
26
term [t;m]
matrix [mitriks] ,
physical education
bluntly [bl=ntli] ,
statement [stitmnt]
dire [dai] ,
quantity [kwntti] ,
impart [imp;t] ,
Level 3-B
manifestation [mnfestin] ,
quality [kwlti] , ,
Aim High Reading
Info Scan
1.
Which of the following is correct according to the passage?

(choose two)
Teachers rarely teach their students how things are

interconnected.
Students are learning mathematics as a subject that connects
all other subjects.
Every subject that is taught in most schools has a certain
amount of math section.
The ancient scholars thought numbers could be the
connection of the all subjects.
Students can do further research on a topic outside of
school as independent studies.
Inference
2.
Why does the author mention the statements of ancient scholars?
to insist that math is the most important subject of all

to explain how important mathematics is in modern society
to prove that math was thought to be the key to everything
to illustrate how math is interconnected with other subjects
to show that math was developed by many ancient scholars
Reference
3.
the knowledge .

Coherence
4.
The secret of numbers should be revealed.

There is no need to count numbers.
Without numbers, there would be no life.
We shouldnt learn math for only practical uses.
No subject can be more important than math.
Chapter 06
27
Grammar
that
The fact that the different manifestations of our reality are connected has been
part of basic knowledge. that
They tried to impart the knowledge that numbers are the basis of all life.
that
The ancient scholars discovered that there was one subject that connects to
all the others: Math! that / that
Tips that . ,
. .
Quiz
that .
1. I know the very person that will do the job quickly. <
>
that
2. There was no hope that she would recover her health. <
that
>
3. Edwin Hubble discovered that the universe is getting bigger. < that >
Structure
The facts that the different manifestations of our reality are connected, and that
everything we perceive on earth is tied together in a secret matrix, have always
been part of basic knowledge ever since old civilizations.
The fact .
the different manifestations of our reality are connected

everything we perceive on earth is tied together in a secret matrix
()
The facts that the different ~, and
28
that everything ~ in a secret matrix
part of basic knowledge
have always been
()
ever since old civilizations
Level 3-B
Passage 23
Writing
1.
to their students how the subjects are
related to one another.

Rarely do teachers explain
2. Neither does the physical education teacher explain
biology.
how his subject is related to
3. Novalis
~ the importance of mathematics that
he related it to religion.
believed so strongly in
4. They tried to impart the knowledge that numbers
.
are not simple facts but the basis of all life
5. Without numbers,
there would be no life
Chapter 06
29
Passage
Life Sport Music
The main cause of acne is actually the failure of the body to

break down skin oil before it reaches the surface of the skin.
Why we get it, and consequently, how we can cure it are now
well-understood processes.
Our body makes a chemical called Coenzyme A, which is used
to neutralize skin oil below the surface of the skin. Two of the
three chemicals which make up Coenzyme A are produced by
the body on its own, but the third chemical which makes up Coenzyme A must
come from the food we eat. If we dont eat food which supplies this chemical
then, our bodies will not be able to break down the skin oil that causes acne.
But the process of breaking down skin oil before turning into acne is further
complicated by the fact that Coenzyme A is needed to make testosterone and
estrogen, the sex hormones. When there is very little Coenzyme A in the body,
it has to choose what to use it for. And since sex hormones are far more
important for the survival of the species, the body reduces the amount of
Coenzyme A available for metabolizing skin oil, the skin becomes saturated
with oil, and you get acne.
This imbalance usually starts in puberty and can continue for decades. Most of
this occurs below the surface of the skin, so no topical system such as pads or
creams can address this fundamental problem. The key to fighting acne is to
supply our body with the right foods so that it has enough of the chemical
supplied through food which it uses to make Coenzyme A. Research has shown
that this diet related treatment is the only way to get 100% remission of ones
acne.
acne [kni]
break down
neutralize [n;trliz]
testosterone [teststrun] ( )
species [sp;i(;)z]
puberty [pj;bti]
30
Level 3-B
estrogen [strd,n] ( )
metabolize [mtbliz]
topical [tpikl] ,
be saturated with ~
remission [rimn] ,
Aim High Reading
Info Scan
1.
Which of the following is true according to the passage?
The body produces enough Coenzyme A on its own.

It is a certain food that causes acne-like skin problems.
Sex hormones prevent Coenzyme A from resolving skin oil.
Acne is mainly caused when the body lacks Coenzyme A.
Coenzyme A causes many spots on a persons face and neck.
Analysis
2.
Coenzyme A .
.
Detail
3.
.
Coenzyme A .
Reference
4.
topical system ?
a treatment of the most popped out pimples on the face

a treatment of the most currently appeared spots
a medicine that you apply to a localized part
a treatment of the most chronic parts of acne
a medicine that you take to treat your acne
Chapter 06
31
Grammar
Two of the three chemicals which make up Coenzyme A are produced by the
body on its own, but the third chemical which makes up Coenzyme A must
come from the food we eat.
Tips .
.
Quiz
1. 1920 . They live in a house which was built

2. . Those who want to
Structure
in 1920.
go to college should study hard.
()
The process of breaking down skin oil before turning into acne is further
complicated by the fact that Coenzyme A is needed to make testosterone and
estrogen, the sex hormones.
process ?
breaking down skin oil before turning into acne

?
by the fact that ~ hormones

the fact that ?
()
()
( that)
The process of breaking down
32
skin oil
further complicated
()
before turning into acne
()
by the fact
is
( that)
that Coenzyme A is needed to make ~ hormones
Level 3-B
Passage 24
Writing
1.
, and consequently, how we can cure it are now
Why we get it
2. Our body makes a chemical called Coenzyme A, which
skin oil below the surface of the skin.

is used to neutralize
3. When there is very little Coenzyme A in the body, it has to choose

.
what to use it for
4. The key to fighting acne
~ the right foods
so that it has enough of the chemical.

is to supply our body with
5. Research has shown that this diet related treatment is
get 100% remission of ones acne.

the only way to
Chapter 06
33
Review
A
01. acne
07. impart
02. adolescence
08. neutralize
03. be used to
09. quality
, , (cf. quantity , )
04. biology
10. scar
v.
05. extinct
11. suburban
06. filter out
12. suspend
A .
01.
experience adolescence
02.
filter out pollution
03.
the main cause of acne
04.
the quality of numbers
05.
be used to neutralize
06.
suburban roads and houses
A .
01. Antacids relieve pain by

02.
Biology
neutralizing
gastric acid.
is the science of life in all its manifestations and is the key to all
our futures.
03. A species of animal or plant that is
extinct
no longer has any living
members, either in the world or in a particular place.

04. If you
suspend
something, you delay it or stop it from happening for a
while or until a decision is made about it.

05. If an unpleasant physical or emotional experience
scars
you, it has a
permanent effect on your mind.

06. Teaching is much more than the ability to
todays world.
34
Level 3-B
impart
knowledge or skill in
Passages 21-24
01. Heaven helps those
themselves.
who help
who helps
who are helped
02. I dont know how it works, but it

work
is work
does work
03. The pronunciation of Japanese is often compared

with this of
04. It
with that of
with which of
I came to China that I learned calligraphy.
was not
was not until
05. Rowlings books
was not without
supernatural creatures.
do contain
are contain
contain doing
06. There was something in her eyes

that made
07. It
her meaning clear.
where made
08. There is no possibility

what does he say
will not be after
will not be until
may have any truth in it.

that what he says
09. She works for the company
10. It has not been
that was made
2010 that the new policy is fully implemented.
will be until
that make
Korean.
which what he says
vending machines.
that makes
that is made
that we have begun serious inquiries into
our own nature.

until quite recently
quite until recently
quite recently until
Chapter 06
35
Chapter 07
Passage 25_
Oldest Writing
in the New World
Passage 26_
Mental Health Services
Reduce School Violence
Passage 27_
Cloud Formation
Passage 28_
Testing the Water
abstract
adopt
myriad
no-go zone

orbit v.
algae-filled
artifact
back up
blob
bulk
carve
choke
civilization
overwhelm
participate in
pit
pollutant
pristine
question v.
ravage
climactic
,
repel
resemble
reside
commitment
comprehensively
,
concrete ,
concur
condensation
discipline
emit
self-esteem
stable
eventually
formation
incidence
smelly
evaporate
halt
scholar
gravel
reveal ,
for instance
()
statistics
stench
()
sufficient
sulfur dioxide
suspension
tackle
( )
take place
infest
the Northern Hemisphere
the Southern Hemisphere
initial
linguist
vapor
marked ,
variable n.
()
weather-beaten
measurement
microscopic particles
mineral ,
whopping
without a doubt
Passage
Person History
A stone block, Cascajal block, with letters and symbols

carved into it, is believed to be the oldest known piece of
writing in the New World. The block was found in a
gravel mine in Mexico. It is believed to have been carved
by people living in Mexico and Central America before
Columbus discovered the New World. These people,
called the Olmecs, lived in the oldest known civilization
in that part of the world.
The block itself looks extremely weather-beaten as if it
had gone through the ravages of years and years of rain.
The rain has created pits in the blocks and minerals have
formed in some of the symbols and signs. But this piece of
evidence has been backed up with more concrete chemical
testings, which have proven without a doubt that the block
is about 3,000 years old.
Scholars are studying the block, but no one really knows what it says. Linguists
think the carvings on this block are part of a written language, even though very
different symbols are used. The block holds a total of 62 symbols, some of
which resemble plants such as corn, or animals such as insects and fish. Many
of the symbols are more abstract boxes or blobs. Scholars have also noted that
some of the symbols and signs seem like other images found on artifacts from
the Olmec civilization. Also of note is that the writing on the blocks seems to be
composed of several sentences. Essentially the discovery of the block means
that their society had progressed to the point whereby they were keeping
records.
carve [k;v] ,
ravage [rvid,] ,
blob [blb]
38
Level 3-B
gravel [grvl] ,
pit [pit]
weather-beaten [w"b;tn]
mineral [mnrl] ,
artifact [;tfkt] ,
of note
without a doubt
Aim High Reading
Info Scan
1.
According to the passage which of the following is correct?
The block is assumed to be the oldest piece of writing in

the world.
The contents of the stone have been interpreted by some
scholars.
None of the symbols on the block are similar to ones found
earlier.
The Cascajal block was seriously harmed and broken into
pieces when found.
Scholars assume its age from signs of having been out in
the weather.
Analysis
2.
Cascajal block Olmec

.
:
:
:
Analysis
3.
Cascajal block Olmec .

Vocabulary
4.
concrete ?
thorough
broad
definite
general
time consuming
Chapter 07
39
Grammar
Some symbols resemble plants such as corn, or animals such as insects and
fish.
+
I must apologize to her for his rudeness.
Tips account for , arrive inOat P, complain aboutOof P, consent to ,

graduate from, interfere with, proceeded with, reply to, wait for .
answer , apologize, approach, attend , describe, discuss, enter, explain, mention, marry,
resemble .
Quiz
1. Will you join with me for a party? Will you join me for a party?
2. She wanted to marry with a rich man. She wanted to marry a rich man.
3. She discussed about her plans with her mother.
Structure
She discussed her plans with her mother.
This piece of evidence has been backed up with more concrete chemical testings,
which have proven without a doubt that the block is about 3,000 years old.
.
without a doubt
which .
()
and they(more concrete chemical testings)
()
()
This piece of evidence
()
with more concrete chemical testings
has been backed up
()
which have proven without a doubt

that the block is about 3,000 years old
40
Level 3-B
Passage 25
Writing
1. The Cascajal block
~ the oldest known piece of writing
in the New World.

is believed to be
2. It is believed
~ people living in Mexico and
Central America.
to have been carved by
3. The block itself looks extremely weather-beaten
the ravages of years and years of rain.

as if it had gone through
4. More concrete chemical testings have proven
that
the block is about 3,000 years old.

without a doubt
5.
~ the writing on the blocks seems to be
composed of several sentences.

Also of note is that
Chapter 07
41
Passage
Overwhelmed by problems and lacking sufficient resources, evidence-based

practices have recently increased in popularity as a way to use available
resources as efficiently as possible. A school is one governmental institution
which has these characteristics. Schools have a myriad of problems and often
lack sufficient resources to tackle all of their problems. However, as evidence
shows that school-based mental health (SBMH) services are effective at helping
troubled teenagers feel better about themselves and do better at school, more
and more schools are adopting mental health programs.
There is strong evidence that SBMH services
work. After one year in an initial test program, the
troubled students who participated in it showed
marked improvements in their behavior at school
and in their school work. (a)
, these
students improved school attendance records by 15%. Moreover, incidences in
which the schools had to discipline these kids decreased by 50% as did
incidences of these youths using violence at school. (b)
,
suspensions of these former troubled kids by the school decreased by a
whopping 54%. These statistics clearly showed that the students self-esteem as
well as their attitudes towards their teachers, their school and their school work
had significantly improved. Most youth self-reported significantly improved
commitment to school and the parents of these children concurred. Their
childrens mental health and school work were both much better.
With the reporting of the results of the initial study, more and more schools
have been adopting SBMH service programs. The evidence from these other
programs backs up the conclusions made from the initial study.
overwhelm [uvwlm]
participate in ~
discipline [dsplin] ,
statistics [stitistiks] ()
42
Level 3-B
a myriad of
marked [m;kt] ,
tackle [tkl] ( )
adopt [dpt]
incidence [nsdns] ()
suspension [sspnn] ,
commitment [kmtmnt] ,
whopping [wpi\] ,
concur [knk;] ,
Aim High Reading
Coherence
1.
(a) (b) ?
(a)
Analysis
2.
(b)
In short
As a result
First of all
In other words
As a result
First of all
First of all
As a result
In short
In other words
SBMH .
15%
50%
54%
Summary
3.
2 .
, , .
Info Scan
4.
According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?
The first year of the SBMH test service had been a great
success.
Those who had troubles in school had participated in the
program.
Most of the parents agreed that their children had much
improved.
The effectiveness of the service was supported by other
schools.
The kids reported to school that the program should
improve more.
Chapter 07
43
Grammar
Evidence-based practices have recently increased in popularity.

More and more schools have been adopting SBMH service programs.
These statistics clearly showed that the students self-esteem had significantly
improved.
Tips . , ,
, . when
. , .
Quiz
1. How long [ was you / have you been ] looking for a job?
2. He [ is / was ] tired because he had been working since dawn.
3. I recognized him at once since I [ have seen / had seen ] him before.
4. I [ have left / had left ] my purse on the train, so I had to walk home.
Structure
()
The students self-esteem as well as their attitudes towards their teachers, their
school and their school work had significantly improved.
?
towards their teachers, their school and their school work
44
The students self-esteem as well as their attitudes ~ school work
had significantly improved
Level 3-B
Passage 26
Writing
1. Evidence-based practices have recently increased in popularity as a

way to use available resources .
as efficiently as possible
2. Schools
and often lack sufficient resources
to tackle all of their problems.

have a myriad of problems
3. SBMH services are effective at
better about themselves and do better at school.

helping troubled teenagers feel
4. The troubled students
showed marked improvements
in their behavior at school and in their school work.

who participated in it
5. Moreover, incidences in which the schools had to discipline these

kids decreased by 50% ~ these youths using
violence at school.
as did incidences of
Chapter 07
45
Passage
Science Technology Nature
Many of us have been taught that when water is heated, it evaporates into the
air, rising up into the sky and eventually forming clouds. It was a simple
concept involving just water, the Sun, and the sky. This idea was accepted as a
basic truth which we never questioned, as we never doubt whether the Earth
orbits around the Sun or not. But as it turns out, weve all been misled. The
whole process of cloud formation depends on the presence of aerosols,
microscopic particles, which are needed for the process of condensation to take
place in the atmosphere. In short, water vapor will not turn into clouds, mist or
fog without aerosols.
It is hard to test theories of cloud formation
since some variables cannot be evenly
controlled. (A) For instance, there are
different pollutants in the atmosphere above
different urban areas. (B) Since the
atmosphere above the worlds oceans is
more stable than that above most cities, scientists have been testing theories of
cloud formation by studying ship tracks, which are clouds created by the
aerosols emitted by tankers and other large ships. (C) Research has revealed that
the sulfur dioxide emitted from the smokestacks of these ships creates sulfate
aerosol particles in the atmosphere, which cause clouds to reflect more sunlight
and carry a greater amount of water. (D) The study will move on towards
explaining some of the climactic mysteries, such as why the Southern
Hemisphere is being affected by global warming much more quickly than the
Northern Hemisphere. (E)
evaporate [ivprit]
turn out
condensation [kndnsin] ,
pollutant [pl;tnt]
sulfur dioxide
stable [stibl]
smokestack [smukstk]
46
Level 3-B
aerosol [rs;l] , ()
take place ,
emit [imt] ,
sulfate [s=lfeit]
variable [vribl]
()
reveal [riv;l] ,
climactic [klaimktik]
Aim High Reading
Info Scan
1.
Which of the following is true about cloud formation? (choose two)
It turned out that water evaporation is not needed in forming

clouds.
It was found that aerosols allow water vapor to condense into
clouds.
Many people thought it was a just simple process without any
doubts.
Scientists found that cloud formation is closely related to the
Earths orbit.
Different particles in the atmosphere can lead to different
forms of clouds.
Analysis
2.
.
.
Detail
3.
ship tracks .

Coherence
4.
(A)~(E) , ?
This is proof that humans have been creating and modifying

clouds for generations through the burning of fossil fuels.
(A)
(B)
(D)
(E)
(C)
Chapter 07
47
Grammar
The presence of aerosols, microscopic particles, which are needed for the
process of condensation to take place in the atmosphere.
Ship tracks, which are clouds created by the aerosols emitted by tankers and
other large ships.
Tips ( , ) ,
.
Quiz
1. , .
She wrote her father a long letter, which he sent back
unopened.
2. , .
The teacher met his old student, who didn't recognize him
Structure
at first.
The sulfur dioxide emitted from the smokestacks of these ships creates sulfate
aerosol particles in the atmosphere, which cause clouds to reflect more sunlight
and carry a greater amount of water.
the sulfur dioxide ?
emitted from the smokestacks of these ships
()
which ?
sulfate aerosol particles in the atmosphere
()
The sulfur dioxide emitted from the
48
smokestacks of these ships
creates
()
which cause clouds ~ of water
Level 3-B
Passage 27
Writing
1. This idea
which we never questioned, as
we never doubt whether the Earth orbits around the Sun or not.
was accepted as a basic truth
2. In short, water vapor
~ clouds, mist or fog
without aerosols.
will not turn into
3.
~ theories of cloud formation since some variables
cannot be evenly controlled.

It is hard to test
4. The atmosphere above the worlds oceans is
~ that
above most cities.

more stable than
5. Sulfate aerosol particles in the atmosphere
and carry a greater amount of water.

cause clouds to reflect more sunlight
Chapter 07
49
Passage
The fish tank hasnt been cleaned in months; its a

smelly, algae-filled tank that is choking the life out
of the few remaining fish. When you finally have
the time to clean it, you lift open the top and the
stench repels you. So you want to leave the job for
another time and go do something else. The stench
of a polluted, algae-filled lake is not different. No one wants to live or play near
one. Everyone wants a clean, crystal-clear lake to reside by or swim in.
In the Upper Midwest, lakes are so important to peoples livelihoods that they
want to halt the process of lakes becoming algae-infested no-go zones before
its too late. Not only do they provide an outlet for recreation and an ideal
setting to connect with nature, but they also draw in the bulk of the tourist trade.
No one wants to see the pristine lake they fish on or swim in become polluted.
But its not easy to monitor water quality, for example, in the Upper Great
Lakes region of Michigan State where there are over 30,000 lakes and, where,
until recently, all measurements were done by hand. Testing 30,000 lakes by
hand is quite simply an impossible job.
Scientists have started using satellite
imagery to solve the problem of being unable to visit every lake. They have
found that satellite imagery is a good tool to monitor certain types of pollution
and levels of algae in the water. While hand-testing might more
comprehensively reveal myriad types of pollutants, satellite imagery does have
the benefit of having every lake included in the pollution report.
smelly [smli]
reside [ri;sid] ,
infest [infst] ,
no-go [nougou]
pristine [prsti;n]
reveal [riv;l]
50
algae-filled [ld,ifld]
repel [ripl] ,
Level 3-B
measurement [m,mnt]
pollutant [pl;tnt]
choke [touk]
stench [stent]
halt [h;lt] ,
draw in
()
bulk [b<lk] ,
comprehensively [kmprihnsivli]
Aim High Reading
Info Scan
1.
Which of the following is NOT true?
Satellite images can help people evaluate the water clarity of

many lakes.
It is impossible to measure the water quality of all the lakes
by hand.
Lakes are central to the lives of those who reside in the Upper
Midwest.
Many of the lakes in the Upper Midwest have been badly
contaminated.
Tests done by hand can give more detailed information on
water pollution.
Coherence
2.
But things are getting worse in the Upper Midwest.

Moreover, people seem reluctant to solve this problem.
The situation, however, has recently improved a lot.
But environmentalists have been paying attention.
Even technology failed to improve the situation.
Vocabulary
3.
myriad ?
many
minute
exact
essential
frequent
Detail
4.
the Upper Midwest

.
.
Chapter 07
51
Grammar
They want to halt the process of lakes becoming algae-infested no-go zones.
+
Do you mind my closing the window?
Tips . .
Quiz
1. . There is little chance of the plane being late
2. . My boss doesnt mind my being late
for work.
3. . (make calls)
He dislikes his secretary making
Structure
private calls.
to
Scientists have started using satellite imagery to solve the problem of being unable
to visit every lake.
?
to solve the problem of ~ every lake

(unable) ?
to visit every lake
52
( to)
Scientists
()
using satellite imagery
have started
()
to solve ~ every lake
Level 3-B
Passage 28
Writing
1. Everyone wants a clean, crystal-clear lake
to reside by or swim in
2. Lakes are
they want to halt the process of
lakes becoming algae-infested no-go zones.

so important to peoples livelihoods that
3.
~ an outlet for recreation and an ideal
setting to connect with nature, but they also draw in the bulk of the
tourist trade.
Not only do they provide
4. Until recently, all measurements
were done by hand
5. Satellite imagery
~ having every lake
included in the pollution report.

does have the benefit of
Chapter 07
53
Review
A
01. abstract
07. participate in
02. choke
08. pollutant
03. discipline
09. reside
04. evaporate
10. stable
05. formation
11. statistics
()
06. halt
12. variable
n.
A .
01.
the whole process of cloud formation
02.
the pollutant emitted from cars
03.
control some variables
04.
the troubled students who participated in the test
05. a clean and clear lake to reside by

06. .
The water evaporates into the air.
A .
disciplined
01. If someone is
for something that he or she has done wrong, he or
she is punished for it.

02.
Statistics
are facts which are supported by numbers that show the percentage
of people affected by a certain fact.

03. If an object is
stable
, it is firmly fixed in position and is not likely to move
or fall.
04. A(n)
abstract
idea or way of thinking is based on general ideas rather than
on real things and events.

05. When something
chokes
you, you cannot breathe properly or get enough
air into your lungs.

06. When a vehicle
stands still.
54
Level 3-B
halts
, it stops moving in the direction it was going and
Passages 25~28
01. Have you ever heard of
like that?
me speaking
me to speak
02. He
for me to speak
on the forehead.
kissed his baby
kissed in his baby
kissed to his baby
03. The childs mother thanked me for

what I will do
for her son.
what I have done
04. The firefighers
what I had done
the tall building by the back door.
entered
entered to
entered into
05. Im falling in love with myself,

who is
a wonderful feeling.
that is
06. We are looking forward

his returning
which is
to Rome.
to his returning
07. Until now, planetary scientists
for him to return

for years over an apparent
contradiction on Mars.
were puzzled
have been puzzled
had puzzled
08. Many substantive ideas and proposals had been expressed,

he would follow up carefully.
that
09.
what
which
is the past perfect form of have when it is used as a main
verb to describe our experiences and actions.

Had
Have had
Had had
10. He frees us from ill-will and fills us with kindness,
every man
should follow with sweet hymns in his praise.

whom
what
that
Chapter 07
55
Chapter 08
Passage 29_
Baby Signing
Passage 30_
The Remarkable Bee
Passage 31_
Scuba Diving
in Boracay Islands
Passage 32_
Saturn
amino acid
asteroid
be composed of ~

be prone to -ing ~
~
bound
breath-taking
by instinct
cap off
carbohydrate
celestial ,

challenging ,
combine
comet
connection ,

consistently ,
,
deadly
defend ,
B
distinguish A from B A
drift ,
drone
dwarf
enhance ,
evaporate
,
experienced
expert
explore
exquisite ,
eye-catching
frequency
grain
helium
hemisphere ()
hive
honeycomb
immense
in conjunction with ~
in particular
ingest
inquisitive
intriguing
invader
(pl. larvae)
larva
, (~)
lay ()
lifespan
mimic ,
mimicry ,
nectar
Neptune
novice ,
, , ,
order n.
orientation
overall
participate

pelagic ,
pollen
pouch
protein
protrusion ,
Saturn
()
saw ,
shark

shattered ,
,
speck
sponge

sterile
(pl. stimuli)
stimulus
stinger ,
stunning ,
tempestuous
terrestrial
venom
vibration
Passage
Life Sport Music
By instinct babies try to mimic adults behaviors.

One form of mimicry that can be used as a
teaching and developmental tool by parents is
sign language. Child development experts are
recommending that parents teach their babies
how to sign so that they can communicate with
their babies even before those babies can speak.
Not only is signing thought to be a useful step in the direction toward full oral
communication, the process of signing itself can also help develop and improve
the overall capabilities of the brains of babies.
(A) The process of learning sign language enhances the development of the
babys brain. In the process of learning speech, information such as words is
stored in the brains left hemisphere. (B) In the process of learning sign
language, a baby must first recognize visual stimuli which are processed by the
right hemisphere, then transfer the knowledge or information about that sign to
the left hemisphere of the brain for storage and later reference. (C) Therefore,
the process of signing helps develop the capacity of a babys brain since the
connections between the left and right hemispheres of a babys brain are being
developed by this process.
(D) Recent studies have proven that babies who have learned sign language
have more well-developed language skills. The sign-trained children already
have the ability to remember words visually in conjunction with their real
meaning, so they are less prone to forgetting the meaning of words when they
start to learn to read. (E)
by instinct
oral [;rl] ,
mimic [mmik] ,
overall [uvr;l]
hemisphere [hmisf] ()
be prone to -ing
58
Level 3-B
mimicry [mmikri] ,
expert [ksp;t]
enhance [inhns] ,
stimuli [stmjlai] (stimulus )

connection [knkn]
Aim High Reading
Info Scan
1.
Which of the following is true according to the passage?
Most babies learn sign language before they learn how to

speak.
Parents should learn sign language to communicate with
the babies.
Many adults with language skill problem didnt learn sign
language.
Sign language is usually not necessary when babies learn
to speak.
Learning sign language helps babiess brian development
as they grow.
Analysis
2.
sign language
.
right hemisphere:
left hemisphere:
Coherence
3.
(A)~(E) ?
The stronger and larger these connections are made when

they are little, the better they will be able to process
information between the two hemispheres as they grow.
Detail
4.
(A)
(B)
(D)
(E)
(C)
Explain why sign-trained children are less likely to forget the

meaning of words. (in Korean)

Chapter 08
59
Grammar
should
Child development experts are recommending that parents (should) teach their
babies how to sign.
+
He insisted that she (should) pick him up at the airport.
He suggested that we (should) finish our report tomorrow.
Tips , , , (recommend, suggest, demand, insist, order, command ) that

<should > should . should
. 3 s .
Quiz
1. . (go on a diet) The doctor suggested that I (should) go on a diet

2. . His words suggested that she leave now
Structure
.
.
()
A baby must first recognize visual stimuli which are processed by the right
hemisphere, then transfer the knowledge or information about that sign to the left
hemisphere of the brain for storage and later reference.
visual stimuli ?
which are processed by the right hemisphere
()
transfer , ?
the knowledge or information about that sign
to the left hemisphere of the brain
+ + , then + + + () + ()
the knowledge or information about
A baby
that sign
must first recognize
()
()
for storage and later reference
visual stimuli which are processed

by the right hemisphere
then +
60
Level 3-B
then transfer
Passage 29
Writing
1. By instinct babies
~ adults behaviors.
try to mimic
2.
~ to be a useful step, the process of signing
itself can also help develop and improve the capabilities of the
brains.
Not only is signing thought
3. The stronger and larger these connections are made,
~ process information between the two hemispheres.

the better they will be able to
4. The sign-trained children already have the ability to remember words

visually .
in conjunction with their real meaning
5. They
the meaning of words.
are less prone to forgetting
Chapter 08
61
Passage
Between 20,000 and 60,000 bees live in a single hive. The queen bees main
activity is laying eggs, approximately 1,500 eggs a day and it lives for up to 2
years. The drone is the bee whose only job is to mate with her and has a lifespan
of around 24 days they have no stinger. And the worker bees, all sterile
females, usually work to death, collecting pollen and nectar within 40 days in
summer. Worker bees fly up to 14 km (9 miles) to find pollen and nectar, flying
at 24 km/h (15 mph).
Pollen is the main source of protein and vitamins for bees, with the 10 amino
acids they require. Nectar is up to 80% sugar but less than 0.2% in protein, so
nectar is the carbohydrate supply for the hive. Bees place the nectar in
honeycomb cells and then evaporate the water from the nectar by rapid wing
movement. When the amount of water comes down to 20%, this is called honey
and the bees cap off the cells. A mixture of honey and pollen is called bee
bread and is the food for larvae and bees.
A worker bee communicates her floral findings by
performing a dance on the honeycomb. The
orientation of her wing movements and the frequency
of her vibrations indicate the direction and distance of
the flowers. The worker bees defend the hive. The
strong stinger quickly saws into the skin of the
invader and the venom pouch begins to contract
rhythmically to pump venom into the intruder.
hive [haiv]
pollen [pln]
lay [lei] ()
carbohydrate [k;bouhidreit]
sterile [stril]
amino acid
honeycomb [h=nikum]
cell [sel] ()
orientation [;rientin]
defend [difnd] ,
saw [s;] , ()
Level 3-B
stinger [st\g] ,
protein [pruti;n]
larva [l;v] (pl. larvae)

pouch [paut]
62
drone [droun]
nectar [nkt]
contract [kntrkt]
frequency [fr;kwnsi]
invader [invid]
venom [vnm]
Aim High Reading
Info Scan
1.
Which of the following is NOT true about honey bees?
None of the bees can live longer than the queen bee.
Worker bees are females and live longer than the drone.
The drone dies immediately after mating with the queen.
The majority of the bees are the drone and worker bees.
The drone does not have any venom to kill enemies.
Analysis
Analysis
2.
3.
, .
: 80
: 0.2
: 20
Vocabulary
4.
contract ?
pledge
expand
inject
swallow
constrict
Chapter 08
63
Grammar
- to
The venom pouch begins to contract rhythmically. (=begins contracting)

+
He is considering going abroad to study.
I decided to purchase the apartment.
Tips agree, claim, decide, demand, expect, intend, pretend, promise, prove,
tend, want, wish, fail, proceed, manage, hesitate, afford, manage ,
admit , advise , appreciate , avoid , consider , deny , enjoy , finish , give up , mention , mind , miss ,
postpone . begin, continue, intend, like, love,
mean, plan, cease, endure, start .
Quiz
1. . She enjoys surfing the Internet
2. . I decided to study hard
from now on.
3. ? Would you mind turning the radio down
Structure
The worker bees, all sterile females, usually work to death, collecting pollen and
nectar within 40 days in summer.
The worker bees ?
all sterile females

?
collecting pollen and nectar
64
()
()
()
The worker bees, all sterile females, () collecting pollen and nectar
usually work
()
to death
Level 3-B
()
within 40 days in summer
Passage 30
Writing
1. The queen bees main activity
, approximately 1,500
eggs a day.
is laying eggs
2. The drone is the bee
with her.
whose only job is to mate
3. The worker bees, all sterile females,
collecting pollen and nectar.

usually work to death
4. When the amount of water
~ 20%, this is called honey.
comes down to
5. The strong stinger quickly saws into the skin of the invader and the
venom pouch begins to contract rhythmically
.
to pump venom into the intruder
Chapter 08
65
Passage
Life Sport Music
Boracay, an island 315 km south of Manila, has consistently

been rated as having the best scuba diving sites in the world.
Not only can experienced divers find challenging and breathtaking dive sites to test themselves, but there are also
numerous easier sites for those with no experience or for
those who wish to snorkel rather than scuba dive.
Experienced divers, who wish to explore top-rated dive sites, can visit such
areas as the Sibuyan Sea, Tablas, Romblon, Semirara and Laurel Island. In
particular Laurel Island has strong undercurrents surrounding it, making it
dangerous for novice divers but challenging for experienced divers. What
happens near Laurel Island is that the strong undercurrents allow skilled divers
to participate in what is known as drift diving, drifting along with the fastmoving undercurrent. Also near Laurel Island, divers are likely to see brightly
colored yellow and orange coral polyps opening up fully so that they can ingest
plankton passing by in the fast moving water. In addition to coral, divers can see
huge sponges in many colors as well as numerous other pelagic fish such as
sharks and barracudas.
Boracay itself has excellent dive sites which offer challenges to divers with less
experience. One great site for divers to explore is Fridays Rock, a great
protrusion of rocks from under the sea. It is home to brilliantly colored coral of
the hard and soft variety. Other fish you are bound to see are darting butterfly
fish, inquisitive wrasses, fast-moving damsels, playful blue tangs, and deadly
stingrays.
breath-taking [bre^tiki\]
drift [drift] ,
sponge [sp<nd,]
66
snorkel [sn;kl] ( )
coral [k;rl]
pelagic [peld,ik]
ingest [ind,st]
barracuda [brk;d] ()
protrusion [protr;,n] ,
bound [baund] ~
inquisitive [inkwztiv]
wrasse [rs]
deadly [ddli] ,
stingray [st\ri]
Level 3-B
undercurrent [=ndk;rnt]
polyp [plip] ; ( )
butterfly fish
damsel [dmzl]
tang [t\]
Aim High Reading
Analysis
1.
Which is NOT mentioned as a reason for the popularity of

Boracay Islands?
There are many scuba diving places for divers of varying

diving skills.
There are many islands where experts can enjoy
challenging diving trips.
There are fascinating sea creatures to see under water near
the islands.
People can have various choices among many islands for
scuba diving.
There are various scuba diving lessons for less or non
experienced people.
Vocabulary
2.
novice .
those with no experience
Analysis
3.
What is Laurel Island NOT famous for among scuba divers?
drift diving in fast undercurrents

various types of coral with beautiful colors
big sponges with various colors
huge rocks that came from the deep sea
many different fish living deep in the sea
Detail
4.
Explain why coral polyps near Laurel Island are fully opened up?
(in Korean)

Chapter 08
67
Grammar
to
One great site for divers to explore is Fridays Rock.

+
It was rude of you to go away without a word.
Tips to . <for> ,
<of > . kind, good, wise, foolish, nice
() .
Quiz
1. . It is necessary for us to recycle waste
2. . It was careless of you to lose your cell phone
again.
3. .
It is hard for a rich man to enter
Structure
the kingdom of heaven.
what/if/whether
What happens near Laurel Island is that the strong undercurrents allow skilled
divers to participate in what is known as drift diving.
skilled divers ?
what is known as drift diving
68
()
What happens near Laurel Island
is
that the strong undercurrents ~ as drift diving
Level 3-B
Passage 31
Writing
1. There are also numerous easier sites
or for
those who wish to snorkel rather than scuba dive.

for those with no experience
2. In particular Laurel Island has strong undercurrents surrounding it,

making it dangerous for novice divers but .
challenging for experienced divers
3. What happens near Laurel Island is that the strong undercurrents

allow skilled divers to participate in .
4. Divers can see huge sponges in many colors
~ numerous
other pelagic fish such as sharks and barracudas.

as well as
5. Other fish
are darting butterfly fish, inquisitive
wrasses, and deadly stingrays.

you are bound to see
Chapter 08
69
Passage
The Solar System consists of the Sun and the other celestial objects: the eight
planets, the hundreds of moons, three dwarf planets including Pluto, and
millions of small bodies. In order of their distance from the Sun, the planets are
Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune.
In broad terms, the planets can be divided into four
terrestrial or rocky inner planets including Earth and
four gas giant outer planets. And, with its stunning rings
and dozens of moons, Saturn is the most intriguing
among outer planets. Saturn is similar to Jupiter, Uranus
and Neptune since, like those outer planets, it is composed of two gases: helium
and hydrogen. On the other hand, it is unlike those planets because of its
fascinating and eye-catching rings. Saturns exquisite rings without a doubt are
what distinguish it from all the other planets in the Solar System.
Saturn has the most wide-ranging ring system in our Solar System, stretching
out hundreds of thousands of miles from the planet. The rings are composed of
billions of small specks, which are no bigger than a grain of salt, and billions of
huge pieces, which can be as big as a house, of ice and rock orbiting Saturn at
different speeds. The rocks come from shattered moons, comets and asteroids.
Each tiny or immense piece of ice or rock making up a ring, orbits the planet on
its own path.
The giant planet has a tempestuous atmosphere with winds which can reach
speeds of up to 1,800 km an hour. These hyper-speed winds, combined with
heat rising from within the planets interior, cause the yellow and gold bands
visible in its atmosphere.
celestial [silstl] ,
stunning [st=ni\] ,
helium [h;lim]
speck [spek]
70
Level 3-B
moon [mu;n] ()
eye-catching [aikti\]
dwarf [dw;f]
intriguing [intr;gi\]
comet [kmit]
terrestrial [trstril]
be composed of ~
exquisite [ikskwzit] ,
asteroid [strid]
tempestuous [tempstus]
Aim High Reading
Info Scan
1.
Which of the following is NOT true about Saturn?
It is categorized into the outer planets of the Solar System.

It is the biggest among the planets in the Solar System.
It is characterized by strong wind in a stormy atmosphere.
It is an outer planet that has wide rings and many moons.
It is mainly composed of the gases as outer planets.
Analysis
Detail
2.
3.
inner planets outer planets .
inner planets:
outer planets:
Which of the following is NOT correct about Saturn

s rings?
They extend hundreds of thousands of miles from the

planet.
The components are in a variety of sizes.
The components are from broken bodies.
It is composed of grains of salt, ice and rock.
Each ring orbits the planet at varying speed.
Analysis
4.
Saturn
.

Chapter 08
71
Grammar
what
Saturns exquisite rings are what distinguish it from all the other planets.
+
My best friend gave me what I wanted.
My best friend gave me the book that I wanted.
Tips what who, which, that , .
Quiz
1. All [ that / what ] I know is that I know nothing.

2. He always does [ that / what ] he believes is right.
3. [ That / What ] is learned in the cradle is carried to the grave.
Structure
The planets can be divided into four terrestrial or rocky inner planets including
Earth and four gas giant outer planets.
inner planets .
four
/ terrestrial or rocky / ( including Earth )
outer planets .
four
72
/ gas giant
()
The planets
divided
can be
()
into ~ outer planets
Level 3-B
Passage 32
Writing
1.
~ the Sun, the planets are Mercury, Venus, Earth,
Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune.

In order of their distance from
2. Saturns exquisite rings
are what distinguish it from
all the other planets in the Solar System.

without a doubt
3. The rings are composed of billions of small specks,
~ a grain of salt, and billions of huge pieces, which
can be as big as a house.

which are no bigger than
4. Each tiny or immense piece of ice or rock making up a ring, orbits

the planet ().
on its own path
5. These hyper-speed winds, combined with heat rising from within

the planets interior, in its atmosphere.
cause the yellow and gold bands visible
Chapter 08
73
Review
A
01. be prone to -ing
07. ingest
02. distinguish A from B
A B
08. inquisitive
03. explore
09. intriguing
04. exquisite
10. mimic
05. frequency
11. novice
, ( expert )
06. immense
12. sterile
A .
01. (dangerous)
be dangerous for a novice
02.
be less prone to forgetting
03. ~
mimic ones behavior
04. ( pulse)
the frequency of pulse
05. ( the Antarctic)
explore the Antarctic Continent
06.
distinguish Saturn from all the other planets
A .
sterile
01. A person or animal that is
is unable to produce babies.
immense
02. If you describe something as
, you mean that it is extremely large
or great.
03. When animals or plants
ingest
a substance, they take it into themselves,
for example by eating or absorbing it.

04. A(n)
inquisitive
person likes finding out about things, especially secret things.
05. Something that is
exquisite
is extremely beautiful or pleasant, especially in a
delicate way.
06. My art style has been described as
strangely attractive.
74
Level 3-B
intriguing
, eerie and, sometimes,
Passages 29~32
01. Its time

your acting
like an intellectual.
of you to act
02. I insisted that he

had resigned
for you to act
as chairman. ( )
should resign
would resign
03. It is often said that education makes us

that we are
what we are
04. It will be helpful

their to live
their happy life even a little.

of them to live
05. Aesops fables teach humans

what to live
how to live
08. It was wise

your refusing
09. This year they

gave up creation
has not heard
had not heard
too much at night.

avoid to eat
to avoid eating
the companys offer.

of you to refuse
for you to refuse
all the fantastic content.

gave up creating
10. When doing anything, just focus on

what
how to living
me. ( )
07. You had better

avoid eating
for them to live
their lives well.
06. She insisted that she

should not hear
which we are
that
gave up to create
you are doing.

which
Chapter 08
75
Chapter 09
Passage 33_
Math Naturals
Passage 34_
Crystals
Passage 35_
The Language of
Weight Control
Passage 36_
Christmas to Come Together
)
aid (
appliance
archeologist
internal
be supposed to
carve

intensify ~
around the corner

complicate v.
confusion
date back
dedicated
distraction
extensively
fallout
heal
hallway
ill-will
imply
inevitable
originate
potentially
prehistoric
property
psychologist
purpose ,
quartz

result in ~
get rid of
orderly
genius
meditation

resist ,
gene
festering
archeological
instinct
ritual
scatter
smirk
split
squabble
subconscious
subtract ,
value
worn-out
Passage
Its probably too much to say that kids are

natural math geniuses. But researchers feel
that it is safe to say that kids can solve
some math problems even without
knowing how to add or subtract. By using
their instincts to estimate values, kids can
avoid the confusion of exact calculations.
Some psychologists recently tested kids from a variety of backgrounds to make
sure that wealth or level of education didnt affect the results.
In the first study, 20 of 5 to 6-year-olds from wealthy, well-educated families sat
in front of computers that showed a split computer screen which displayed a
boys face on one side and a girls face on the other. Above the girls face was a
bag with the number 21 printed on it. The screen read, She has 21 candies.
Then the picture of the girl changed. Above her was a bag with the number 30
on it. The screen read, She gets 30 more candies. Above the picture of the boy
was a bag marked 34. The screen read, He has 34 candies. Now, kids were
asked Who has more? Nearly three-quarters of kindergartners got the answer
right. If the kids had just guessed who had more candies, only half of them
would have been correct.
For the second experiment, the scientists tested 37 kindergartners from poor and
middle-class families. The kids had to answer questions in a hallway outside
their school classroom, where it was very noisy, to see if more distractions than
in the first study could affect the result. Still, more than 75% of these kids got
the answers right.
too ~ to do ~
psychologist [saikld,ist]
subtract [sbtrkt] ,
affect [fkt]
kindergartner [kndg;tn] ,
78
Level 3-B
instinct [nsti\t] ,
split [split] ,
hallway [h;lwi]
distraction [distrkn]
Aim High Reading
Info Scan
1.
Which of the following is correct?
The kids from well-educated families got a better result

on the test.
Kindergartners from poor families got the lowest scores in the
experiment.
Half of the kindergartners in both experiments got the correct
answer.
All the kindergartners have gotten the same math problems
in the test.
It has turned out that many of the kindergartners just guessed
the answer.
Inference
2.
Why does the author mention the possible result of mere guesses?
to make sure that the kids werent cheating on each other

on the test
to point out that the result was higher than researchers had
thought
to emphasize that the kindergartners didnt just guess the answer
to show how intelligent those kids from well-educated
families are
to compare the result with the result from the regular
kindergartners
Analysis
3.

.
:
:
Summary
4.
Regardless of their backgrounds , kids can use their instincts

to estimate values without knowing how to calculate
Chapter 09
79
Grammar
If the kids had just guessed who had more candies, only half of them would
have been correct.
+
If it had not snowed, we could have climbed the mountain.
Tips . <( had )>

, < have > .
Quiz
1 . . (catch the plane)

If we had got up earlier, we could have caught the plane
2. . (wear a seat belt)

He would have been seriously injured if he hadnt been wearing
a seat belt.
3. , . (Cleopatra, short)
If Cleopatras nose had been shorter , the whole face of the earth would have changed.
Structure
()
20 of 5 to 6-year-olds from wealthy, well-educated families sat in front of

computers that showed a split computer screen which displayed a boys face on
one side and a girls face on the other.
20 ?
5 to 6-year-olds from wealthy,

well-educated families
()
5~6 20
computers ?
showed a split computer screen

screen ?
displayed a boys face on one side and a girls face on the other
80
()
()
()
20 of 5 to 6-year-olds from
wealthy, well-educated families
()
that showed a split computer screen
sat
()
which displayed a boys face on one
()
in front of computers
Level 3-B
side and a girls face on the other
Passage 33
Writing
1.
~ that kids are natural math geniuses.

Its probably too much to say
2. But researchers feel that it is safe to say that kids can solve some
math problems even .
without knowing how to add or subtract
3.
with the number 21 printed on it.

Above the girls face was a bag
4.
, She gets 30 more candies.

The screen read
5. The kids had to answer questions in a hallway
more distractions than in the first study could affect the result.
to see if
Chapter 09
81
Passage
Person History
The history of crystal dates back thousands of years to Mesopotamian times. As

we study history we find crystals were in use for other purposes than jewelry.
Crystals make beautiful jewelry because by definition they have an orderly
internal structure that is reflected by light. Furthermore, it is believed that
specific crystals can aid specific physical and mental health problems. All we
have to do is place them near us to get these health benefits. Lastly, there has
always been a strong spiritual connection with crystals which is partly related to
both their beauty and their mental health benefits.
In Boyne Valley in Ireland, there is an
ancient grave, which is older than the
pyramids, built by prehistoric people.
The grave is a kind of solar temple
which has a roof covered in white quartz,
representing the White Goddess. It was
built to allow the sun to shine through on
the Winter Solstice. There has also been archeological evidence that crystals
were used by the Egyptians. Archeologists have concluded that crystals were
extensively used for numerous purposes, including spiritual purposes in North,
Central, and South America. In Asia, quartz has a long tradition of being carved
and admired for its beauty. The heart of the dragon which in Asian tradition is
admired for its wisdom and intelligence is frequently represented by a crystal
ball. Lastly, ancient India also has a rich tradition of using crystals. Indians were
the first to place crystals on the body for healing and meditation purposes. This
is where the idea of using crystals for their energy giving properties originated.
date back
orderly [;dli] ,
prehistoric [pr;ist;rik]
quartz [kw;ts]
archeological [;kild,ikl]
meditation [mdtin]
82
Level 3-B
internal [int;nl]
Winter Solstice ()
extensively [ikstnsivli]
originate [rd,nit] ,
carve [k;v] ,
Aim High Reading
Info Scan
1.
Which of the following can be the best topic of the passage?
ancient evidence of using crystals in structures

the origin of using crystals as meditation purpose
the spiritual power of crystals in prehistoric religions
ancient proofs of using crystals for various purposes
ancient nations where crystals were greatly respected
Analysis
2.
What are the three main purposes of crystals in ancient times?

(in Korean)
,

Inference
3.
Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
There is a lack of proof for using crystals in ancient times.

Crystals were not very popular in some ancient civilizations.
The use of crystals was not limited to particular cultures.
Only people in certain hierarchy benefited from crystals.
Most crystals were mined in countries in Europe and
America.
Vocabulary
4.
properties ?
structures
assets
qualities
substance
jewels
Chapter 09
83
Grammar
to to
All we have to do is (to) place them near us to get these health benefits.
+
All we did was (to) say hello to them.
Tips be to to . do .
Quiz
to .
1. I decided to study hard from now on. <
>
2. What I really wanted to do was to gain honor from other people. < / >
3. The best we can do is to help them to get rid of the oil from the sea. < / >
Structure
The heart of the dragon which in Asian tradition is admired for its wisdom and
intelligence is frequently represented by a crystal ball.
, , ?
the dragon
in Asian tradition
for its wisdom and intelligence
()
The heart of the dragon
which in Asian tradition is admired

() for its wisdom and intelligence
84
Level 3-B
is
()
frequently represented
()
by a crystal ball
Passage 34
Writing
1. The history of crystal
thousands of years to
Mesopotamian times.
dates back
2. As we study history we find crystals were
~ other
purposes than jewelry.

in use for
3.
is place them near us to get these health
benefits.
All we have to do
4. It was built
through on the Winter Solstice.
to allow the sun to shine
5.
~ the idea of using crystals for their energy giving
properties originated.
This is where
Chapter 09
85
Passage
Life Sport Music
When we program a computer, we are telling it exactly what we want it to do.

And it will do exactly what we want it to do. It is exactly the same with humans
and every day you are programming yourself even if you dont know it.
Whenever you tell yourself something about your expectations and goals, you
are programming your internal, sub-conscious computer. If you look at your
class schedule and say, Math is hard. I hate it,
sure enough you wont do well in math. Youve
programmed your brain to think that its too hard
for you, so you have almost no chance of ever
succeeding at math.
Do you often tell people that you are trying to lose
weight? When you say you are trying that means
that you arent actually doing it. It means that you
are only trying. When you say something like this,
it is inevitable that you will fail.
The word lose is also bound to lead you to failure if you go around telling
others that I am trying to lose weight. The word lose implies that you want
to find whatever has been lost. Do you want to find your lost weight? Not
really. But what is happening is that your subconscious is being programmed to
accept failure.
So what should you say when you have old, worn-out clothes that you no longer
wear? Or what do you do with them? You GET RID OF them. Why not try
doing the same thing with your weight? Say
internal [int;nl] ,
sub-conscious [s<bkns]
inevitable [invitbl] ,
imply [impli] ,
86
Level 3-B
weight [weit]
bound [baund] ~ , ~
worn-out [w;naut] ,
get rid of ~
Aim High Reading
Info Scan
1.
According to the passage, which of the following is true?
Our mind is programmed to do what it desires to do.

Our mind functions only when the command is precise.
Our mind avoids things that are beyond what it can do.
Our mind is designed to accept what is considered easy.
Our mind is directed exactly by what is said or thought.
Analysis
2.
try to lose weight try lose

.
try:
lose: .
Detail
3.
.
I will get rid of my weight.
Vocabulary
4.
sub-conscious computer
.
yourself
your brain
Chapter 09
87
Grammar
Do you want to find whatever has been lost?

+
I have just finished my work.
I have lived here for ten years.
Have you ever read this book?
Tips 12 < haveO`hasP> .

. , , ,
4 .
when .
Quiz
1. 21 . (achieve)
Hes only 21, but he has already achieved
worldwide fame.
2. . (take off)
The plane has just taken off
from Gimpo International Airport.
3. . (get thinner)
Scientist have noticed that the ozone layer has been getting thinner
Structure
what/if/whether
When we program a computer, we are telling it exactly what we want it to do.

?
a computer
it(a computer)
what we want it to do
88
it ?
()
()
()
When we program a computer
it
we
()
exactly
are telling
Level 3-B
Passage 35
Writing
1. It will do exactly
2. You
~ ever succeeding at math.
have almost no chance of
3. When you
, it is inevitable that you will fail.
say something like this
4. The word lose
~ you to failure.
is also bound to lead
5. But
is that your subconscious is being
programmed to accept failure.

what is happening
Chapter 09
89
Passage
Life Sport Music
Christmas comes once a year, but as far as commercial

interests and town centres are concerned, you can safely
say that about two months a year are dedicated to it. With
families chasing their careers all over the country, its often
difficult to get to know the people we share most of our
genes with. All of a sudden Christmas is around the corner.
Its probably one of the few times of the year when people get to meet and catch
up especially now families are scattered all over the country. And it is quite
common that festering ill-will for an aunt, an uncle or whomever
. How is Theresa supposed to react to a smirking
uncle who wonders why a 35-year-old woman isnt married yet? Yes, Christmas
is a time for spread-out families to come together and meet, but its also a
potentially dangerous situation and family members often intensify their
fallouts with each other during this time of year.
And the Christmas gift giving ritual can further complicate existing squabbles.
We share our genes with these people, but still how are we to know what the
perfect gift is? Whatever you buy for your aunt, it can be a potentially sore
point for her. How can we possibly know what color she hates or what kitchen
appliances she uses? This whole process results in what might be considered a
type of writers block. The writer cannot write out of fear that he has nothing
to say and the gift giver cannot buy out of fear that the gift will say I know
nothing about you! So we walk around the city, looking into windows and
resisting the calls of saleswomen. We are blocked up!
Rwriters block ( )
as far as ~ ()
dedicated [ddikitid]
around the corner

be supposed to ~
fallout [f;lut] ,
90
Level 3-B
scatter [skt]
all of a sudden
festering [fsti\]
smirk [sm;k]
sore [s;] ,
gene [d,i;n]
intensify [intnsfi] ~
appliance [plins] ,
resist [rizst]
Aim High Reading
Info Scan
1.
Which of the following is the main idea of the article?
Family members should avoid any possible argument on

Christmas.
People need to be cautious when preparing gifts for family
members.
Christmas can be a miserable time of the year for some people.
Christmas should be the most memorable family gathering of
year.
The true meaning of Christmas has been distorted as time
passes.
Coherence
2.
can be eased to some degree

can be discussed with family
is ignored during Christmas
can come to the surface
helps improve family relations
Analysis
3.
We are blocked up! .

Vocabulary
4.
squabbles ?
families
quarrels
holidays
relationships
gifts
Chapter 09
91
Grammar
But still how are we to know what the perfect gift is?
How can we possibly know what color she hates or what kitchen appliances
she uses?
+
I dont know ifO whetherPhe is a student.
Tips ()
. . < ifOwhetherP
++
>, <> .
Quiz
1. . I wonder ifOwhetherPthey will come
to our party tonight.
2. .
He wanted to know what her father was like and how long her mother had been dead .
Structure
what/if/whether
This whole process results in what might be considered a type of writers block.
?
what might be considered a type of writers block
This whole process
results in
what might be considered a type of writers block
Rresult in 3 .
92
Level 3-B
Passage 36
Writing
1. You
~
O``P that about two months a year
are dedicated to it.

can safely say
2. All of a sudden Christmas
is around the corner
3. Christmas is a time
and meet.
for spread-out families to come together
4.
for your aunt, it can be a potentially sore point for her.

Whatever you buy
5. The gift giver
~ that the gift will say I know
nothing about you!

cannot buy out of fear
Chapter 09
93
Review
A
01. appliance
07. meditation
02. archeologist
08. originate
03. date back
()
09. prehistoric
04. distraction
10. purpose
05. inevitable
11. subtract
06. instinct
12. too ~ to do
A .
01.
home appliances
02. 10 7
subtract 7 from 10
03.
prehistoric people
04. ~ , ~
forOwithPthe purpose of
05. .
Death is inevitable.
06. .
This stone is too heavy (for me) to lift.
A .
01. Total concentration is required with no

02.
Instinct
distractions .
is the inherent disposition of a living organism toward a particular
behavior.
03. Archaeologists study the remains left behind by people in the past.
04. When something
originates
or when someone
originates
it, it begins to
happen or exist.
05. If something
dates back
to a particular time, it started or was made at that
time.
06.
Meditation
is a discipline in which the mind is focused on an object of
thought or awareness.
94
Level 3-B
Passages 32~36
01. If we
by car, we would have saved time.
went
had gone
02. My best friend
have gone
China. So, he isnt here.
has been to
has gone to
had gone to
or not is up to you.
03.
If you will do it
What you will do it
04. What hes done
Whether you will do it
the whole thing.
spoil
is to spoil
05. If I
to spoil
longer legs, Id be able to run faster at the race.
had
have
06. My brother
had had
a car before.
will never drive
has never driven
07. What you have to do

is wait
was never driving
for her to come to see you.

be waited
be waiting
the meaning of this word is?
08.
What you think
09. If he had helped us, we

would finish
10. No one really knows

that happened to
Do you think what
What do you think
this project.
would be finished
would have finished
the dinosaurs.
what happened to
whether happened to
Chapter 09
95
Chapter 10
Passage 37_
Anti-Social Behavior
Passage 38_
Emotions Controlling
Inner Peace
Passage 39_
Furniture Designer
on the Cutting Edge
Passage 40_
How to Make
Your Own Weather Vane
acknowledge
adjustment
alternatively
approximately
arrangement
as a consequence of

aside from ~
block out
broom
burdensome
carpentry
controversial
(),
craftsman
revolutionary
routine
sanity
slit
spin
subconscious
tip
tremendous
triangular
minimize
nuisance
upholstery ()
uplifted
victimize
unsympathetic
lozenge
victim
intrigue
observe
respectful
obligation
put up with
the latter
functionalism ,
mediate
mechanics
precise
intense
the former
fence
horizontal
harassment
pervasive
post
decry
glue
out-of-place
take action
for generations
creep
flat
on edge
weather vane
weigh ~ down
width
woe
wooden
woodworking ,
wreck
Passage
Any given society by definition must have

rules of behavior which define what is
socially acceptable. While many people
today say that our society is becoming more
anti-social, the issue is still controversial.
On the one hand, when people decry anti-social behavior these days, they are
really saying that the rules of acceptable or social behavior seem to be
changing and that they dont like the new rules. This line of thinking may lead
us to say that young people are no longer as respectful of their elders and thus
they are being anti-social.
On the other hand, it can be argued that anti-social behavior is not increasing,
but it is merely being acknowledged more and more. This may be related to the
fact that people dont put up with things that they used to think were normal.
For instance, in general women no longer stand for certain types of harassment
endured by them for generations.
Anti-social behavior by definition has a broad range. It can be anything from
serious harassment from a close one to nuisances brought on by anti-social
neighbours. When the anti-social behavior of others victimizes us, we must not
blame ourselves but get help. The worst thing any victim can do is to keep his
or her victimization to himself or herself. Alternatively, victims of anti-social
behavior can talk to others. A person from outside can look at the situation with
fresh eyes. Support, encouragement and tips from others can also make a
tremendous difference. And, they can also help you decide whether to take
action or not.
define [difin]
controversial [kntrv;l] ,
decry [decry] ,
for generations
on the other hand

nuisance [n;sns] ,
alternatively [;lt;ntivli]
take action
98
Level 3-B
on the one hand
harassment [hrsmnt] ,
victimize [vktimiz]
make a difference
tremendous [trimnds]
Aim High Reading
Info Scan
1.
Which of the following is NOT true about anti-social behavior?
Every society has its own rules of being social and anti-social.
Being social means the behaviors are accepted by society.
The range of social or anti-social behavior can be very broad.
It is important not to keep it to yourself when you are victimized.
The victim of every anti-social behavior should be compensated.
Analysis
2.

.
.
Analysis
3.
Why does the author recommend talking to others when you are
victimized? (in Korean)
.
, , .
Vocabulary
4.
put up with
.
stand for
endure
Chapter 10
99
Grammar
< + be>
Women no longer stand for certain types of harassment (which were) endured
by them for generations.
Tips , < be> . be
-ible, -able , ( ) .
Quiz
1. He has a lovely daughter who is called Pam. < who is >

2. This is the man about whom I was speaking. <
>
3. The house which he lives in is very large. < which >

4. Of those who were invited only a few came to the party. < who were >
Structure
It can be anything from serious harassment from a close one to nuisances brought
on by anti-social neighbours.
anything ?
serious harassment from a close one
nuisances brought on by anti-social neighbours
100
()
()
It
()
from serious harassment from a close one
can be
()
to nuisances brought on by anti-
anything
Level 3-B
social neighbours
Passage 37
Writing
1. Any given society by definition must have rules of behavior which

define .
what is socially acceptable
2. They are really saying that the rules of acceptable or social

behavior .
seem to be changing
3. Women no longer stand for certain types of harassment
.
endured by them for generations
4.
is to keep his or her victimization to
himself or herself.
The worst thing any victim can do
5. They can also help you decide
whether to take action or not
Chapter 10
101
Passage
Life Sport Music
Stressed by unsympathetic bosses and routine but burdensome family

obligations we feel on edge. And then as we commute between our families and
our jobs, we listen to the news of the woes of environmental destruction,
financial ruin and murderous criminal activity. Just when we need to be
emotionally uplifted, we get weighted down with more worries.
You wouldnt want these things to
weigh you down any longer. The
key to maintaining your sanity
throughout the day is to minimize
the news the media throws at you.
Yes, the media is all-pervasive,
creeping in wherever you are,
entering your space when you turn
on your computer, your TV, your radio, or when you open up the daily
newspaper. (A) Since there is no way you dont turn these things on or open
them up forever, you have to take control of your mind. (B) You cannot afford
the emotional trouble of renting out space in your head to the mass media. (C)
What you truly need to do is to find some inner peace. You should sit back,
mediate and get rid of the emotions of jealousy, desire, anger and hate, which
are in your subconscious mind. (D) To do that you must realize that you are not
perfect and neither is anyone else. If you think your boss wants a perfect report
or your family wants a perfect holiday, you feel more stress and strain. And you
will never be able to find that inner peace you desire. (E)
unsympathetic [>nsimp^tik] ,
burdensome [b;dnsm]
woe [wou] ,
sanity [snti]
Level 3-B
obligation [blgin]
financial ruin
on edge
uplifted [<plftid] ,
pervasive [pvisiv] ,
mediate [m;diit] ,
102
routine [ru;t;n] ,
block out ~
weigh ~ down ~
creep [kri;p]
wreck [rek] ,
Aim High Reading
Coherence
1.
Even if you block out the emotions the media is throwing at

you, you might feel you are becoming an emotional wreck.
Analysis
2.
(A)
(B)
(D)
(E)
(C)
List the three main sources of stress mentioned in this passage.

(in Korean)

Detail
3.
What is recommended to control subconscious emotions? (in Korea)

Info Scan
4.
According to the passage which of the following is NOT correct?
Controlling the news from the media is one way to reduce

stress.
Relaxation and meditation can help you relieve your stress.
It is impossible to get rid of the media completely in your
daily life.
Complete inner peace can be obtained by blocking out the
news.
Jealousy, desire, anger and hate could be in your
subconsciousness.
Chapter 10
103
Grammar
`+`
You wouldnt want these things to weigh you down no longer.

You turn on your computer, or your TV, or your radio.
Tips <> .
. ,
.
Quiz
1. Put on your hat. Put it on.

2. He used to take off his socks when he came back home.
He used to take them off when he came back home.
3. You should try to turn off the light whenever you go out.
You should try to turn it off whenever you go out.
Structure
Stressed by unsympathetic bosses and routine but burdensome family obligations

we feel on edge.
Stressed() .
SinceO WhenPwe are

?
unsympathetic bosses
routine but burdensome family obligations
()
Stressed by unsympathetic bosses
104
and ~ obligations
feel
we
()
on edge
Level 3-B
Passage 38
Writing
1. Stressed by unsympathetic bosses and routine but burdensome

family obligations .
we feel on edge
2. The key to maintaining your sanity throughout the day
the media throws at you.

is to minimize the news
3. You
( ) of renting out space in
your head to the mass media.

cannot afford the emotional trouble
4.
is to find some inner peace.

What you truly need to do
5. To do that you must realize that you are not perfect and
.
neither is anyone else
Chapter 10
105
Passage
Person History
Furniture designer Bruno Mathsson, who was born in Varnamo, Sweden in

1907, was greatly influenced by the woodworking traditions of his family.
Carpentry, especially cabinet making, was his fathers trade so Mathsson grew
up learning about wood from his father. By watching and helping his father, he
acquired all the precise skills of a master craftsman. Thus, having become
interested in furniture making techniques, he gathered as much information as
he could from all the additional sources, aside from his father, that he knew of.
He learned a lot by borrowing books from libraries, museums and friends who
shared his intense passion for designing.
Mathsson became fascinated by functionalism in furniture
design as a consequence of this self-education in designing. He
wanted to create more functional and modern furniture than the
flat board furniture his father and the rest of his woodworking
family members had been creating for centuries. His furniture
was designed with clean, elegant lines including some chairs
with positional adjustability. Some of the chairs he worked on didnt have
springs or upholstery. His ideas were revolutionary for his time.
Mathsson was so intrigued by what he termed the mechanics of sitting that he
conducted experiments to learn what repeated patterns humans made when they
sat down. He even conducted some experiments in snow to observe the results.
Some of his designs have become classics such as the Bruno Mathsson Pernilla
llbord table. The latter is a table which can be
chair and the Bruno Mathsson Fo
folded and made into several different arrangements. While it was designed in
1935, it would not be out-of-place in many homes today.
woodworking [wdw;ki\] ,
aside from ~
spring [spri\]
upholstery [<phulstri] ()
mechanics [mkniks]
106
Level 3-B
carpentry [k;pntri] ,
intense [intns] ,
craftsman [krftsmn] (),
functionalism [f=\nlzm] ,
intrigue [intr;g]
classics [klsik] ,
the latter ( the former)
Aim High Reading
Info Scan
1.
Which of the following is true about Mathsson? (Choose two)
He applied for patents for his artistic furniture designs.

He was more interested in making functional furniture.
He studied furniture making techniques all by himself.
His revolutionary design ideas didnt pay off at the time.
He grew up learning the technical skills to make furniture.
Analysis
Detail
2.
3.
Mathsson .
chair:
table:
the mechanics of sitting .

Inference
4.
Which of the following can be inferred about Mathsson?
The idea of functionalism in furniture was first created by

him.
He took over his fathers business after he became skillful
enough.
Some of his designs are still popular among many people.
His furniture was more expensive than other furniture at the
time.
He didnt really enjoy the furniture his father had been
creating.
Chapter 10
107
Grammar
He wanted to create more functional and modern furniture than the flat board
furniture his father had been creating for centuries.
+
I had the book that he had given me.
Tips , . < had p.p.> .
Quiz
1. When I woke up, the sun [ already rose / had already risen ].
2. I recognized the lady at once though we [ didnt meet / hadnt met ] for years.
3. It was difficult to determine exactly where the accident [ took / had taken ] place.
Structure
He wanted to create more functional and modern furniture than the flat board
furniture his father and the rest of his woodworking family members had been
creating for centuries.
the flat board furniture ?
his father and the rest of ~ for centuries
()
()
()
He
()
than the flat board furniture
wanted
()
his father ~ for centuries
to create more functional and modern furniture
R to more functional and modern furniture to

.
108
Level 3-B
Passage 39
Writing
1. He gathered
from all the additional sources,
aside from his father, that he knew of.

as much information as he could
2. Mathsson
in furniture design as a consequence
of this self-education in designing.

became fascinated by functionalism
3. His ideas were
revolutionary for his time
4. He conducted experiments to learn
when they sat down.

what repeated patterns humans made
5. The latter is a table
~ several different
arrangements.
which can be folded and made into
Chapter 10
109
Passage
Life Sport Music
Lets make our own weather vane. Start with an

approximately 30 cm long piece of wood. This piece of
wood should be approximately 1 cm in width and 2 cm in
height. Cut a horizontal slit about 1 cm deep on each end
of the piece of wood. In the middle of the piece of wood,
hammer one nail all the way through it. Spin the piece of
wood around the nail until
.
Cut a triangular head and a lozenge-shaped tail for the
weather vane from a piece of aluminum such as a pie
plate. Glue the head into one slit and the tail into the
other slit. Allow time for the glue to dry.
Get a long wooden dowel to put the weather vane onto. A dowel is a long,
round piece of wood like the one that is used for broom handles. Before
hammering the weather vane on top of the dowel, place a metal washer on the
end of the dowel which the weather vane is going to be attached to. Now
hammer the nail in the middle of the weather vane, into the end of the dowel.
Make sure that it moves freely and easily around the nail.
Now you can put your weather vane outside. A good place to put it is on a fence
post using nails. Try to get the vane as high above the fence as you can while
still keeping the dowel steady and secure. The triangular head will always point
in the direction the wind is blowing from. For example, if the head points to the
Southwest, then the wind is blowing from the Southwest. Its as simple as that.
A common mistake is to think that the wind is blowing toward the Southwest.
Rlozenge: a shape with four corners:
The two corners that point up and down are further away than the two pointing sideways.
weather vane
approximately [prksmitli]
hammer [hm]
glue [glu;] ,
110
Level 3-B
spin [spin] ,
wooden [wdn]
horizontal [h;rzntl] ,
triangular [trai\gjl]
broom [bru(;)m]
slit [slit] ,
lozenge [lzind,]
washer [w] ()
Aim High Reading
Analysis
1.
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a material

you will need?
glue and a wooden dowel

a long piece of wood
aluminum plates
wire and scissors
nails and a hammer
Coherence
2.
the stick doesnt turn around the nail

the stick breaks exactly in two pieces
the stick has a hole to put glue into
the stick turns easily around the nail
the stick can fit into a wooden dowel
Reference
3.
it ?
hammer
dowel
vane
washer
nail
Analysis
4.
The head of the weather vane points to the Northwest.

Explain the direction of the wind in Korean.
.
Chapter 10
111
Grammar
to
A common mistake is to think that the wind is blowing toward the Southwest.
To read a lot of books broadens our mind.
She promised to call me every month.
Tips to , , , . to
.
Quiz
to .
1. I decided to study hard from now on. < >

2. To cram for a test is a bad study strategy. <
>
3. Educations purpose is to replace an empty mind with an open one. <
Structure
>
A dowel is a long, round piece of wood like the one that is used for broom handles.
like the one ?
that is used for broom handles
112
()
()
A dowel
a long, round piece of wood
is
()
like the one that is used for broom handles
Level 3-B
Passage 40
Writing
1. Start with
30cm piece of wood.
an approximately 30 cm long
2. This piece of wood should be approximately
1cm 2cm .
1 cm in width and 2 cm in height
3. Allow time
for the glue to dry
4. A dowel is a long, round piece of wood
like the one that is used for broom handles
5.
(, ) is on a fence post using nails.

A good place to put it
Chapter 10
113
Review
A
01. intense
07. intrigue
02. pervasive
08. mediate
03. make a difference
09. observe
04. tremendous
10. decry
05. put up with
11. get rid of
06. nuisance
12. take action
A .
01.
tremendous amount of money
02.
decried the campaign
03.
get rid of the car
04. .
Sorry to be a nuisance.
05. ( ) put up with his insults

Lets take action.
06. .
A .
intense
01. The word
describes something that is very great in strength or
degree.
02. If something
you, it interests you and you want to know more
intrigues
about it.
03. If something makes a difference, it affects you and helps you in what you are doing.
04. If someone
mediates
an agreement between two groups of people, he or
she tries to settle an argument between them.

05. If you
observe
a person or thing, you watch it carefully, in order to learn
something about it.

06. If something is
114
Level 3-B
pervasive
, it is present or felt throughout a place or thing.
Passages 36~40
01. I have been to the station

off to see him
.
to see off him
02. The photos
to see him off
you are looking were taken by my sister.
which
at which
at that
03. When I entered the classroom, the lesson

had already begun
had begun already
04. The friend
with whom
whom with
in the dictionary.
looked it up
up the word looked
06. I lost the MP3 player that I

was bought
looked up it
last weekend.
had been bought
07. It is natural for a boy of his age

be interested in
have already begun
I was traveling could speak French.
whom
05. He
had bought
girls.
being interested in
to be interested in
08. The only way to find out the experiences of humanity was to read
how to write
09. He
what had been written that is written

in the distance.
who his brother looked at looked his brother at

10. Few people
looked at his brother
experienced an earthquake or witnessed a volcanic
eruption doubt that our planet is alive.

have
who have
whose have
Chapter 10
115
Level
3-B
AIM HIGH
READING
Answer Keys
Chapter 06
remission ,
acne
reservoir
adapt ,
restore ,
adolescence ,
revived
adulthood
savior
animation ,
scar
be saturated with ~
species
bluntly ,
statement
break down
subject , ,
bush ,
suburban ,
catalogue ,
suspend ,
collapse ,
topical ,
concerned
undergrowth
consequently ,
vine
crop ,
dire ,
distinct ,
21
ecological
extinct
filter out ~
fundamental
Passage
| |
geography ()
impart ,
indeterminate ,
interconnection
longitudinal ,
manifestation ,
matrix ,
metabolize
3. . /
.
4.
myriad
| |
neutralize
1. , The seeds are thus
parklands ,
being stored so that they can become ecological
particular
saviors. , The stored seeds will
perceive
be revived to help the damaged environment.(
physical education
profitable ,
.) .
puberty
rarely ~
, ?
related
1.
2. /

.

.

.

.
2. these threats
. ,
.
3. ,
.
4. cars, factories and cities

, (D)
.
| |
The purpose of a seed farm near New York City
is not to plant seeds so they will grow into
profitable crops, but to store the seeds so that
they can be used sometime in the distant future.
In order to store these seeds for an
indeterminate time, the seeds must be put into
suspended animation, a sleeplike state in which
the seeds do not age. These seeds are being
stored in the belief that they will be needed to
bring back plant species to areas in which they
have become extinct. The seeds are thus being
stored so that they can become ecological
saviors. When planted in the future, these seeds
could help restore damaged parklands and
forests. Revived plants could also protect
reservoirs of drinking water by filtering out
pollution.
The sad fact is that many plant species are
threatened by various human activities. Forested
areas with their undergrowth of bushes and wild
flowers are being cut down for suburban roads
and houses. Pollution from cars, factories and
cities is poisoning numerous other plants.
Furthermore, plant species native to one
particular area in the world are being threatened

by non-native species, which have been
introduced knowingly or unknowingly by
humans into a new place. For example, a vine
native to Asia called Oriental Bittersweet was
introduced into America knowingly by people
who admired the Oriental Bittersweets colorful
leaves and berries. But it is now threatening to
destroy a similar but not as seemingly beautiful
vine called American Bittersweet. If any of these
threats do result in the extinction of any plant
species, biologists will turn to the Seed Farm
for help in reintroducing that species.
| |

,
.
,
,
.

.
. ,
.

.

.

. ,
.
,
,
.
,

.

.

,

.
Answer Keys
| |
WRITING
The purpose of a seed farm ~ is not to plant
1. The seeds must be put into suspended
seeds ~, but to store the seeds ~.
animation, a sleeplike state in which the seeds
is to .
do not age. ( )
not ~ but ... ~

.
2. When planted in the future, these seeds could

help restore damaged parklands and forests.
a sleeplike state in which the seeds do not age /

areas in which they have become extinct
in which <+> where
.
The sad fact is that many plant species are

threatened by various human activities.
The sad fact, is, that .
( )
3. Forested areas with their undergrowth of

bushes and wild flowers are being cut down for
suburban roads and houses.
(~ )
4. But it is now threatening to destroy a similar but

not as seemingly beautiful vine called American
Bittersweet. ( )
GRAMMAR Quiz
1. .
Do come again, please.
5. Biologists will turn to the Seed Farm for help in

reintroducing that species.
(~ )
2. .
I do hope you will get better.

3. , .
22
He said he would come and he did come.
Passage
STRUCTURE
A vine native to Asia called Oriental Bittersweet
was introduced into America knowingly by
people who admired the Oriental Bittersweets
colorful leaves and berries.
A vine( ) .
native to Asia
| |
1.
2.

3.
4.
called Oriental Bittersweet
| |
< >
A vine native to Asia called Oriental
1.
Bittersweet
was
introduced
. Many
studies on teenagers tend to fail because they
() into America
take a long time.(
knowingly
() by people
() who admired the Oriental
.) .
()
, ?
1950 .
Bittersweets colorful leaves and
5 1 .
berries
2. 1990 the researchers believe

the data will show strong connections between
the teenage years and adulthood
,
.

.
3. longitudinal(), ; ()
,
.
long`-term .
4.

(D)
.
| |
It wasnt until the 1950s that people started
identifying the teenage years as a distinct stage
in life. Before the 1950s, there were only kids
and grownups and no teenagers. People didnt
think a child turning fifteen was significantly
different than one turning ten. As you grew up
you jumped from childhood into adulthood; but
not anymore. These days, the 20 percent of the
worlds population that is experiencing
adolescence is going through something distinct
and separate from childhood, and something of
great importance to adult life. The theory is quite
simple: if a persons teens are scarred by family,
health or financial problems, that person will be
handicapped by these problems in adulthood.
Likewise if a person is blessed with good health
in his or her teens, he or she will have a greater
chance of having a healthy adulthood.
Researchers are trying hard to catalogue the
through at this time in their life by conducting
longitudinal studies that collect enormous
amounts of data. One longitudinal study of 3,000
people, the Birth to Twenty Study, began in
1990 in South Africa. The subjects in this study

are now in their late teens and the researchers
believe the data will show strong connections
between teenage years and adulthood. For
example, healthy eating in teenage years is
believed to set a persons physical health in their
adulthood. These and other points, however,
cannot be proven until subjects in the study
reach adulthood. And that is still a long time off.
| |
1950
. 1950 ,
. 15 10
.
,
. ,
20%
.
. ,
,
.
,
.

,
. 3,000
the Birth to Twenty
Study 1990 .
10 ,

. , 10
.

.
.
| |
something distinct and separate from childhood,
and something of great importance to adult life
something something
.
Answer Keys
the myriad changes that young people are going
3. Researchers are trying hard to catalogue the

through
that are going through
through at this time in their life.
the myriad changes .
( )
4. The researchers believe the data will show
GRAMMAR Quiz
strong connections between teenage years and
1. 30 .
adulthood. (~ )
It was not until he was thirty that he started

to paint.
5. These and other points, however, cannot be

proven until subjects in the study reach
2. .
The traffic laws didnt take effect until the
adulthood.
( )
end of the year.

3. 1911 .
It was not until 1911 that the first of the
23
vitamins was identified.
Passage
STRUCTURE
The 20 percent of the worlds population that is
experiencing adolescence is going through
something distinct and separate from childhood,
and something of great importance to adult life.
20% 20% ?
that is experiencing adolescence

< >
The 20 percent of the worlds

population that is experiencing
adolescence
is going through
something distinct and separate
from childhood
something of great importance to

adult life
| |
1. /
2.
3.
4.
| |
1. but rarely do teachers explain to their students
how the subjects are related to one another
, Teachers rarely teach students how
things are interconnected.(

.) . The ancient scholars
discovered that there was one subject that
connects to all the others: Math!
WRITING
1. They are going through something distinct and
separate from childhood, and something of
great importance to adult life.
( ~ )
2. He or she will have a greater chance of having a

healthy adulthood.
(~ )
The ancient scholars thought numbers could be

the connection of the all subjects.(
.)
.
? (2)

.

.
2.
to prove that Math was thought to be the key to
everything(
).
?

3. the knowledge that .

the knowledge numbers are not simple
facts but the basis of all life . ,

.
4. .

. Without
numbers, there would be no life.( ,
.) .
.
.


matrix, have always been part of basic
knowledge ever since old civilizations. The
ancient scholars discovered that there was one
subject that connects to all the others: Math!
Ancient scholars saw numbers in everything.
Pythagoras is famous for stating bluntly that
Everything contains numbers. Augustinus took
Pythagoras statement a step further, uttering a
dire warning about the necessity of using
numbers in daily life: Without numbers
everything would collapse. And Novalis
believed so strongly in the importance of
mathematics that he related it to religion: Life of
Gods is mathematics. Pure mathematics is
religion.
These ancient scholars were concerned about
the quality not the quantity of numbers. They
realized that numbers could tell us about
creation, growth and life itself. They tried to
impart the knowledge that numbers are not
simple facts but the basis of all life. Without
numbers, there would be no life.
| |
| |
Students study a lot of subjects at school, but
rarely do teachers explain to their students how
the subjects are related to one another. The
biology teacher doesnt explain clearly how his
subject can be connected to geography; and
neither does the physical education teacher
explain how his subject is related to biology. In
fact, there are huge interconnections among
almost all subjects; we just arent being taught
what they are. In the last decades, however, this
term connection has become a big topic all
over the world.
,
. ,
.
.

.

.
,
. .
.

Answer Keys
.
,
< >
The facts that the different ~, and
that everything ~ in a secret matrix

have always been
part of basic knowledge
,
. .
.
. .
() ever since old civilizations

. , ,
WRITING
1. Rarely do teachers explain to their students how
the subjects are related to one another.
. , .
( )
| |
rarely do teachers explain to their students how
the subjects are related to one another / neither
does the physical education teacher explain how
his subject is related to biology
(rarely, neither)
(teachers, the physical education teacher)
(do, does) .
GRAMMAR Quiz
1. I know the very person that will do the job
2. Neither does the physical education teacher

explain how his subject is related to biology.
( ~ )
3. Novalis believed so strongly in the importance

of mathematics that he related it to religion.
(~ )
4. They tried to impart the knowledge that

numbers are not simple facts but the basis of all
life. ( )
5. Without numbers, there would be no life.
( )
quickly. that
2. There was no hope that she would recover her
health. that
24
3. Edwin Hubble discovered that the universe is

getting bigger. that
STRUCTURE
matrix, have always been part of basic
knowledge ever since old civilizations.
The fact .
the different manifestations of our reality are

connected
everything we perceive on earth is tied
together in a secret matrix
Passage
| |
1.
2. . / .
3. Coenzyme A
.
4.
| |
1. Coenzyme A
, Coenzyme A ,
,
Acne is mainly caused when the body lacks
Coenzyme A.( Coenzyme A
.) .
?
Coenzyme A .

.
Coenzyme A
.
Coenzyme A
.
2. Coenzyme A, which is used to neutralize skin oil

below the surface of the skin Coenzyme A is
needed to make testosterone and estrogen, the
sex hormones Coenzyme A
. , ,
.
3. Research has shown that this diet

related treatment is the only way to get 100%
remission of one
s acne.
Coenzyme A
.
4. ,

topical system
. topical system a
medicine that you apply to a localized part(
) .

the food we eat. If we dont eat food which

supplies this chemical then, our bodies will not
be able to break down the skin oil that causes
acne.
But the process of breaking down skin oil before
turning into acne is further complicated by the
fact that Coenzyme A is needed to make
testosterone and estrogen, the sex hormones.
When there is very little Coenzyme A in the body,
it has to choose what to use it for. And since sex
hormones are far more important for the survival
of the species, the body reduces the amount of
Coenzyme A available for metabolizing skin oil,
the skin becomes saturated with oil, and you get
acne.
This imbalance usually starts in puberty and can
continue for decades. Most of this occurs below
the surface of the skin, so no topical system
such as pads or creams can address this
fundamental problem. The key to fighting acne is
to supply our body with the right foods so that it
has enough of the chemical supplied through
food which it uses to make Coenzyme A.
Research has shown that this diet related
treatment is the only way to get 100% remission
of ones acne.
| |
| |
The main cause of acne is actually the failure of

the body to break down skin oil before it
reaches the surface of the skin. Why we get it,
and consequently, how we can cure it are now
Our body makes a chemical called Coenzyme A,

which is used to neutralize skin oil below the
surface of the skin. Two of the three chemicals
which make up Coenzyme A are produced by
the body on its own, but the third chemical
which makes up Coenzyme A must come from
Coenzyme A
,
. Coenzyme A
, Coenzyme
. ,

.

Coenzyme A ( )
Answer Keys
( )
process ?
. Coenzyme A
breaking down skin oil before turning into
, .
acne
Coenzyme A
by the fact that ~ hormones
, ,
.

.
,
.
Coenzyme A

. ,
100% .
the fact that ?

< >
The process of breaking down
()
skin oil
before turning into acne
is
()
( that) that Coenzyme A is needed to
make ~ hormones
| |
Why we get it, and consequently, how we can
cure it are now well-understood processes.
(Why we get it, how we can cure it)
. are .
Our body makes a chemical called Coenzyme A,

which is used to neutralize skin oil below the
surface of the skin
which
a chemical called Coenzyme A
further complicated
by the fact
WRITING
1. Why we get it, and consequently, how we can
cure it are now well-understood processes.
( )
2. Our body makes a chemical called Coenzyme

A, which is used to neutralize skin oil below the
surface of the skin. (~ )
3. When there is very little Coenzyme A in the
, <be used+to>~
body, it has to choose what to use it for.
( )
4. The key to fighting acne is to supply our body
GRAMMAR Quiz
1. 1920 .
They live in a house which was built in 1920.

2. .
Those who want to go to college should

study hard.
STRUCTURE
The process of breaking down skin oil before
turning into acne is further complicated by the
fact that Coenzyme A is needed to make
testosterone and estrogen, the sex hormones.
10
with the right foods so that it has enough of the

chemical. ( ~ )
5. Research has shown that this diet related
treatment is the only way to get 100% remission
of ones acne. (~ )
Review
|A|
01.
02. ,
03. ~
04.
05.
06. ~
07. ,
08.
09. , , (cf. quantity , )
10.
11. ,
12. ,
|B|
01. experience adolescence
02. filter out pollution
03. the main cause of acne
04. the quality of numbers
05. be used to neutralize
06. suburban roads and houses
|C|
01. neutralizing
02. Biology
03. extinct
04. suspend
05. scars
06. impart
|D|
01.
02.
03.
04.
05.
06.
07.
08.
09.
10.
Answer Keys
11
Chapter 07
pollutant
abstract
pristine ,
adopt
question
algae-filled
ravage ,
artifact ,
repel ,
back up ,
resemble
blob
reside ,
bulk ,
reveal ,
carve ,
scholar
choke
self-esteem
civilization
smelly
climactic
stable
commitment ,
statistics ()
comprehensively
stench
concrete , ,
sufficient
concur ,
sulfur dioxide
condensation ,
suspension ,
discipline ,
tackle ( )
emit ,
take place ,
evaporate
eventually
for instance
vapor
formation
variable
gravel ,
weather-beaten
halt ,
whopping ,
incidence ()
without a doubt
infest ,
initial ,
linguist
marked ,
measurement ()
mineral ,
myriad ,
no-go zone
orbit
overwhelm
participate in ~
pit
12
25
Passage
| |
1.
2. :
:
:

3.
4.
| |
1. Scholars assume its
age from signs of having been out in the
weather.(
.) .
.
. olmec
.
.
, ?

.
.

.
Cascajal block
.
2. Cascajal block Olmec

,
| |
A stone block, Cascajal block, with letters and
symbols carved into it, is believed to be the
oldest known piece of writing in the New World.
The block was found in a gravel mine in Mexico.
It is believed to have been carved by people
living in Mexico and Central America before
Columbus discovered the New World. These
people, called the Olmecs, lived in the oldest
known civilization in that part of the world.
The block itself looks extremely weather-beaten
as if it had gone through the ravages of years
and years of rain. The rain has created pits in the
blocks and minerals have formed in some of the
symbols and signs. But this piece of evidence
has been backed up with more concrete
chemical testings, which have proven without a
doubt that the block is about 3,000 years old.
Scholars are studying the block, but no one
really knows what it says. Linguists think the
carvings on this block are part of a written
language, even though very different symbols
are used. The block holds a total of 62 symbols,
some of which resemble plants such as corn, or
animals such as insects and fish. Many of the
symbols are more abstract boxes or blobs.
Scholars have also noted that some of the
symbols and signs seem like other images found
on artifacts from the Olmec civilization. Also of
note is that the writing on the blocks seems to
be composed of several sentences. Essentially
the discovery of the block means that their
society had progressed to the point whereby
they were keeping records.
3. Essentially the discovery of the block
| |
means that their society had progressed to the
Cascajal block
point whereby they were keeping records. ,
Cascajal block Olmec
. .
. Olmecs

4. concrete, ,
. definite.
Answer Keys
13

.
,
.
, 3,000
.
,
.
,
. 62
,
.
.
STRUCTURE
This piece of evidence has been backed up with
more concrete chemical testings, which have
proven without a doubt that the block is about
3,000 years old.
.
without a doubt
which
.
:
and they(more concrete chemical testings)

< >
This piece of evidence

has been backed up
Olmec
() with more concrete chemical
testings
()
which have proven without a doubt
that the block is about 3,000 years
old
| |
It is believed to have been carved by people
WRITING
living in Mexico and Central America
1. The Cascajal block is believed to be the oldest
known piece of writing in the New World.
(~ )
Also of note is that the writing on the blocks
2. It is believed to have been carved by people
seems to be composed of several sentences.
living in Mexico and Central America.
<(of note)+(is)+
(~ )
that> .
3. The block itself looks extremely weather-beaten

as if it had gone through the ravages of years
GRAMMAR Quiz
1. Will you join with me for a party?
Will you join me for a party?

2. She wanted to marry with a rich man.
She wanted to marry a rich man.

3. She discussed about her plans with her mother.
She discussed her plans with her mother.
14
and years of rain. ( ~ )

4. More concrete chemical testings have proven
without a doubt that the block is about 3,000
years old. ( )
5. Also of note is that the writing on the blocks
seems to be composed of several sentences.
(~ )
26
Passage
| |
1.
2. 15% /
50% /
54%
3. , ,
.
4.
| |
1.
, .
(a) (b) Moreover (a) First of
all, (b) As a result .
2. SBMH 15%
, 50%
, 54%
.
3. These
statistics clearly showed that the studentsself`esteem as well as their attitudes towards their
teachers, their school and their school work had
significantly improved. . ,
, ,
.
4. Most youth self`-reported significantly improved

commitment to school ,
.
, The kids reported to school that the program
should improve more.(
.) .
, ?
SBMH .

.
| |
Overwhelmed by problems and lacking sufficient
resources, evidence-based practices have
recently increased in popularity as a way to use
available resources as efficiently as possible. A
school is one governmental institution which has
these characteristics. Schools have a myriad of
problems and often lack sufficient resources to
tackle all of their problems. However, as
evidence shows that school-based mental
health (SBMH) services are effective at helping
troubled teenagers feel better about themselves
and do better at school, more and more schools
are adopting mental health programs.
There is strong evidence that SBMH services
work. After one year in an initial test program,
the troubled students who participated in it
showed marked improvements in their behavior
at school and in their school work. First of all,
these students improved school attendance
records by 15%. Moreover, incidences in which
the schools had to discipline these kids
decreased by 50% as did incidences of these
youths using violence at school. As a result,
suspensions of these former troubled kids by
the school decreased by a whopping 54%.
These statistics clearly showed that the
students self-esteem as well as their attitudes
towards their teachers, their school and their
school work had significantly improved. Most
youth self-reported significantly improved
commitment to school and the parents of these
children concurred. Their childrens mental
health and school work were both much better.
With the reporting of the results of the initial
study, more and more schools have been
adopting SBMH service programs. The evidence
from these other programs backs up the
conclusions made from the initial study.

.
.
Answer Keys
15
| |
GRAMMAR Quiz
1. How long have you been looking for a job?
2. He was tired because he had been working
.
.

. (SBMH)
, 10
since dawn.
3. I recognized him at once since I had seen him
before.
4. I had left my purse on the train, so I had to walk
home.

,
.
STRUCTURE
The students self-esteem as well as their
SBMH .
attitudes towards their teachers, their school and
their school work had significantly improved.

.
15% .
,
50% .
54%
towards their teachers, their school and their

school work
< >
The students self-esteem as well as
their attitudes ~ school work

had significantly improved
. ,

.
.
WRITING
1. Evidence-based practices have recently
, SBMH
increased in popularity as a way to use available
resources as efficiently as possible.
( )
2. Schools have a myriad of problems and often
| |
A school is one governmental institution which
has these characteristics. / the troubled
students who participated in it showed marked
lack sufficient resources to tackle all of their

problems. ( )
3. SBMH services are effective at helping troubled
teenagers feel better about themselves and do
improvements
better at school.
which who .
( ~ )
at helping troubled teenagers feel better about
4. The troubled students who participated in it
themselves and do better at school
showed marked improvements in their behavior
at helping , helping
at school and in their school work.
troubled teenagers, feel do
( )
and . help to
.
5. Moreover, incidences in which the schools had

to discipline these kids decreased by 50% as
did incidences of these youths using violence
at school. (~ )
16
27
Passage
| |
1. /
2.
.
3.

4.
| |
1. In short, water vapor will not turn into clouds, mist
or fog without aerosols. It was found that
aerosols allow water vapor to condense into
clouds.(
.) . It
was a simple concept ~. This idea was accepted
as a basic truth which we never questioned ~.
Many people thought it was a just
simple process without any doubts.(
.)
.
? (2)
.

.

.

.
s oceans
2. Since the atmosphere above the world
is more stable than that above most cities
. ,
.

3.ship tracks
which are clouds created by the
aerosols emitted by tankers and other large ships
. , ship tracks

.
4. This
,

.
, (D)
.
| |
Many of us have been taught that when water is
heated, it evaporates into the air, rising up into
the sky and eventually forming clouds. It was a
simple concept involving just water, the Sun,
and the sky. This idea was accepted as a basic
truth which we never questioned, as we never
doubt whether the Earth orbits around the Sun
or not. But as it turns out, weve all been misled.
The whole process of cloud formation depends
on the presence of aerosols, microscopic
particles, which are needed for the process of
condensation to take place in the atmosphere.
In short, water vapor will not turn into clouds,
mist or fog without aerosols.
It is hard to test theories of cloud formation
controlled. For instance, there are different
pollutants in the atmosphere above different
urban areas. Since the atmosphere above the
worlds oceans is more stable than that above
most cities, scientists have been testing theories
of cloud formation by studying ship tracks,
which are clouds created by the aerosols
emitted by tankers and other large ships.
Research has revealed that the sulfur dioxide
creates sulfate aerosol particles in the
atmosphere, which cause clouds to reflect more
sunlight and carry a greater amount of water.
This is proof that humans have been creating and
modifying clouds for generations through the
burning of fossil fuels. The study will move on
towards explaining some of the climactic
mysteries, such as why the Southern Hemisphere
is being affected by global warming much more
quickly than the Northern Hemisphere.
Answer Keys
17
| |
2. ,
The teacher met his old student, who didn't
, , .
recognize him at first.
STRUCTURE
, .
The sulfur dioxide emitted from the smokestacks
of these ships creates sulfate aerosol particles in
the atmosphere, which cause clouds to reflect
. ,
more sunlight and carry a greater amount of
water.
the sulfur dioxide ?
. ,
which ?
, ship tracks

,
. ,

,

.

.

.
< >
The sulfur dioxide emitted from the
smokestacks of these ships

creates
sulfate aerosol particles in the
atmosphere
() which cause clouds ~ of water
WRITING
1. This idea was accepted as a basic truth which
| |
the atmosphere above the worlds oceans is
more stable than that above most cities
. the
we never questioned, as we never doubt

whether the Earth orbits around the Sun or not.
( )
2. In short, water vapor will not turn into clouds,
atmosphere above the world

s oceans the
mist or fog without aerosols.
atmosphere above most cities ,
(~ )
the atmosphere that .
3. It is hard to test theories of cloud formation

GRAMMAR Quiz
1. ,
controlled. (~ )
4. The atmosphere above the worlds oceans is
more stable than that above most cities.
She wrote her father a long letter, which he
(~ )
sent back unopened.
5. Sulfate aerosol particles in the atmosphere

cause clouds to reflect more sunlight and carry
a greater amount of water.
( )
18
. , the Upper Midwest
28
Passage
| |
1.
2.
3.
4.
| |
. /
.
| |
1.
Upper Midwest .
Many of the lakes in the Upper
Midwest have been badly contaminated.(Upper
Midwest .)
.
?

.

.
Upper Midwest
.

.
2.
, The situation, however, has recently
improved a lot.(
.) .
Upper Midwest .
, .
.
.

3. myriad, ; 1;
. many .

4. Not only do they provide an outlet for recreation
The fish tank hasnt been cleaned in months; its

a smelly, algae-filled tank that is choking the life
out of the few remaining fish. When you finally
have the time to clean it, you lift open the top
and the stench repels you. So you want to leave
the job for another time and go do something
else. The stench of a polluted, algae-filled lake is
not different. No one wants to live or play near
one. Everyone wants a clean, crystal-clear lake
to reside by or swim in.
In the Upper Midwest, lakes are so important to
peoples livelihoods that they want to halt the
process of lakes becoming algae-infested no-go
zones before its too late. Not only do they
provide an outlet for recreation and an ideal
setting to connect with nature, but they also
draw in the bulk of the tourist trade. No one
wants to see the pristine lake they fish on or
swim in become polluted. But its not easy to
monitor water quality, for example, in the Upper
Great Lakes region of Michigan State where
there are over 30,000 lakes and, where, until
recently, all measurements were done by hand.
Testing 30,000 lakes by hand is quite simply an
impossible job.
The situation, however, has recently improved a
lot. Scientists have started using satellite
imagery to solve the problem of being unable to
visit every lake. They have found that satellite
imagery is a good tool to monitor certain types
of pollution and levels of algae in the water.
While hand-testing might more comprehensively
reveal myriad types of pollutants, satellite
imagery does have the benefit of having every
lake included in the pollution report.
and an ideal setting to connect with nature, but

they also draw in the bulk of the tourist trade.
Answer Keys
19
| |
satellite imagery does have the benefit of having
every lake included in the pollution report
does have do do.
. ,
.
GRAMMAR Quiz
1. .
.
.
.
There is little chance of the plane being late.

2. .
My boss doesnt mind my being late for
Upper Midwest,

.
work.
3. .
He dislikes his secretary making private
calls.
, .

.
, , Upper Great Lakes
3 , ,
. 3
.
.
Scientists have started using satellite imagery to

solve the problem of being unable to visit every
lake.
?
to solve the problem of ~ every lake
(unable) ?
to visit every lake
< >
()
| |
Not only do they provide an outlet for recreation
Scientists
have started
using satellite imagery
to solve ~ every lake
WRITING
1. Everyone wants a clean, crystal-clear lake to
reside by or swim in.
( )
<not only ~, but also ...> Not only

(they) (do)
.
No one wants to see the pristine lake (that) they

fish on or swim in become polluted.
lake they fish on or swim in
that .
see the pristine lake [(that) they fish on
or swim in], become
.
20
STRUCTURE
2. Lakes are so important to peoples livelihoods

that they want to halt the process of lakes
becoming algae-infested no-go zones.
( )
3. Not only do they provide an outlet for recreation

( ~ )
4. Until recently, all measurements were done by

hand. ( )
5. Satellite imagery does have the benefit of
having every lake included in the pollution
report. (~ )
Review
|A|
01.
02.
03. ,
04.
05.
06. ,
07. ~
08.
09. ,
10.
11. ()
12.
|C|
01. disciplined
02. Statistics
03. stable
04. abstract
05. chokes
06. halts
|D|
01.
02.
03.
04.
05.
06.
07.
08.
09.
10.
|B|
01. the whole process of cloud formation
02. the pollutant emitted from cars
03. control some variables
04. the troubled students who participated in the
test
05. a clean and clear lake to reside by

06. The water evaporates into the air.
Answer Keys
21
Chapter 08
inquisitive
amino acid
intriguing
asteroid
invader
be composed of ~
larva (pl. larvae)
be prone to -ing ~
lay () , (~)
bound ~
lifespan
breath-taking
mimic ,
by instinct
mimicry ,
cap off
nectar
carbohydrate
Neptune
celestial ,
novice ,
challenging ,
order , , ,
combine
orientation
comet
overall
connection ,
participate
consistently ,
pelagic ,
deadly ,
pollen
defend ,
pouch
distinguish A from B A B
protein
drift ,
protrusion ,
drone
Saturn
dwarf
saw , ()
enhance ,
shark
evaporate
shattered ,
experienced ,
speck ,
expert
sponge
explore
sterile
exquisite ,
stimulus (pl. stimuli)
eye-catching
stinger ,
frequency
stunning ,
grain
tempestuous
helium
terrestrial
hemisphere ()
venom
hive
vibration
honeycomb
immense
in particular
ingest
22
29
Passage
| |
1.
2. right hemisphere:
4. .

.

. ()
| |
left hemisphere:
By instinct babies try to mimic adults behaviors.

One form of mimicry that can be used as a
teaching and developmental tool by parents is
sign language. Child development experts are
recommending that parents teach their babies
how to sign so that they can communicate with
their babies even before those babies can
speak. Not only is signing thought to be a useful
step in the direction toward full oral
communication, the process of signing itself can
also help develop and improve the overall
capabilities of the brains of babies.
3.
4.

| |
1. Learning sign language helps
babies
s brian development as they grow.(

.) .
The process of learning sign language
enhances the development of the baby
s brain.
.
Sign language

.
?

.

.

.
,
.
2. ,
,
.
3.
,
(D) .
these connections
.
The process of learning sign language enhances

the development of the babys brain. In the
process of learning speech, information such as
words is stored in the brains left hemisphere. In
the process of learning sign language, a baby
must first recognize visual stimuli which are
processed by the right hemisphere, then transfer
the knowledge or information about that sign to
the left hemisphere of the brain for storage and
later reference. Therefore, the process of signing
helps develop the capacity of a babys brain
since the connections between the left and right
hemispheres of a babys brain are being
developed by this process.
The stronger and larger these connections are
made when they are little, the better they will be
able to process information between the two
hemispheres as they grow. Recent studies have
proven that babies who have learned sign
language have more well-developed language
skills. The sign-trained children already have the
ability to remember words visually in conjunction
with their real meaning, so they are less prone to
Answer Keys
23
forgetting the meaning of words when they start

to learn to read.
| |
.

.

GRAMMAR Quiz
1. .
The doctor suggested that I (should) go on a

diet.
2. .
His words suggested that she leave now.

STRUCTURE
A baby must first recognize visual stimuli which
are processed by the right hemisphere, then
transfer the knowledge or information about that
sign to the left hemisphere of the brain for
storage and later reference.
. ,
visual stimuli ?
. ,
which are processed by the right hemisphere
transfer , ?
: the knowledge or information about
that sign

,
.
: to the left hemisphere of the brain

< >
A baby
must first recognize
visual stimuli which are processed

by the right hemisphere
then+ then transfer
the knowledge or information
about that sign

() for storage and later reference
()
| |
Not only is signing thought to be a useful step
WRITING
Not only
1. By instinct babies try to mimic adults behaviors.
(signing) (is) .
The stronger and larger these connections are
(~ )
2. Not only is signing thought to be a useful step,
made ~, the better they will be able to process
the process of signing itself can also help
information ~.
develop and improve the capabilities of the
<the+ ..., the+ ...> ~
brains. ( ~ )
3. The stronger and larger these connections are

made, the better they will be able to process
information between the two hemispheres.
( ~ )
24
4. The sign-trained children already have the

ability to remember words visually in
conjunction with their real meaning.
( )
5. They are less prone to forgetting the meaning of

words. ( )
30
Passage
| |
1.
2. : 80%
: 0.2%
: 20%
3. /
4.
| |
1. The drone ~ has a lifespan of around 24 days
, The drone dies immediately after
mating with the queen.(
.) .
?
.
.
.
.
2. Nectar is up to 80% sugar but
| |
Between 20,000 and 60,000 bees live in a single
hive. The queen bees main activity is laying
eggs, approximately 1,500 eggs a day and it
lives for up to 2 years. The drone is the bee
whose only job is to mate with her and has a
lifespan of around 24 days they have no
stinger. And the worker bees, all sterile females,
usually work to death, collecting pollen and
nectar within 40 days in summer. Worker bees
fly up to 14 km (9 miles) to find pollen and
nectar, flying at 24 km/h (15 mph).
Pollen is the main source of protein and vitamins
for bees, with the 10 amino acids they require.
Nectar is up to 80% sugar but less than 0.2% in
protein, so nectar is the carbohydrate supply for
the hive. Bees place the nectar in honeycomb
cells and then evaporate the water from the
nectar by rapid wing movement. When the
amount of water comes down to 20%, this is
called honey and the bees cap off the cells. A
mixture of honey and pollen is called bee
bread and is the food for larvae and bees.
A worker bee communicates her floral findings
by performing a dance on the honeycomb. The
orientation of her wing movements and the
frequency of her vibrations indicate the direction
and distance of the flowers. The worker bees
defend the hive. The strong stinger quickly saws
into the skin of the invader and the venom
pouch begins to contract rhythmically to pump
venom into the intruder.
less than 0.2% in protein, 20%

,
80%, 0.2%, 20%.
3. The orientation of her wing movements and the

frequency of her vibrations indicate the direction
and distance of the flowers. ,
,
.
constrict.

2 6 .
, 1,500
, 2 .
, 24
. , ,
40
,
4. contract,

| |
.
24km 14km .
Answer Keys
25
10
< >
The worker bees, all sterile females,

usually work
. 80%
0.2% ,
. ()
() to death
. 20%
()
, ,
() within 40 days in summer
. bee bread

.
WRITING
1. The queen bees main activity is laying eggs,
approximately 1,500 eggs a day.
. .
( )
| |
The drone is the bee whose only job is to mate
with her
whose
. ex. He has a
sister whose name is Mary.
with the 10 amino acids (that) they require

acids they that
.
GRAMMAR Quiz
1. .
She enjoys surfing the Internet.

2. .
I decided to study hard from now on.

3. ?
Would you mind turning the radio down?

STRUCTURE
The worker bees, all sterile females, usually work
to death, collecting pollen and nectar within 40
days in summer.
The worker bees ?
all sterile females

?
26
2. The drone is the bee whose only job is to mate

with her. ( )
3. The worker bees, all sterile females, usually
work to death, collecting pollen and nectar.
( )
4. When the amount of water comes down to

20%, this is called honey. (~ )
5. The strong stinger quickly saws into the skin of
the invader and the venom pouch begins to
contract rhythmically to pump venom into the
intruder. ( )
31
Passage
| |
1.
2. those with no experience
3.
4.
| |
1. There are various scuba diving lessons for less
or non experienced people.(
.)
.
?

.

.

.

.
.
2. novice,
those with no experience.
3. , huge rocks that came from

the deep sea( )
.
Laurel Island
?

4. brightly colored yellow and orange coral polyps
| |
Boracay, an island 315 km south of Manila, has
consistently been rated as having the best
scuba diving sites in the world. Not only can
experienced divers find challenging and breathtaking dive sites to test themselves, but there
are also numerous easier sites for those with no
experience or for those who wish to snorkel
rather than scuba dive.
Experienced divers, who wish to explore toprated dive sites, can visit such areas as the
Sibuyan Sea, Tablas, Romblon, Semirara and
Laurel Island. In particular Laurel Island has
strong undercurrents surrounding it, making it
dangerous for novice divers but challenging for
experienced divers. What happens near Laurel
Island is that the strong undercurrents allow
skilled divers to participate in what is known as
drift diving, drifting along with the fast-moving
undercurrent. Also near Laurel Island, divers are
likely to see brightly colored yellow and orange
coral polyps opening up fully so that they can
ingest plankton passing by in the fast moving
water. In addition to coral, divers can see huge
sponges in many colors as well as numerous
other pelagic fish such as sharks and
barracudas.
Boracay itself has excellent dive sites which
offer challenges to divers with less experience.
One great site for divers to explore is Fridays
Rock, a great protrusion of rocks from under the
sea. It is home to brilliantly colored coral of the
hard and soft variety. Other fish you are bound
to see are darting butterfly fish, inquisitive
wrasses, fast-moving damsels, playful blue
tangs, and deadly stingrays.
opening up fully so that they can ingest planktons

passing by in the fast moving water
| |
. so that .
315km ,
, Laurel Island
Answer Keys
27
STRUCTURE
What happens near Laurel Island is that the
strong undercurrents allow skilled divers to
Sibuyan Sea, Tablas, Romblon, Semirara Laurel
participate in what is known as drift diving.
Island . Laurel Island

,
, . Laurel
Island

.
Laurel Island ,

.
,
skilled divers
?

:
< >
What happens near Laurel Island

is
that the strong undercurrents ~ as drift
diving
WRITING
1. There are also numerous easier sites for those
with no experience or for those who wish to
Friday
s Rock.
snorkel rather than scuba dive.
( )
, , ,
.
2. In particular Laurel Island has strong

undercurrents surrounding it, making it
dangerous for novice divers but challenging for
| |
Not only can experienced divers find challenging
and breath-taking dive sites to test themselves
Not only can
experienced divers .
experienced divers.
( )
3. What happens near Laurel Island is that the

strong undercurrents allow skilled divers to
participate in what is known as drift diving.
( )
GRAMMAR Quiz
1. .
It is necessary for us to recycle waste.

2. .
It was careless of you to lose your cell phone

again.
3. .
It is hard for a rich man to enter the kingdom

of heaven.
28
4. Divers can see huge sponges in many colors as

well as numerous other pelagic fish such as
sharks and barracudas. (~ )
5. Other fish you are bound to see are darting
butterfly fish, inquisitive wrasses, and deadly
stingrays. ( )
32
Passage
| |
1.
2. inner planets:
outer planets:
3.
4. /
| |
1.
. It is the biggest among the
planets in the Solar System. .
?
.
.
.
.
2. the planets can be divided into four terrestrial or

rocky inner planets including Earth and four gas
giant outer planets inner planets
, outer planets
.
3.
.
, It is
composed of grains of salt, ice and rock.(
, .) .
?
.
.
.
.
4. These hyper-speed winds, combined

with heat rising from within the planet
s interior,
cause the yellow and gold bands visible in its
| |
The Solar System consists of the Sun and the
other celestial objects: the eight planets, the
hundreds of moons, three dwarf planets
including Pluto, and millions of small bodies. In
order of their distance from the Sun, the planets
are Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn,
Uranus, and Neptune.
In broad terms, the planets can be divided into
four terrestrial or rocky inner planets including
Earth and four gas giant outer planets. And, with
its stunning rings and dozens of moons, Saturn
is the most intriguing among outer planets.
Saturn is similar to Jupiter, Uranus and Neptune
since, like those outer planets, it is composed of
two gases: helium and hydrogen. On the other
hand, it is unlike those planets because of its
fascinating and eye-catching rings. Saturns
exquisite rings without a doubt are what
distinguish it from all the other planets in the
Solar System.
Saturn has the most wide-ranging ring system in
our Solar System, stretching out hundreds of
thousands of miles from the planet. The rings
are composed of billions of small specks, which
are no bigger than a grain of salt, and billions of
huge pieces, which can be as big as a house, of
ice and rock orbiting Saturn at different speeds.
The rocks come from shattered moons, comets
and asteroids. Each tiny or immense piece of ice
or rock making up a ring, orbits the planet on its
own path.
The giant planet has a tempestuous atmosphere
with winds which can reach speeds of up to
1,800 km an hour. These hyper-speed winds,
combined with heat rising from within the
planets interior, cause the yellow and gold
bands visible in its atmosphere.
atmosphere.
.
Answer Keys
29
| |
GRAMMAR Quiz
1. All that I know is that I know nothing.
, ,
2. He always does what he believes is right.
, .
3. What is learned in the cradle is carried to the
, , , , , ,
grave.
, , .
,
STRUCTURE
The planets can be divided into four terrestrial or
. ,
rocky inner planets and four gas giant outer
planets.

, ,
. ,
.

.
,
.

inner planets .
four / terrestrial or rocky / (including Earth)

outer planets .
four / gas giant

< >
The planets
can be
divided
() into ~ outer planets
. ,
, .
WRITING
1. In order of their distance from the Sun, the
planets are Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars,
1,800km
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune.
(~ )
2. Saturns exquisite rings without a doubt are

what distinguish it from all the other planets in
the Solar System. ( )
| |
3. The rings are composed of billions of small
Saturn has the most wide-ranging ring system in
specks, which are no bigger than a grain of salt,
our Solar System, stretching out hundreds of
and billions of huge pieces, which can be as big
thousands of miles from the planet.
as a house. ( ~ )
stretching .
4. Each tiny or immense piece of ice or rock
These hyper-speed winds, combined with heat
making up a ring, orbits the planet on its own
rising from within the planets interior, cause the
path. ( ())
yellow and gold bands visible in its atmosphere.

combined with ~ the planet
s interior
, .
5. These hyper-speed winds, combined with heat

rising from within the planets interior, cause the
yellow and gold bands visible in its atmosphere.
( )
30
Review
|A|
01. ~
02. A B
03.
04. ,
05. ,
06.
07.
08.
09.
10. ,
11. , ( expert )
12.
|B|
01. be dangerous for a novice
02. be less prone to forgetting
03. mimic ones behavior
04. the frequency of pulse
05. explore the Antarctic Continent
06. distinguish Saturn from all the other planets
|C|
01. sterile
02. immense
03. ingest
04. inquisitive
05. exquisite
06. intriguing
|D|
01.
02.
03.
04.
05.
06.
07.
08.
09.
10.
Answer Keys
31
Chapter 09
scatter
aid ( )
smirk
appliance ,
split ,
archeological
squabble
archeologist
subconscious
around the corner
subtract ,
be supposed to ~
value ,
carve ,
worn-out ,
complicate
confusion
date back
dedicated
distraction
extensively
fallout ,
33
Passage
| |
festering
gene
genius
get rid of ~
hallway
heal
ill-will
imply ,
inevitable ,
4. their backgrounds / their instincts / knowing

how to calculate
instinct ,
| |
intensify ~
1. to see if more distractions than in
internal ,
the first study could affect the result ,
meditation
orderly ,
. All the kindergartners have
originate ,
gotten the same math problems in the test.(
potentially ,
.) .
prehistoric
property ,
psychologist
purpose ,
quartz
resist ,
result in ~
ritual ,
32
1.
2.
3. :
2.

.
to emphasize that the kindergartners didn
t just
guess the answer(
) .
?

3.
, ,

.
4.
a bag with the number 21 printed on it. The

screen read, She has 21 candies. Then the
picture of the girl changed. Above her was a bag
with the number 30 on it. The screen read, She
gets 30 more candies. Above the picture of the
boy was a bag marked 34. The screen read, He
has 34 candies. Now, kids were asked Who
has more? Nearly three-quarters of
kindergartners got the answer right. If the kids
had just guessed who had more candies, only
half of them would have been correct.
For the second experiment, the scientists tested
37 kindergartners from poor and middle-class
families. The kids had to answer questions in a
hallway outside their school classroom, where it
was very noisy, to see if more distractions than
in the first study could affect the result. Still,
more than 75% of these kids got the answers
right.
,
. , .
| |
Regardless of their backgrounds, kids can use
their instincts to estimate values without knowing
how to calculate.
( ,
.)
, .

| |
Its probably too much to say that kids are

natural math geniuses. But researchers feel that
it is safe to say that kids can solve some math
problems even without knowing how to add or
subtract. By using their instincts to estimate
values, kids can avoid the confusion of exact
calculations. Some psychologists recently
tested kids from a variety of backgrounds to
make sure that wealth or level of education
didnt affect the results.
In the first study, 20 of 5 to 6-year-olds from

wealthy, well-educated families sat in front of
computers that showed a split computer screen
which displayed a boys face on one side and a
girls face on the other. Above the girls face was
34 .

, 5~6
20

. 21
. 21
.
. .
30
. 30 .

. 34 .
. , ?
. 4 3
.
, .
Answer Keys
33
,
37 .
, ,

. ,
75% .
| |
But researchers feel that it is safe to say that
kids can solve some math problems
feel that that feel that .
that it , to say
. say that .
Above her was a bag with the number 30 on it. /

Above the picture of the boy was a bag marked
STRUCTURE
20 of 5 to 6-year-olds from wealthy, well-educated
families sat in front of computers that showed a
split computer screen which displayed a boys
face on one side and a girls face on the other.
20 ?
5 to 6-year-olds from wealthy, well-educated

families
: 5~6 20
computers ?
showed a split computer screen

screen ?
displayed a boys face on one side and a

girls face on the other
< >
34.
<++> .
The kids had to answer questions in a hallway to

~ see if more distractions than in the first study
could affect the result.
to see to
. see
. if~ ()
.
20 of 5 to 6-year-olds from wealthy,
well-educated families
sat
() in front of computers
() that showed a split computer
screen
() which displayed a boys face on
one side and a girls face on the

other
GRAMMAR Quiz
1.
.
If we had got up earlier, we could have

caught the plane.
2.
.
He would have been seriously injured if he

hadnt been wearing a seat belt.
3. ,
.
If Cleopatras nose had been shorter, the

whole face of the earth would have changed.
WRITING
1. Its probably too much to say that kids are
natural math geniuses.
(~ )
2. But researchers feel that it is safe to say that

kids can solve some math problems even
without knowing how to add or subtract.
( )
3. Above the girls face was a bag with the number

21 printed on it. ( )
4. The screen read, She gets 30 more candies.
( )
5. The kids had to answer questions in a hallway

to see if more distractions than in the first study
could affect the result.
(~ )
34
34
Passage
| |
1.
2. , / /

3.
4.
| |
1.
, ancient
proofs of using crystals for various purposes(
).
?

2. .
jewelry , Furthermore
specific physical and mental health problems
, Lastly a strong spiritual
connection . ,
, , .
? (
)
3. , , , ,
, The
use of crystals was not limited to particular
cultures.(
.) .
?
.

.

.
.
4. properties,
qualities.

| |
The history of crystal dates back thousands of
years to Mesopotamian times. As we study
history we find crystals were in use for other
purposes than jewelry. Crystals make beautiful
jewelry because by definition they have an
orderly internal structure that is reflected by
light. Furthermore, it is believed that specific
crystals can aid specific physical and mental
health problems. All we have to do is place them
near us to get these health benefits. Lastly, there
has always been a strong spiritual connection
with crystals which is partly related to both their
beauty and their mental health benefits.
In Boyne Valley in Ireland, there is an ancient
grave, which is older than the pyramids, built by
prehistoric people. The grave is a kind of solar
temple which has a roof covered in white quartz,
representing the White Goddess. It was built to
allow the sun to shine through on the Winter
Solstice. There has also been archeological
evidence that crystals were used by the
Egyptians. Archeologists have concluded that
crystals were extensively used for numerous
purposes, including spiritual purposes in North,
Central, and South America. In Asia, quartz has
a long tradition of being carved and admired for
its beauty. The heart of the dragon which in
Asian tradition is admired for its wisdom and
intelligence is frequently represented by a
crystal ball. Lastly, ancient India also has a rich
tradition of using crystals. Indians were the first
to place crystals on the body for healing and
meditation purposes. This is where the idea of
using crystals for their energy giving properties
originated.
Answer Keys
35
| |
GRAMMAR Quiz
1. I decided to study hard from now on.
. ,
.

. ,

.
. ,

.
Boyne Valley, ,

.
, .

2. What I really wanted to do was to gain honor
from other people.
/
3. The best we can do is to help them to get rid of
the oil from the sea.
/
STRUCTURE
The heart of the dragon which in Asian tradition
is admired for its wisdom and intelligence is
frequently represented by a crystal ball.
, , ?
: the dragon
: in Asian tradition
, , ,
: for its wisdom and intelligence
. ,

. ,
< >
The heart of the dragon

() which in Asian tradition is admired
. ,
for its wisdom and intelligence

is
frequently represented
() by a crystal ball
WRITING
| |
1. The history of crystal dates back thousands of
they have an orderly internal structure (that is)
years to Mesopotamian times.
reflected by light / with crystals (which is) partly
( )
related to both their beauty and their mental

health benefits
< +be> .
The grave is a kind of solar temple which has a

roof covered in white quartz / The heart of the
dragon which in Asian tradition is admired for its
wisdom and intelligence
which , <
+be> ,
.
2. As we study history we find crystals were in use

for other purposes than jewelry.
(~ )
3. All we have to do is place them near us to get

these health benefits. ( )
4. It was built to allow the sun to shine through on
the Winter Solstice. ( )
5. This is where the idea of using crystals for their
energy giving properties originated.
( ~ )
36
35
Passage
| |
1.
2. try:
.
lose: .
3. I will get rid of my weight.

4. yourself / your brain
| |
1.
, Our mind is
directed exactly by what is said or thought.(
.)
.
, ?

.
.
.

.
2. try
, lose

programming yourself even if you dont know it.

Whenever you tell yourself something about
your expectations and goals, you are
programming your internal, sub-conscious
computer. If you look at your class schedule and
say, Math is hard. I hate it, sure enough you
wont do well in math. Youve programmed your
brain to think that its too hard for you, so you
have almost no chance of ever succeeding at
math.
Do you often tell people that you are trying to
lose weight? When you say you are trying that
means that you arent actually doing it. It means
that you are only trying. When you say
something like this, it is inevitable that you will
fail.
The word lose is also bound to lead you to
failure if you go around telling others that I am
trying to lose weight. The word lose implies
that you want to find whatever has been lost. Do
you want to find your lost weight? Not really. But
what is happening is that your subconscious is
being programmed to accept failure.
So what should you say when you have old,
worn-out clothes that you no longer wear? Or
what do you do with them? You GET RID OF
them. Why not try doing the same thing with
your weight? Say I will get rid of my weight.
3. try lose ,
| |
I will get rid of my weight.
4.
computer
,
. .
| |
.
,
When we program a computer, we are telling it

exactly what we want it to do. And it will do
exactly what we want it to do. It is exactly the
same with humans and every day you are
.
,
.

Answer Keys
37
? ,
.
. ,
.
.

,lose

.lose

. ?
. ( )

.
,
? , ?
.
? .
.
STRUCTURE
When we program a computer, we are telling it
exactly what we want it to do.
?
: it(a computer)
: what we want it to do
it ?
a computer
< >
()
When we program a computer

we
are telling
it
exactly
()
| |
we are telling it exactly what we want it to do /
And it will do exactly what we want it to do. / But
what is happening is that your subconscious is
being programmed to accept failure.
what
. what tell to do
. what do
to do . what is
happening is .
is
is .
GRAMMAR Quiz
1. 21 .
Hes only 21, but he has already achieved

worldwide fame.
2. .
The plane has just taken off from Gimpo

International Airport.
3.
.
Scientist have noticed that the ozone layer

has been getting thinner.
38
WRITING
1. It will do exactly what we want it to do.
( )
2. You have almost no chance of ever succeeding

at math. (~ )
3. When you say something like this, it is inevitable
that you will fail. ( )
4. The word lose is also bound to lead you to
failure. ( ~ )
5. But what is happening is that your
subconscious is being programmed to accept
failure. ( )
36
Passage
| |
1.
2.
3.
4.
| |
1.

. , Christmas can be a
miserable time of the year for some people.(

.) .
?
.
,
.

.

.
2.
,
can come to the surface .

3. ,

. ,
.
| |
Christmas comes once a year, but as far as
commercial interests and town centres are
concerned, you can safely say that about two
months a year are dedicated to it. With families
chasing their careers all over the country, its
often difficult to get to know the people we
share most of our genes with. All of a sudden
Christmas is around the corner.
Its probably one of the few times of the year
when people get to meet and catch up
especially now families are scattered all over the
country. And it is quite common that festering illwill for an aunt, an uncle or whomever can come
to the surface. How is Theresa supposed to
react to a smirking uncle who wonders why a
35-year-old woman isnt married yet? Yes,
Christmas is a time for spread-out families to
come together and meet, but its also a
potentially dangerous situation and family
members often intensify their fallouts with each
other during this time of year.
And the Christmas gift giving ritual can further
complicate existing squabbles. We share our
genes with these people, but still how are we to
know what the perfect gift is? Whatever you buy
for your aunt, it can be a potentially sore point
for her. How can we possibly know what color
she hates or what kitchen appliances she uses?
This whole process results in what might be
considered a type of writers block. The writer
cannot write out of fear that he has nothing to
say and the gift giver cannot buy out of fear that
the gift will say I know nothing about you! So
we walk around the city, looking into windows
and resisting the calls of saleswomen. We are
blocked up!
,
4. squabbles ,
quarrels.
Answer Keys
39
| |
GRAMMAR Quiz
1. .
,
.
,
.
.
,
I wonder ifOwhetherPthey will come to our

party tonight.
2.
.
He wanted to know what her father was like

and how long her mother had been dead.

. ,
. 35

Theresa ? ,

,

.

.
,
STRUCTURE
This whole process results in what might be
considered a type of writers block.
?
what might be considered a type of writers

block
< >
This whole process

results in
what might be considered a type of
writers block
? ,
.

WRITING
1. You can safely say that about two months a
year are dedicated to it.
(~
OP )
!

.
,
. !
| |
Christmas is a time for spread-out families to
come together and meet
to come together and meet for
spread-out families.
So we walk around the city, looking into

windows and resisting the calls of saleswomen.
looking ~ resisting ~
,~ , ~

.
40
2. All of a sudden Christmas is around the corner.

( )
3. Christmas is a time for spread-out families to

come together and meet.
( )
4. Whatever you buy for your aunt, it can be a

potentially sore point for her. ( )
5. The gift giver cannot buy out of fear that the gift
will say I know nothing about you!
(~ )
Review
|A|
01. ,
02.
03. ()
04.
05. ,
06. ,
07.
08. ,
09.
10. ,
11. ,
12. ~
|B|
01. home appliances
02. subtract 7 from 10
03. prehistoric people
04. for[with] the purpose of
05. Death is inevitable.
06. This stone is too heavy (for me) to lift.
|C|
01. distractions
02. Instinct
03. Archaeologists
04. originates
05. dates back
06. Meditation
|D|
01.
02.
03.
04.
05.
06.
07.
08.
09.
10.
Answer Keys
41
Chapter 10
revolutionary
acknowledge
routine ,
adjustment ,
sanity
alternatively
slit ,
approximately
spin ,
arrangement
subconscious
as a consequence of ~
take action
aside from ~
the former
block out ~
the latter
broom
tip
burdensome ,
tremendous
carpentry ,
triangular
controversial ,
unsympathetic ,
craftsman (),
upholstery ()
creep
uplifted ,
decry ,
victim
fence
victimize
flat
weather vane
for generations
weigh ~ down ~
functionalism ,
width
glue ,
woe ,
harassment ,
wooden
horizontal ,
woodworking ,
intense ,
wreck ,
intrigue
lozenge
mechanics
mediate ,
minimize
37
nuisance ,
Passage
obligation
| |
observe
on edge
out-of-place
pervasive ,
post ,
precise ,
put up with ~
respectful
42
1.
2. . /
.
3. . / , ,
. /
.
4. stand for / endure
| |
1. The victim of every anti`-social behavior should
be compensated.(
.) .
?

.

.

.
.
2. the rules of acceptable orsocial

behavior seem to be changing

.
but it is merely being acknowledged
more and more
.
3. . ,
, , ,
,
.

? ()
.
4. put up with~ ,
stand for endure.
| |
Any given society by definition must have rules
of behavior which define what is socially
acceptable. While many people today say that
our society is becoming more anti-social, the
issue is still controversial.
On the one hand, when people decry anti-social
behavior these days, they are really saying that
the rules of acceptable or social behavior seem
to be changing and that they dont like the new
rules. This line of thinking may lead us to say
that young people are no longer as respectful of
their elders and thus they are being anti-social.
On the other hand, it can be argued that antisocial behavior is not increasing, but it is merely
being acknowledged more and more. This may

be related to the fact that people dont put up
with things that they used to think were normal.
For instance, in general women no longer stand
for certain types of harassment endured by them
for generations.
Anti-social behavior by definition has a broad
range. It can be anything from serious
harassment from a close one to nuisances
brought on by anti-social neighbours. When the
anti-social behavior of others victimizes us, we
must not blame ourselves but get help. The
worst thing any victim can do is to keep his or
her victimization to himself or herself.
Alternatively, victims of anti-social behavior can
talk to others. A person from outside can look at
the situation with fresh eyes. Support,
encouragement and tips from others can also
make a tremendous difference. And, they can
also help you decide whether to take action or
not.
| |

.
.
, ,
,

.

.
,

.
.
,
.
.

Answer Keys
43
.
,
.
.
.
.
, , .

.
WRITING
1. Any given society by definition must have rules
of behavior which define what is socially
acceptable.
( )
2. They are really saying that the rules of

acceptable or social behavior seem to be
changing. ( )
3. Women no longer stand for certain types of
harassment endured by them for generations.
| |
the fact that people dont put up with things that
they used to think were normal
( )
4. The worst thing any victim can do is to keep his
the fact that that that. things that
or her victimization to himself or herself.
(they used to think) were normal that
( )
they used to think .
5. They can also help you decide whether to take

action or not. ( )
GRAMMAR Quiz
1. He has a lovely daughter (who is) called Pam.
2. This is the man about whom I was speaking.
()
3. The house (which) he lives in is very large.
4. Of those (who were) invited only a few came to
38
Passage
| |
the party.
1.
2. /
STRUCTURE
It can be anything from serious harassment from
a close one to nuisances brought on by antisocial neighbours.
anything ?
3.

4.
: serious harassment from a close
one
: nuisances brought on by anti-
social neighbours
It
can be
anything
() from serious harassment from a
close one
() to nuisances brought on by anti-
social neighbours
44
1.
,
( ),
< >
| |
.
(C) .
2. unsympathetic bosses, routine but burdensome

family obligations, the news of the woes
.
, ,
.
. (
)
3.
,
.

? ()
4. 1 Even if you block out the

emotions the media is throwing at you, you might
feel you are becoming an emotional wreck.
, Complete inner peace can be obtained by
blocking out the news.(
.) .
?

.
renting out space in your head to the mass

media. Even if you block out the emotions the
media is throwing at you, you might feel you are
becoming an emotional wreck. What you truly
need to do is to find some inner peace. You
should sit back, mediate and get rid of the
emotions of jealousy, desire, anger and hate,
which are in your subconscious mind. To do that
you must realize that you are not perfect and
neither is anyone else. If you think your boss
wants a perfect report or your family wants a
perfect holiday, you feel more stress and strain.
And you will never be able to find that inner
peace you desire.
| |
, .
, ,
, , .
,
.
| |
Stressed by unsympathetic bosses and routine
but burdensome family obligations we feel on
edge. And then as we commute between our
families and our jobs, we listen to the news of
the woes of environmental destruction, financial
ruin and murderous criminal activity. Just when
we need to be emotionally uplifted, we get
weighted down with more worries.
You wouldnt want these things to weigh you
down any longer. The key to maintaining your
sanity throughout the day is to minimize the
news the media throws at you. Yes, the media is
all-pervasive, creeping in wherever you are,
entering your space when you turn on your
computer, your TV, your radio, or when you
open up the daily newspaper. Since there is no
way you dont turn these things on or open them
up forever, you have to take control of your
mind. You cannot afford the emotional trouble of

.
. ,
, ,
, TV, , ,
.
, .

.
,
.
. ()
, , , .

.
,
.
.
Answer Keys
45
| |
WRITING
The key to maintaining your sanity throughout
1. Stressed by unsympathetic bosses and routine
the day is to minimize the news the media
throws at you. / To do that you must realize that
edge. ( )
you are not perfect

to minimize is to
. To do that
to .
What you truly need to do is to find some inner

peace.
What you truly need to do is
. What do
, is .
2. The key to maintaining your sanity throughout

the day is to minimize the news the media
throws at you. ( )
3. You cannot afford the emotional trouble of
renting out space in your head to the mass
media. ( ( ))
4. What you truly need to do is to find some inner
peace. ( )
5. To do that you must realize that you are not
GRAMMAR Quiz
1. Put on your hat.
perfect and neither is anyone else.

( )
Put it on.
2. He used to take off his socks when he came
back home.
He used to take them off when he came

back home.
3. You should try to turn off the light whenever you
go out.
You should try to turn it off whenever you go

out.
39
Passage
| |
1. /
2. chair:

table:
STRUCTURE
Stressed by unsympathetic bosses and routine
edge.
| |
Stressed() .
SinceO WhenPwe are
1. He wanted to create more functional and modern

furniture He was more interested in
making functional furniture.(
unsympathetic bosses
.) .
routine but burdensome family obligations
he acquired all the precise skills of a master
< >
craftsman He grew up learning the
Stressed by unsympathetic bosses

and ~ obligations
we
feel
() on edge
46
3.
4.
technical skills to make furniture.(

.)
.
Mathsson ?
.
.

.
2. Mathsson some chairs with

positional adjustability, Some of the chairs he
worked on didn
t have springs or upholstery.,
The latter is a table which can be
folded and made into several different
arrangements. . ,
,
.
3. what repeated patterns humans made when they

sat down . , the mechanics of
sitting
.
4. While it was designed in 1935, it would

not be out`-of`-place in many homes today.
Some of his designs are still popular among many
people.(
.) .
Mathsson ?

.
.
.
.
Mathsson became fascinated by functionalism

in furniture design as a consequence of this selfeducation in designing. He wanted to create
more functional and modern furniture than the
flat board furniture his father and the rest of his
woodworking family members had been creating
for centuries. His furniture was designed with
clean, elegant lines including some chairs with
positional adjustability. Some of the chairs he
worked on didnt have springs or upholstery. His
ideas were revolutionary for his time.
Mathsson was so intrigued by what he termed
the mechanics of sitting that he conducted
experiments to learn what repeated patterns
humans made when they sat down. He even
conducted some experiments in snow to
observe the results. Some of his designs have
become classics such as the Bruno Mathsson
Pernilla chair and the Bruno Mathsson Follbord
table. The latter is a table which can be folded
and made into several different arrangements.
While it was designed in 1935, it would not be
out-of-place in many homes today.
| |
Bruno Mathsson 1907
| |
Furniture designer Bruno Mathsson, who was
born in Varnamo, Sweden in 1907, was greatly
influenced by the woodworking traditions of his
family. Carpentry, especially cabinet making,
was his fathers trade so Mathsson grew up
learning about wood from his father. By
watching and helping his father, he acquired all
the precise skills of a master craftsman. Thus,
having become interested in furniture making
techniques, he gathered as much information as
he could from all the additional sources, aside
from his father, that he knew of. He learned a lot
by borrowing books from libraries, museums
and friends who shared his intense passion for
designing.
Varnamo ,
. ,
Mathsson
. ,
.
,

. ,

.
Mathsson
.

.

.
Answer Keys
47
< >
Mathsson

He
wanted
to create more functional and

modern furniture
.
.
() than the flat board furniture
Bruno Mathsson Pernilla Bruno
() his father ~ for centuries
llbord .
Mathsson Fo
( )
WRITING
. 1935 ,
1. He gathered as much information as he could
from all the additional sources, aside from his
| |
( )
father, that he knew of.

having become interested in furniture making
techniques, he gathered as much information as
2. Mathsson became fascinated by functionalism

in furniture design as a consequence of this
he could
self-education in designing.
having ~ techniques as he had
( )
become interested ~ techniques .
Mathsson was so intrigued by what he termed

the mechanics of sitting that he conducted
experiments to learn ~
<so ~ that > ~

.
3. His ideas were revolutionary for his time.

( )
4. He conducted experiments to learn what

repeated patterns humans made when they sat
down. ( )
5. The latter is a table which can be folded and
GRAMMAR Quiz
made into several different arrangements.

( ~ )
1. When I woke up, the sun had already risen.

2. I recognized the lady at once though we hadnt
met for years.

3. It was difficult to determine exactly where the
40
accident had taken place.
Passage
STRUCTURE
| |
He wanted to create more functional and modern

furniture than the flat board furniture his father
and the rest of his woodworking family members
had been creating for centuries.
the flat board furniture
?
his father and the rest of ~ for centuries

:

48
1.
2.
3.
4.
| |
1. wire and scissors(
) .
?
2. ,
the stick turns easily around the
nail( ) .

3. it vane .

()
4. ,
,
.
.
.
| |
Lets make our own weather vane. Start with an
approximately 30 cm long piece of wood. This
piece of wood should be approximately 1 cm in
width and 2 cm in height. Cut a horizontal slit
about 1 cm deep on each end of the piece of
wood. In the middle of the piece of wood,
hammer one nail all the way through it. Spin the
piece of wood around the nail until the stick
turns easily around the nail.
Cut a triangular head and a lozenge-shaped tail
for the weather vane from a piece of aluminum
such as a pie plate. Glue the head into one slit
and the tail into the other slit. Allow time for the
glue to dry.
Get a long wooden dowel to put the weather
vane onto. A dowel is a long, round piece of
wood like the one that is used for broom
handles. Before hammering the weather vane on
top of the dowel, place a metal washer on the
end of the dowel which the weather vane is
going to be attached to. Now hammer the nail in
the middle of the weather vane, into the end of
the dowel. Make sure that it moves freely and
easily around the nail.
Now you can put your weather vane outside. A

good place to put it is on a fence post using
nails. Try to get the vane as high above the
fence as you can while still keeping the dowel
steady and secure. The triangular head will
always point in the direction the wind is blowing
from. For example, if the head points to the
Southwest, then the wind is blowing from the
Southwest. Its as simple as that. A common
mistake is to think that the wind is blowing
toward the Southwest.
| |
. 30cm
. 1cm 2cm
. 1cm
.
.
.

.
, .
.
.
.
,
() .
.
.
.
.
,
.
. ,
, .
.
.
| |
Allow time for the glue to dry.
to dry for the glue .
Answer Keys
49
A good place to put it is on a fence post using
Review
nails.
to put it A good place to
. A good place to put it ,
is.
GRAMMAR Quiz
1. I decided to study hard from now on.
2. To cram for a test is a bad study strategy.
3. Education
s purpose is to replace an empty mind
with an open one.
STRUCTURE
A dowel is a long, round piece of wood like the
|A|
01. ,
02. ,
03.
04.
05. ~
06. ,
07.
08.
09.
10. ,
11. ~
12.
one that is used for broom handles.

like the one ?
that is used for broom handles

:
< >
A dowel
is
a long, round piece of wood
|B|
01. tremendous amount of money
02. decried the campaign
03. get rid of the car
04. Sorry to be a nuisance.
05. put up with his insults
06. Lets take action.
() like the one that is used for broom
handles
WRITING
1. Start with an approximately 30 cm long piece of
wood. ( 30cm )
2. This piece of wood should be approximately
|C|
01. intense
02. intrigues
03. makes a difference
04. mediates
05. observe
06. pervasive
1 cm in width and 2 cm in height.

(1cm 2cm )
3. Allow time for the glue to dry. ( )

4. A dowel is a long, round piece of wood like the
one that is used for broom handles.
( )
5. A good place to put it is on a fence post using

nails. ( (, ) )
50
|D|
01.
02.
03.
04.
05.
06.
07.
08.
09.
10.
memo

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Aim High Reading | Level 3-B

Social Culture Business

The purpose of a seed farm near New York City is not to

Aim High Reading

According to the passage, which of the following is true?

Pollution from cars, factories and cities is poisoning

you will get better.

3. , . He said he would come and he did come

A vine native to Asia called

who admired the Oriental Bittersweets

colorful leaves and berries

, a sleeplike state in which

the seeds do not age.

, these seeds could help restore damaged parklands

3. Forested areas with their undergrowth of bushes and wild flowers

4. But it is now threatening to destroy a similar but

vine called American Bittersweet.

~ the Seed Farm for help in

reintroducing that species.

Social Culture Business

not ~ until ... ~ , ~

Aim High Reading

According to the passage which of the following is NOT true?

The teenage years were not considered important before

Explain the purpose of the study mentioned in paragraph 2 in Korean.

For example, healthy eating in teenage years is believed

not ~ until ...

he was thirty that he started to paint.

that the first of the vitamins was identified.

The 20 percent of the worlds population that is experiencing adolescence is going

that is experiencing adolescence

The 20 percent of the worlds population that is experiencing adolescence

something distinct and separate from childhood

2 something of great importance to adult life

Rgo through , is going going .

1. They are going through

something of great importance to adult life.

~ having a healthy adulthood.

will have a greater chance of

3. Researchers are trying hard to catalogue the myriad changes

at this time in their life.

4. The researchers believe the data will show

teenage years and adulthood.

5. These and other points, however, cannot be proven

Social Culture Business

Aim High Reading

Which of the following is correct according to the passage?

Teachers rarely teach their students how things are

Why does the author mention the statements of ancient scholars?

to insist that math is the most important subject of all

The secret of numbers should be revealed.

the different manifestations of our reality are connected

The facts that the different ~, and

that everything ~ in a secret matrix

part of basic knowledge

have always been

ever since old civilizations

to their students how the subjects are

related to one another.

2. Neither does the physical education teacher explain

how his subject is related to

~ the importance of mathematics that

4. They tried to impart the knowledge that numbers

there would be no life