CHAPTER 2: BLOOD CIRCULATION AND TRANSPORT

A.

Understanding the transport system in humans.

Blood circulatory system
- Consist of _______________________________, _______________________________ and
_______________________________.
b.
Functions of the heart
a.

c.

Label the structure of the heart

The upper two chambers are the ____________________ and ____________________.

The lower two chambers are the ____________________ and ____________________.
The upper and lower chambers are separated by the ____________________ and

____________________.
Atrium

_________________________________________________________________________.
Right
atrium

_____________________________________________________________________.
Left

______________________________________________________________________.
Ventricles
_______________________________________________________________________.

atrium

d.

Right

ventricle

___________________________________________________________________.
Left

ventricle

____________________________________________________________________.
Left
ventricle

has

_________________________________________________________________.
Compare and contrast the structure of arteries, veins and capillaries
Ciri-ciri
Arteri
Kapilari
Vena
Characteristics Arteries
Capillaries
Veins
Ketebalan
dinding
Thickness
of
Wall
Saiz Lumen
Size of Lumen
Tekanan darah
Blood pressure
Aliran darah
Blood flow
Function
Fungsi
Kehadiran
injap
Presence
valve
Diagram

e.

of

Compare and contrast oxygenated and deoxygenated blood

- Oxygenated blood: has high concentration of ________________________ and
-

lower concentration of _______________________

Colour of oxygenated blood: _______________________________
This colour is caused by ____________________________.
Oxyhaemoglobin
is
formed

___________________________________________________
Deoxygenated blood: has high concentration of ________________________ and

when

lower concentration of _______________________

- Colour of deoxygenated blood: _______________________________
Explain the path of blood flow:
- Blood in the body flows in a _______________________________.
- Deoxygenated blood from all parts of body enters the ___________ atrium of the
-

heart through ___________________.

From the right atrium, the deoxygenated

blood

is

forced

into

the

____________________.
The deoxygenated blood is then pumped to the _______________ through a

______________ and ____________________.

The deoxygenated blood becomes ___________________ after receiving oxygen

from the lungs.

The oxygenated blood leaves the lungs and returns to the heart by the
____________________. Blood then enters the ______________ and flow into the

___________________ through a valve.

From the left ventricle, blood is pumped into the __________________ and carried

to every part of the body except the ________________.

Blood enters the ____________________ that leads to the veins through which

blood returns to the right atrium.

The flow of blood can be divided into ___________ paths.
In one path, blood circulates between the _____________ and the _____________.
In the other path, blood circulates between the _____________ and the

_____________.
This system of blood circulation where blood passes through the heart
_____________

in

____________________________.

complete

circulation

is

called

the

g.

B.

Role of blood circulatory system in transport of substances

Analysing the human blood.

a.
State the constituents of blood and their functions
- Blood consist of ______________, _______________ and ________________.
- These components are suspended in liquid called ___________________.
- Plasma: transports substances needed by cells and removes _______________
b.

State
-

from cells.
Red blood cells: Transports _______________ to body cells.
White blood cells: help body to _________________ and resist _________________.
Help
blood
to
_____________.
Clotting
is
a
process
in
which
______________________ to stop _______________.
the blood groups
Blood transfusion: transfer of blood from a _______________ to a ____________.
Needed when someone suffers _______________ during accident or surgery.
Blood group: _________, __________, _________, _________.
Mixing incompatible blood groups leads to blood clotting or ____________.
Blood compatibility:

People with blood group O can donate blood to recipients of all blood groups.
They are called ______________________.
People with blood group AB can receive blood from donors of all blood
groups. They are called ______________________.

c.

Justify the importance of blood donation

- Required in _____________, saving victims of accidents and to treat patients with
diseases such as ___________ and _____________.

d.

Describe how donated blood is stored and handled

- Donated blood undergoes many tests for the safety of the recipients.
- A sample of donated blood is tested for the blood group and screened for
-

diseases such as __________, _____________, __________ and _____________.

Blood screening procedures are very important as they ensure that blood used

for transfusion is not __________________.

The use of contaminated blood in blood transfusion will cause the recipients to

contract the illness carried by the donors.

If the blood is found to be not contaminated, it will be stored in the

_______________.
The donated blood may be stored as ______________ or separated into
______________, ___________ or _____________.

C.

Before any blood transfusion is carried out, the donated blood is tested for

____________ with the patients blood.

Analysing the transport system in plants
a.
Describe how wilting occurs
- Water that enters plant cell exerts pressure on the cell wall.
- The cell becomes turgid and supports the plant.
- If a plant lost more water than being absorbed, the cell losses its turgidity. It
becomes soft or flaccid. A flaccid cell cannot support a plant causing the plant
to wilt.

b.

Describe what transpiration is

- Process
in
which
_______________________________________________________________.
- Water is lost in the form of _______________________.
- Loss of water occurs on plants through the ________________ on the epidermal
cells of the leaves.
- The opening of stomata is controlled by the _____________________.

c.
d.

e.

Describe the functions of stomata

- _____________________________________________________________________________
Identify the factors affecting the rate of transpiration and describe how the factors
affect the rate of transpiration
- Number of stomata [the more the stomata, the higher the rate]
- Light intensity [the brighter the light, the higher the rate]
- Temperature [the higher the temperature, the higher the rate]
- Humidity [the more humid the air, the lower the rate]
- Air movement [the faster the air movement, the higher the rate]
Describe the roles of transpiration
- Helps to ______________________________________________________________________.
Helps to ______________________________________________________________________.
Investigate the pathway of water in a cut stem using a suitable stains
Function of Xylem
- Balsam plant is placed in a beaker containing red coloured solution.
- The veins of the stems, leaves and flower changes into red colour.
- The veins are called as xylem.
- This shows that water and dissolved substances is transported from the roots
by xylem.
Function of Phloem
- The outer layer of a plant is removed.
- After a few weeks, the upper layer of the plant will become swollen.
- This happens because food cannot be carried to the lower part of the plants
and accumulated there.
- This is due to the removal of bark which consists of phloem layer which
functions to transport food.
- This shows that food materials are carried by the phloem in plants.

g.

Identify the locations of xylem and phloem

h.

Identify the functions of xylem and phloem

Xylem: ______________________________________________________________________________
Phloem: _____________________________________________________________________________