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exceptional children includes all children whose physical attributes and/or learning
abilities differ from the norm (either below or above) to such an extent that an
individualized program of adapted, specialized education is required to meet their
needs
disability reduced function or loss of a particular body part or organ which limits the
ability to perform certain tasks (e.g., to see, hear, walk) in the same way that most
nondisabled persons do; impairment is often used interchangeably
handicap the problems a person with a disability or impairment encounters in
interacting with the environment; a disability may pose a handicap in one environment
but not in another
at risk children who, while not currently identified as having a disability, are
considered to have a greater-than-usual chance of developing a disability
W. L. Heward, Exceptional Children, 6e, 2000 by Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.
T 1.1
W. L. Heward, Exceptional Children, 6e, 2000 by Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.
T 1.2
Labels may stigmatize the child and lead peers to reject or ridicule the labeled child.
May cause others to hold low expectations for and to differentially treat a child based
on the label, which may result in a self-fulfilling prophecy.
Labels that describe a child's performance deficit often mistakenly acquire the role of
explanatory constructs (e.g., "Sherry acts that way because she is emotionally
disturbed.").
W. L. Heward, Exceptional Children, 6e, 2000 by Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.
T 1.3
Labels suggest that learning problems are primarily the result of something wrong
within the child, thereby reducing the systematic examination of and
accountability for instructional variables as the cause of performance deficits.
Labels may provide a basis for keeping children out of the regular classroom.
W. L. Heward, Exceptional Children, 6e, 2000 by Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.
T 1.4
W. L. Heward, Exceptional Children, 6e, 2000 by Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.
T 1.5
W. L. Heward, Exceptional Children, 6e, 2000 by Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.
T 1.6
W. L. Heward, Exceptional Children, 6e, 2000 by Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.
T 1.7