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Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
2
UM Power Energy Dedicated Advanced Center (UMPEDAC), Level 4, Wisma R&D, University of Malaya,
Jalan Pantai Baharu, 59990 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
a
hidayahassan@siswa.um.edu.my, b a.halim@um.edu.my
dependent model, which is represented with IEEE two sections
of nonlinear resistance. Since the Maximum Continuous
Operating Voltage (MCOV) of 132 kV transmission line is
97.2 kV, RVLQD - Class 2 type of arrester has been chosen
because the rated voltage is between 3kV to 198kV as in the
datasheet of porcelain type surge arrester from Toshiba.
I.
Shielding
II.
Failure;
INTRODUCTION
MODELLING
683
(1)
2012 IEEE International Conference on Power and Energy (PECon), 2-5 December 2012, Kota Kinabalu Sabah, Malaysia
where,
(2)
10 [pF]
T
T1s2
G2
T
T1s3
T
T1s6
ravg
T
T1s1
T
T1s4
10 [pF]
ravg =
r1h1 + r2 h + r3 h2
G1
T
T1s7
T
T1s9
B
10 [pF]
T
T1s10
T
T1s12
10[ohm]
Vo = 0.9(400 +
710
t
0.75
)d
(3)
where,
Vo
t
d
= flashover voltage, kV
= time elapsed after lightning stroke, s [8, 9]
= length of gap between arc horn, m
Crossarm
S
Conductor
TABLE I.
ARRESTER CHARACTERISTICS
Nominal voltage(kV)
MCOV(kV rms)
Voltage(kV) for 10 kA, 8/20s
Energy absorption(kJ/kV)
Length of arrester column(m)
No. of parallel column of disks
684
120
97.2
330
4.5
1.485
1
2012 IEEE International Conference on Power and Energy (PECon), 2-5 December 2012, Kota Kinabalu Sabah, Malaysia
III.
LIGHTNING
I
tr = rise time
th = tail/half time
Ipeak
Ipeak/2
Figure 5: IEEE frequency-dependent model line arrester
2.3
Voltage, V (p.u)
th
tr
2.1
t (s)
1.9
1.7
1.5
1.3
A0
1.1
A1
T3A1
TIME
0.9
0.01
4
8
Current, I (kA)
12
16
400[ohm]
Istroke
Table
20
L1 = 15d / n
TABLE II.
(4)
R1 = 65d / n ()
(5)
Lo = 0.2d / n (H)
(6)
Ro = 100d / n ()
(7)
C = 100n / d (pF)
(8)
where,
d= estimated height of the arrester (as in data sheet), m
685
2012 IEEE International Conference on Power and Energy (PECon), 2-5 December 2012, Kota Kinabalu Sabah, Malaysia
IV.
ARRESTER ENERGY
(9)
800
where,
600
= arrester current, A
400
200
y
iA
eA
VA1
0
-200
=
where,
-400
-600
Zg
Ts
Ri
0.00
(10)
0.05m
0.10m
0.15m
0.20m
0.25m
0.30m
Zg
Ri
Ts
= footing resistance,
WA =
i e dt
0
A A
(11)
Figure 10: A0 energy waveform for 20 kA stroke to the ground wire
i A = k (e A )
(12)
WA =
K 1 Ie A1 1
1+1
(13)
where EA1 are the discharge voltage for current of KII and is
-t / 1 . Detailed derivation of both equations is explained in [1].
V.
686
2012 IEEE International Conference on Power and Energy (PECon), 2-5 December 2012, Kota Kinabalu Sabah, Malaysia
Stroke
Current (kA)
35
80
100
150
180
200
Calculated Energy
(kJ/kV)
0.06
0.15
0.25
0.50
0.65
0.76
Simulated Energy
(kJ/kV)
0.07
0.24
0.31
0.52
0.64
0.73
Figure 17: Simulated energy discharged by the line arrester for shielding
failures
687
2012 IEEE International Conference on Power and Energy (PECon), 2-5 December 2012, Kota Kinabalu Sabah, Malaysia
Stroke
Current (kA)
5
10
13
15
18
20
Calculated Energy
(kJ/kV)
0.80
1.92
2.61
3.08
3.78
4.28
Simulated Energy
(kJ/kV)
0.91
1.97
2.65
2.96
3.67
4.16
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The author thanks the University of Malaya for
supporting this work through the IPPP research grant (Grant
no: PS012-2012A).
REFERENCES
[1]
[2]
Rf,
10
20
30
40
50
60
[3]
[4]
[5]
[6]
[7]
[8]
[9]
Energy, kJ/kV
Curent 200 kA at ground
Current 18 kA at phase A
wire (Back flashover)
(Shielding Failure)
0.7296
3.67
0.7353
3.67
0.7390
3.67
0.7417
3.67
0.7454
3.67
0.7530
3.67
VI.
[10]
[11]
[12]
[13]
CONCLUSION
[14]
688