WiMAX vs LTE

One Day Seminar

Minggu, 26 February 2012

Technology Challenge & Business Opportunity

Arief Hamdani Gunawan (hamdani2@telkom.co.id)

Agenda
INTRODUCTION
Is LTE a 4G technology?
Specifying LTE
TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW
OFDM
Advanced antenna systems
System Architecture Evolution
Rollout problems
Competing technologies to LTE
Standardization of LTE

BANDWIDTH UTILISATION
TDD & FDD
Capacity requirements
Candidate bands
The need for harmonized spectrum
New bands needed
Spectrum neutrality

THE BUSINESS CASE

LTE Pros and Cons
New Applications
LTE home femtocells
Lower Costs
Benefits of all-IP infrastructure
HSPA as an alternative to LTE

Wireline and Wireless: Strengths and Weakness

STRENGTH

Mobile broadband
(EDGE, HSPA, LTE, etc.)

Wireline broadband
(DSL, DOCSIS, FTTH, etc.)

WEAKNESS

Constant Connectivity
Broadband capacity
across extremely wide
areas
Good access solution for
areas lacking wireline
infrastructure
Capacity enhancement via
FMC
Excellent voice
communications

Lower capacity than

wireline approaches
Inability to serve highbandwidth applications
such as IPTV

High-capacity broadband at
very high data rates
Evolution to extremely high
throughput rates

Expensive to deploy new

networks, especially in
developing lacking
infrastructure
3

Wireline and Wireless: Milestones

FTTH 100 Mbps

100 Mbps

3.9G

ADSL2+ 25 Mbps

10 Mbps
ADSL 3 to 5 Mbps

1 Mbps

100 Kbps

LTE 10 Mbps

3.5G
3.5G

HSPA+ 5 Mbps

ADSL 1 Mbps

3G
ISDN
128 Kbps

2.5G

HSDPA 1 Mbps

UMTS 350 Kbps

2G
EDGE 100 Kbps
GPRS 40 Kbps

10 Kbps
2000

2005

2010

Mobile throughput follows landline throughput by approx. factor 10

4

Wireline and Wireless:

Broadband price development

puts pressure on bit production costs

Mobile Broadband Technology Development

Mobile Broadband Price Development

Background of LTE: Data Traffic

UMTS-HSPA Voice and Data Traffic

Based on leading UMTS-HSPA infrastructure vendor statistics.

Mobile Data Traffic Growth (USA)

Based on Managing Growth and Profits in the Yottabyte Era,

Chetan Sharma, July 2009.

Background of LTE: Data Usage

iPhone Data Usage (Europe)

G1 Data Usage (USA)

200%

> 50X

100%

Average
handset
usage

20%

Nokia N95
(HSPA)

iPhone
(EDGE)

iPhone 3G
(EDGE)

> 8X
1 (Reference)
Voice-Centric Data-Centric T-Mobile G1
3G Phones
3G Phones

Source:
Data traffic in MB
normalized to
iPhone 2G usage

Average data traffic

in MB of active
handset subscriber

IDC Mobile Wireless Tracker 3Q08

7

Background of LTE: ARPU Growth

Voice ARPU

Voice ARPU
$30.0

Australia
Hong Kong

$25.0

India
Philippines
PRC

$20.0

Singapore
Taiwan

$15.0

Korea

Data ARPU

$10.0

Data ARPU

$5.0
30

$2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

25

2012

(US$)

20
Australia

15

Hong Kong
India

10

Philippines
PRC

Singapore
Taiwan
Korea

0
2007

Source: IDC Mobile Wireless Tracker 3Q08

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

Background of LTE: Mobile Data Traffic Is Exploding..

Wireless Data Usage per Mobile Device
(MB/Month)

2002

2007

Page View of Yahoo! For Cell phones

2013

Ren Obermann, CEO of Deutsche Telekom AG: iPhone is driving up average wireless data usage as much as
30 times higher than on other phones
In last year's third quarter call, Verizon (VZ) execs said data revenues grew 63% year-over-year, and accounted
for almost 20% of the carrier's overall service revenue.
Nokia Siemens Networks sees greater volumes of data than voice in several European HSPDA networks. In
some networks, data accounts for 80% of the traffic volume.
9

Background of LTE: driven by mobile broadband

3500

Subscriptions (million)

3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Fixed

Mobile

Mobile Broadband includes: CDMA2000 EV-DO, HSPA, LTE, Mobile WiMAX, TD-SCDMA
Fixed broadband includes: DSL, FTTx, Cable modem, Enterprise leased lines and Wireless Broadband

80% of Broadband subscribers are mobile in 2014

10

Mobile System Evolution

Global Support

TD-SCDMA

GSM

WCDMA

LTE

HSPA

FDD and TDD

GSM Track (3GPP)

CDMA One EVDO Rev A

CDMA Track (3GPP2)

2001

2005

2008

2010

LTE the global standard for Next Generation

11

Background of LTE: Access Network Evolution

The Driver for LTE
is

Data
3GPP
EDGE

2.5G

WDCMA

3G

HSPA

LTE

3.5G

3.9G

DOrA

LTE

3GPP2
CDMA
1X

EV-DO

But
Voice and SMS:
Still the leading Mobile
Applications today
12

1G to 4G
1G
2G

3G

4G

13

Characteristics of 3GPP
Technologies
2G
2.5G

2.5G

3G
3.5G
3.5G
3.9G
4G

14

Wireless Access Roadmap

High Mobility

$0.30 - $20/Mbytes
Vehicular

Multimedia Data, Location Services,

Augmented Reality, Music/Video,
Voice over IP, Remote Control
WiMAX 802.16e, LTE

2G
Pedestrian

GSM,
cdmaOne
PDC

2.5G

DECT/Cordless
Phones

Portable

3G

GPRS,
EDGE,
CDMA2000 1X
144 kbps

Low Mobility

$0.01-$0.07/Mbytes

Software Defined Radio Opportunity

W-CDMA/HSPA

Early 4G Systems

R4 (2.3 Mbps), R5 (14.4 Mbps)

802.16a FBWA

CDMA2000 1x
EV-DO (2.4 Mbps), EV-DV(3 Mbps)
HPSDA
802.11b

Bluetooth

802.11b
2-11 Mbps

LTE

802.16m WiMAX 2

3.9G 4G

LTE Advanced

54 Mbps
802.11g 802.15a UWB PAN
802.11a

760 Kbps
xDSL/Cable

Smart Antennas

56K Modems
E1/T1 Lines

Fixed

0.01

0.1

1.0

1.5 20
Broadband Fixed Wireless Access T3 Lines
Mbps

10

100
15

& Mobile

Timeline
4G

Mobile WiMAX
Rel 1.0

Rel 1.5

Rel 2.0

802.16e-2005

802.16e Rev 2

802.16m

IP e2e Network

3GPP
3.5G

HSPA

HSPA+

Rel-6

Rel-7 & Rel-8

Circuit Switched Network

IMTAdvanced
3.9G

4G

4G

LTE & LTE Advanced

Mobile WiMAX
time to market
advantage

2008
16

2009

IP e2e Network
CDMA-Based

2010

2011

OFDMA-Based

2012
16

Evolution of TDMA, CDMA and OFDMA Systems

4G

4G

17

Service Evolution & User Expectations

18

Specifying LTE: LTE Development Lifecycle

19

Major requirements for LTE

identified during study item phase in 3GPP

Higher peak data rates: 100 Mbps (downlink) and 50 Mbps (uplink)
Improved spectrum efficiency: 2-4 times better compared to 3GPP release 6
Improved latency:
Radio access network latency (user plane UE RNC - UE) below 10 ms
Significantly reduced control plane latency

Support of scalable bandwidth: 1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20 MHz

Support of paired and unpaired spectrum (FDD and TDD mode)
Support for interworking with legacy networks
Cost-efficiency:
Reduced CApital and OPerational EXpenditures (CAPEX, OPEX) including
backhaul
Cost-effective migration from legacy networks

A detailed summary of requirements has been captured in 3GPP TR 25.913

Requirements for Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA) and Evolved UTRAN (E-UTRAN).

20

Logical High Level Architecture

for The Evolved System

21

3G and LTE Roadmap

Excellent Mobile Broadband Today

Enhanced User Experience

Voice and Full Range of IP Services

Improved voice and data capacity

CDMA2000

1x Advanced

1X
Rev. A

Rel. 0

EV-DO
Rel-99

WCDMA

Rel-5

Rel-6

Phase I

Phase II

EV-DO Rev. B

DO Advanced

Rel-7

Rel-9 & Beyond

Rel-8

HSPA+ (HSPA Evolved)

HSPA

Rel-8

LTE Leverages new,

wider and TDD spectrum

2009

2010

Rel-9

LTE

Rel-10

LTE
Advanced

2011+
22
Created 01/30/09

3G and LTE Roadmap

Excellent Mobile Broadband Today

Enhanced User Experience

Voice and Full Range of IP Services

Improved voice and data capacity

CDMA2000
Best in class voice capacity

1X

EV-DO

DL: 2.4 Mbps

UL: 153 kbps

Rel-99

Rel-5

WCDMA
DL: 384 kbps
UL: 384 kbps

DL: 1.8-14.4 Mbps

UL: 384 kbps

4x increase compared to todays voice capacity

Phase I

Rev. A

Rel. 0

1x Advanced

1.5x increase with

available features4

Phase II

DO Advanced

EV-DO Rev. B
DL: 3.1 Mbps
UL: 1.8 Mbps

DL: 9.3 Mbps1

UL: 5.4 Mbps

Rel-7

Rel-6

Rel-9 & Beyond

Rel-8

HSPA+ (HSPA Evolved)

HSPA
DL: 1.8-14.4 Mbps
UL: 5.7 Mbps

DL: 28 Mbps
UL: 11 Mbps

DL: 42 Mbps5
UL: 11 Mbps

1Peak

rate for 3 EV-DO carriers supported by initial implementation.

rate for 3 EV-DO carriers with 64QAM in the DL. Rev. B standard
supports up to 15 aggregated Rev. A carriers.
3DO Advanced peak rate for 4 EV-DO carriers, assumes 2x2 MIMO and
64QAM in the DL and 16 QAM in the UL.
4Capacity increase possible with new codec (EVRC-B) and handset
interference cancellation (QLIC). 54x increase with receive diversity; 3x
without
5R8 will reach 42 Mbps by combining 2x2 MIMO and 64QAM in 5MHz,
or by utilizing 64QAM and multicarrier in 10 MHz. 6R9 and will utilize
combinations of multicarrier and MIMO to reach 84 Mbps peak rates
and beyond. Similarly, uplink multicarrier can double the uplink data
rates.
7Peak rates for 10 and 20 MHz FDD using 2x2 MIMO; standard
supports 4x4 MIMO enabling peak rates of 300 Mbps. TDD rates are a
function of up/downlink asymmetry.
8Peak rates can reach or exceed 300 Mbps by aggregating multiple 20
MHz carriers as considered for LTE Advanced (LTE Rel-10).

DL: 32 Mbps3 and beyond

UL: 12.4 Mbps3 and beyond

DL: 14.7 Mbps2

UL: 5.4 Mbps

DL: 84 Mbps6 and beyond (10 MHz)

UL: 23 Mbps6 and beyond (10 MHz)

Rel-8

2Peak

LTE Leverages new,

wider and TDD spectrum

2009

2010

Rel-9

LTE

Rel-10

LTE
Advanced

DL: 73 150 Mbps7 and beyond8 (10 MHz 20 MHz)

UL: 36 75 Mbps7 and beyond8 (10 MHz 20 MHz)

2011+

23

Specifying LTE: 3 GPP Specifications

Release

Functional Freeze

Main UMTS feature of release

Rel-99

Dec 1999

Rel-4

March 2000
March 2001

Rel-5

June 2002

Rel-6

March 2005

Rel - 7

Dec 2007

Rel 8

Dec 2008

CS and PS
R99 Radio Bearers
MMS
Location Services
Basic 3.84 Mcps W-CDMA (FDD & TDD)
Enhancements
1.28 Mcps TDD (aka TD-SCDMA)
HSDPA
IMS
AMR-WB Speech
HSUPA (E-DCH) / Enhanced Uplink
MBMS
WLAN-UMTS Internetworking
HSPA+ (64 QAM downlink, MIMO, 16 QAM uplink)
LTE and SAE Feasibility Study
LTE work item OFDMA / SC-FDMA air interface
SAE work item new IP core network
Further HSPA improvements / HSPA Evolution

January 2008, Rel-8 approved/December 2008,

Rel-8 frozen March 2009,
ASN.1 code ready and backwards compatibility secured
24

LTE background story

the early days

Work on LTE was initiated as a

3GPP release 7 study item
Evolved UTRA and UTRAN in
December 2004:
With enhancements such as
HSDPA and Enhanced Uplink, the
3GPP radio-access technology will
be highly competitive for several
years. However, to ensure
competitiveness in an even longer
time frame, i.e. for the next 10
years and beyond, a long term
evolution of the 3GPP radio-access
technology needs to be
considered.
25

LTE background story

the early days

Basic drivers for LTE have been:

Reduced latency
Higher user data rates
Improved system capacity and coverage
Cost-reduction.

3GPP Long Term Evolution - the next generation of wireless

cellular technology beyond 3G
Initiative taken by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project
in 2004
Introduced in Release 8 of 3GPP
Mobile systems likely to be deployed by 2010
26

LTE Network Architecture

UMTS 3G: UTRAN

EPC

GGSN

MME
S-GW / P-GW

MME
S-GW / P-GW

SGSN

RNC

RNC
eNB

eNB
eNB

NB

NB

NB

NB

UMTS : Universal Mobile Telecommunications System

UTRAN : Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network
GGSN : Gateway GPRS Support Node
GPRS: General Packet Radio Service
SGSN : Serving GPRS Support Node
RNC: Radio Network Controller
NB: Node B

eNB
E-UTRAN

EPC ; Evolved Packet Core

MME : Mobility Management Entity
S-GC : Serving Gateway
P-GW : PDN Gateway
PDN : Packet Data Network
eNB : E-UTRAN Node B / Evolved Node B
E-UTRAN ; Evolved-UTRAN

27

Simplified LTE network elements and interfaces

3GPP TS 36.300 Figure 4: Overall Architecture
EPC

MME
S-GW / P-GW

MME
S-GW / P-GW

S1

eNB

eNB

X2
eNB

eNB
E-UTRAN

EPC ; Evolved Packet Core

MME : Mobility Management Entity
S-GC : Serving Gateway
P-GW : PDN Gateway
PDN : Packet Data Network
eNB : E-UTRAN Node B / Evolved Node B
E-UTRAN ; Evolved-UTRAN

eNB = All radio interface-related functions

MME = Manages mobility, UE identity, and
security parameters.
S-GW = Node that terminates the interface
towards E-UTRAN.
P-GW = Node that terminates the interface
towards PDN

Simple Architecture
Flat IP-Based Architecture
Reduction in latency and cost
Split between EPC and E-UTRAN
Compatibility with 3GPP and non-3GPP
technologies

28

Specifying LTE: LTE Development Lifecycle

29

LTE Overview

3GPP R8 solution for the next 10 years

Peaks rates: DL 100Mbps with OFDMA, UL 50Mbps with SC-FDMA
Latency for Control-plane < 100ms, for User-plane < 5ms
Optimised for packet switched domain, supporting VoIP
Scaleable RF bandwidth between 1.25MHz to 20MHz
200 users per cell in active state
Supports MBMS multimedia services
Uses MIMO multiple antenna technology
Optimised for 0-15km/h mobile speed and support for up-to 120-350 km/h
No soft handover, Intra-RAT handovers with UTRAN
Simpler E-UTRAN architecture: no RNC, no CS domain, no DCH

30

Quiz 1
LTE is introduced
on
Release 7
or
Release 8?
31

3GPP architecture evolution towards flat architecture

Release 6

Release 7
Direct Tunnel

GGSN
SGSN

Release 7
Direct Tunnel and
RNC in NB

GGSN
SGSN

RNC
NB

Control Plane

GGSN
SGSN

Release 8
SAE and LTE

SAE GW
MME

RNC

RNC
NB

NB

User Plane

eNB

32

Protocol
eNB

E-UTRAN

Inter Cell RRM

MME

RB Cont.

NAS Security

EPC

Connection Mobility Cont.

Idle State Mobility Handling

Radio Admission Cont.

EPS Bearer Cont.

eNB Measurement
Configuration & Provision
Dynamic Resource
Allocation (Scheduler)

SAE GW

RRC

S-GW
PDCP

RLC
MAC

Mobile Anchoring

S1

UE IP Address
Allocation
Packet Filtering

PHY
RRM : Radio Resource Management
RB : Radio Bearer
RRC: Radio Resource Control
PDCP : Packet Data Convergence Protocol
RLC : Radio Link Control
MAC : Medium Access Control
PHY : Physical Layer

P-GW

NAS : Non Access Stratum

EPS : Evolved Packet System
UE : User Equipment
IP : Internet Protocol

Interne
t

33

LTE / SAE

LTE has been designed to support only packet switched services, in

contrast to the circuit-switched model of previous cellular systems.

LTE aims to provide seamless Internet Protocol (IP) connectivity between

User Equipment (UE) and the Packet Data Network (PDN), without any
disruption to the end users applications during mobility.

The term LTE encompasses the evolution of the radio access through the
Evolved-UTRAN(E-UTRAN), it is accompanied by an evolution of the nonradio aspects under the term System Architecture Evolution (SAE) which
includes the Evolved Packet Core (EPC) network. Together LTE and SAE
comprise the Evolved Packet System (EPS).
EPS = EPC + E-UTRAN

34

System Architecture Evolution

SAE is a study within 3GPP targeting at the evolution of the
overall system architecture.

Objective is to develop a framework for an evolution or

migration of the 3GPP system to :
a higher-data-rate,
lower-latency,
packet optimized system

that supports multiple radio access technologies.

The focus of this work is on the PS domain with the
assumption that voice services are supported in this domain".
This study includes the vision of an all-IP network.
35

Why LTE/SAE?
Packet Switched data is becoming more and more dominant
VoIP is the most efficient method to transfer voice data
Need for PS optimised system
Amount of data is continuously growing
Need for higher data rates at lower cost
Users demand better quality to accept new services
High quality needs to be quaranteed

> Alternative solution for non-3GPP technologies (WiMAX)

needed
> LTE will enhance the system to satisfy these requirements.

36

LTE technical objectives and

architecture
User throughput [/MHz]:
Downlink: 3 to 4 times Release 6 HSDPA
Uplink: 2 to 3 times Release 6 Enhanced Uplink

Downlink Capacity: Peak data rate of 100 Mbps in 20 MHz

maximum bandwidth
Uplink capacity: Peak data rate of 50 Mbps in 20 MHz
maximum bandwidth
Latency: Transition time less than 5 ms in ideal conditions
(user plane), 100 ms control plane (fast connection setup)

37

 Mobility: Optimised for low speed but

supporting 120 km/h
Most data users are less mobile!

Simplified architecture: Simpler E-UTRAN

architecture: no RNC, no CS domain, no DCH
Scalable bandwidth: 1.25MHz to 20MHz:
Deployment possible in GSM bands.

38

Protocol
eNB

E-UTRAN

Inter Cell RRM

MME

RB Cont.

NAS Security

EPC

Connection Mobility Cont.

Idle State Mobility Handling

Radio Admission Cont.

EPS Bearer Cont.

eNB Measurement
Configuration & Provision
Dynamic Resource
Allocation (Scheduler)

SAE GW

RRC

S-GW
PDCP

RLC
MAC

Mobile Anchoring

S1

UE IP Address
Allocation
Packet Filtering

PHY
RRM : Radio Resource Management
RB : Radio Bearer
RRC: Radio Resource Control
PDCP : Packet Data Convergence Protocol
RLC : Radio Link Control
MAC : Medium Access Control
PHY : Physical Layer

P-GW

Internet
NAS : Non Access Stratum
EPS : Evolved Packet System
UE : User Equipment
IP : Internet Protocol
39

EPS Network Elements

S6a

S1-MME

LTE-Uu

Gx
MME

S1-U

S-GW

S5 / S8

eNB
UE

E-UTRAN

Rx

P-GW

SGi

Operators
IP Services
(e.g. IMS, PSS,
etc,)

EPC

UE, E-UTRAN and EPC together represent the Internet Protocol (IP) Connectivity Layer.
This part of the system is also called the Evolved Packet System (EPS).
The main function of this layer is to provide IP based connectivity, and it is highly optimized for that
purpose only.
All services will be offered on top of IP, and circuit switched nodes and interfaces seen in earlier
3GPP architectures are not present in E-UTRAN and EPC at all.
IP technologies are also dominant in the transport, where everything is designed to be operated on
40
top of IP transport.

System architecture for E-UTRAN only network

41

Services

The IP Multimedia Sub-System

(IMS) is a good example of service
machinery that can be used in the
Services Connectivity Layer to
provide services on top of the IP
connectivity provided by the
lower layers.
For example, to support the voice
service, IMS can provide Voice
over IP (VoIP) and
interconnectivity to legacy circuit
switched networks PSTN and
ISDN through Media Gateways it
controls.
42

Video
Why IMS?

43

EPC

One of the big architectural changes in the

core network area is that the EPC does
not contain a circuit switched domain, and
no direct connectivity to traditional circuit
switched networks such as ISDN or PSTN
is needed in this layer.

Functionally the EPC is equivalent to the packet

switched domain of the existing 3GPP networks.
Significant changes in the arrangement of functions
and most nodes and the architecture in this part
should be considered to be completely new.
SAE GW represents the combination of the two
gateways, Serving Gateway (S-GW) and Packet Data
Network Gateway (P-GW) defined for the UP
handling in EPC.
Implementing them together as the SAE GW
represents one possible deployment scenario, but
the standards define the interface between them,
and all operations have also been specified for
when they are separate.
The Basic System Architecture Configuration and its
functionality are documented in 3GPP TS 23.401.
We will learn the operation when the S5/S8
interface uses the GTP protocol. However, when
the S5/S8 interface uses PMIP, the functionality for
these interfaces is slightly different, and the Gxc
interface also is needed between the Policy and
Charging Resource Function (PCRF) and S-GW.

44

E-UTRAN

The development in E-UTRAN is

concentrated on one node, the
evolved Node B (eNodeB).

All radio functionality is collapsed

there, i.e. the eNodeB is the
termination point for all radio
related protocols.

As a network, E-UTRAN is simply

a mesh of eNodeBs connected to
neighbouring eNodeBs with the
X2 interface.

45

User Equipment

Functionally the UE is a platform for communication

applications, which signal with the network for
setting up, maintaining and removing the
communication links the end user needs.
This includes mobility management functions such as
handovers and reporting the terminals location, and
in these the UE performs as instructed by the
network.

UE is the device that the end user uses for

communication.
Typically it is a hand held device such as a smart
phone or a data card such as those used
currently in 2G and 3G, or it could be
embedded, e.g. to a laptop.
UE also contains the Universal Subscriber
Identity Module (USIM) that is a separate
module from the rest of the UE, which is often
called the Terminal Equipment (TE).
USIM is an application placed into a removable
smart card called the Universal Integrated
Circuit Card (UICC).
USIM is used to identify and authenticate the
user and to derive security keys for protecting
the radio interface transmission.
Maybe most importantly, the UE provides the
user interface to the end user so that
applications such as a VoIP client can be used to
set up a voice call.
46

Logical High Level Architecture

for The Evolved System
GERAN

GB
GPRS Core

UTRAN

Iu

SGSN

Rx+

S4
S6

S7

S3

Operators
IP Services
(e.g. IMS, PSS,
etc,)

IASA
eNB

eNB
eNB
eNB
Evolved RAN (LTE)

S1

MME
3GPP
SAE S2b
UPE S5a anchor S5b anchor
S2a
EPC (SAE)
EPDG
Trusted non 3GPP
IP Access

SGi
WLAN 3GPP
IP Access

WLAN
Access Network

EPS uses the concept of EPS bearers to route IP traffic from a gateway in the
PDN to the UE.
A bearer is an IP packet flow with a defined Quality of Service (QoS) between
the gateway and the UE.
The E-UTRAN and EPC together set up and release bearers as required by
47
applications.

SAE Bearer Model

48

QoS parameters for QCI

49

System architecture for 3GPP access networks

50

Interfaces and Protocols

in Basic System Architecture Configuration
CP protocols related to a UEs connection to a PDN. The
interfaces from a single MME are shown in two parts, the one
on top showing protocols towards the E-UTRAN and UE, and
the bottom one showing protocols towards the gateways.
Those protocols that are shown in white background are
developed by 3GPP, while the protocols with light grey
background are developed in IETF, and represent standard
internet technologies that are used for transport in EPS. 3GPP
has only defined the specific ways of how these protocols are
used.

51

LTE Protocol Stacks (UE and eNB)

RRC: Radio Resource Control

Control-Plane

User-Plane

PDCP : Packet Data Convergence Protocol

RLC : Radio Link Control

L3

RRC

MAC : Medium Access Control

PHY : Physical Layer

Radio Bearers

L2

PDCP

RLC

Logical Channels
MAC

Transport Channels

L1

PHY:

Physical Channels
Physical Signals
52

Control plane protocol stack in EPS

The topmost layer in the CP is the Non-Access Stratum (NAS), which consists
of two separate protocols that are carried on direct signaling transport
between the UE and the MME.
The content of the NAS layer protocols is not visible to the eNodeB, and the
eNodeB is not involved in these transactions by any other means, besides
transporting the messages, and providing some additional transport layer
53
indications along with the messages in some cases.

NAS layer protocols

The NAS layer protocols are:
EPS Mobility Management (EMM): The EMM protocol is responsible for handling
the UE mobility within the system. It includes functions for attaching to and
detaching from the network, and performing location updating in between. This is
called Tracking Area Updating (TAU), and it happens in idle mode. Note that the
handovers in connected mode are handled by the lower layer protocols, but the
EMM layer does include functions for re-activating the UE from idle mode. The UE
initiated case is called Service Request, while Paging represents the network
initiated case. Authentication and protecting the UE identity, i.e. allocating the
temporary identity GUTI to the UE are also part of the EMM layer, as well as the
control of NAS layer security functions, encryption and integrity protection.
EPS Session Management (ESM): This protocol may be used to handle the bearer
management between the UE and MME, and it is used in addition for E-UTRAN
bearer management procedures. Note that the intention is not to use the ESM
procedures if the bearer contexts are already available in the network and EUTRAN procedures can be run immediately. This would be the case, for example,
when the UE has already signaled with an operator affiliated. Application Function
in the network, and the relevant information has been made available through the
PCRF.
54

User plane protocol stack in EPS

The UP includes the layers below the end user IP, i.e. these protocols form the
Layer 2 used for carrying the end user IP packets.
The protocol structure is very similar to the CP.
This highlights the fact that the whole system is designed for generic packet
data transport, and both CP signaling and UP data are ultimately packet
data. Only the volumes are different.
55

Summary of interfaces and protocols in Basic

System Architecture configuration

56

Agenda
INTRODUCTION
Is LTE a 4G technology?
Specifying LTE
TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW
OFDM
Advanced antenna systems
System Architecture Evolution
Rollout problems
Competing technologies to LTE
Standardization of LTE

BANDWIDTH UTILISATION
TDD & FDD
Capacity requirements
Candidate bands
The need for harmonized spectrum
New bands needed
Spectrum neutrality

THE BUSINESS CASE

LTE Pros and Cons
New Applications
LTE home femtocells
Lower Costs
Benefits of all-IP infrastructure
HSPA as an alternative to LTE

57

LTE Physical Layer

Enables exchange of data & control info between eNB and UE
and also transport of data to and from higher layers
Functions performed include error detection, FEC, MIMO
antenna processing, synchronization, etc.
It consists of Physical Signals and Physical Channels
Physical Signals are used for system synchronization, cell
identification and channel estimation.
Physical Channels for transporting control, scheduling and
user payload from the higher layers
OFDMA in the DL, SC-FDMA in the UL
LTE supports FDD and TDD modes of operation

58

Channel Mapping
DTCH

PCCH

BCCH CCCH DCCH

MTCH

MCCH

PCH

BCH

DL-SCH

MCH

PDSCH

PBCH

PMCH

PDCCH

Downlink

Logical
Channels

Transport
Channels
(MAC)

CCCH DCCH

RACH

DTCH

UL-SCH

Physical
PRACH PUSCH PUCCH
Channels
(L1)
Uplink
59

DL Signals

LTE Physical Signals

PSCH

Primary Synchronization
Signals

Used for cell search and identification by the

UE.
Carries part of cell ID (one of three orthogonal
sequences).

SSCH

Secondary Synchronization
Signals

Used for cell search and identification by the

UE.
Carries the remainder of cell ID (one of 168
binary sequences).

RS

Reference Signal
(Pilot)

Used for DL channels estimation.

Extract sequence derived from cell ID (one of 3
X 168 504 pseudo random sequences)

UL Signals
RS

Used for synchronization and UP channels

Reference Signal
estimations.
(Demodulation and Sounding)

60

LTE Physical Channels

DL Channels
PBCH

Physical broadcast channel

PMCH Physical multicast channel

Carries cell-specific information

Carries the MCH transport channel

PDCCH Physical downlink control channel Scheduling, ACK, NACK

PDSCH Physical downlink shared channel Payload
control format indicator Defines number of PDCH OFDMA symbols
PCFICH Physical
channel
per sub-frame (1, 2, or 3)

hybrid ARQ indicator

PHICH Physical
channel

Carries HARQ ACK/NACK

UL Channels
PRACH Physical random access channel

Call setup

PUCCH Physical uplink control channel

Scheduling, ACK, NACK

PUSCH Physical uplink shared channel

Payload
61

LTE Transport Channels

Physical layer transport channels offer information transfer to
medium access control (MAC) and higher layers.
DL Channels
BCH
DL-SCH

Broadcast Channel
Downlink Shared Channel

PCH

Paging Channel

MCH

Multicast Channel

UL Channels
UL-SCH
RACH

Uplink Shared Channel

Random Access Channel
62

LTE Logical Channels

Logical channels are offered by the MAC layer.
Control Channels: Control-plane information
BCCH

Broadcast Control Channel

PCCH

Paging Control Channel

CCCH

Common Control Channel

MCCH

Multicast Control Channel

DCCH

Dedicated Control Channel

Traffic Channels: User-plane information

DTTCH

Dedicated Traffic Channel

MTCH

Multicast Traffic Channel

63

Major requirements for LTE

identified during study item phase in 3GPP

Higher peak data rates: 100 Mbps (downlink) and 50 Mbps (uplink)
Improved spectrum efficiency: 2-4 times better compared to 3GPP release 6
Improved latency:
Radio access network latency (user plane UE RNC - UE) below 10 ms
Significantly reduced control plane latency

Support of scalable bandwidth: 1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20 MHz

Support of paired and unpaired spectrum (FDD and TDD mode)
Support for interworking with legacy networks
Cost-efficiency:
Reduced CApital and OPerational EXpenditures (CAPEX, OPEX) including
backhaul
Cost-effective migration from legacy networks

A detailed summary of requirements has been captured in 3GPP TR 25.913

Requirements for Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA) and Evolved UTRAN (E-UTRAN).

64

3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE)

3GPP (LTE) is Adopting:

OFDMA in DL with 64QAM

All IP e2e Network
Channel BWs up to 20 MHz
Both TDD and FDD profiles
Flexible Access Network
Advanced Antenna Technologies
UL: Single-Carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA), (64QAM optional)

LTE is adopting technology & features already available with

Mobile WiMAX
Can expect similar long-term performance benefits and trade-offs

65

Comparing the End-to-End Network

LTE/SAE User Plane & Data Flow
Multiple layers, Many nodes and
proprietary protocols

Application

e.g. IP,
PPP

Relay

Relay
PDCP

PDCP

GTP - U

RLC

RLC

UDP/IP

MAC

MAC

L2

L1

L1

L1

UE/MS

LTE-Uu

e.g. IP,
PPP

E-UTRAN

GTP - U

GTP - U

GTP - U

UDP/IP

UDP/IP

L2

L2

L2

L1

L1

L1

UDP/IP

S1-U

Serving GW

S5

PDN GW

SGi

Mobile WiMAX User Plane & Data Flow

Based on simple IETF protocols, Fewer nodes & fewer
device requirements, Optimized for high speed data

Source: LTE/SAE: 3GPP, Mobile WiMAX: WiMAX Forum Network Specification Release 1.0

66

LTE: Not a Simple 3G Upgrade

LTE Represents a Major Upgrade from CDMABased HSPA (or EV-DO)

No longer a simple SW upgrade:
CDMA to OFDMA, represent different technologies
Circuit switched to IP e2e network

Also requires new spectrum to take full advantage

of wider channel BWs and
Requires dual-mode user devices for seamless
internetwork connectivity
67

Modulation

QPSK, 16 QAM and 64

QAM used for the
payload channels

(spectrally efficient)

BPSK and QPSK used

for the control

channels (Reliability
and coverage)

Adaptive modulation
and coding

68

Requirements to be met by LTE

Fast, Efficient, Cheap, Simple

Peak Data Rates

Spectrum efficiency
Reduced Latency
Mobility

Spectrum flexibility
Coverage
Low complexity and cost
Interoperability
Simple packet-oriented E-UTRAN architecture
69

Key LTE radio access features

LTE radio access: Multicarrier Technology

Downlink: OFDM
Uplink: SC-FDMA

OFDMA
SC-FDMA

Advanced antenna solutions: Multiple Antenna Technology

Diversity
Beam-forming
Multi-layer transmission (MIMO)

Three fundamental benefits of multiple antennas:

(a) diversity gain; (b) array gain; (c) spatial multiplexing gain.

TX

TX

70

Key LTE radio access features

Spectrum flexibility

1.4 MHz

20 MHz

Packet-Switched Radio Interface

1G

Flexible bandwidth
New and existing bands
Duplex flexibility: FDD and TDD

Analog

2G

Digital

3G

Packets

4G

True
Broadband

User Equipment Capabilities

71

Key Radio Technologies to Watch

Spectrum flexibility

Ultra-Wideband (UWB) range 1 meter

MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output)
Advanced Radio Chipsets for handsets and

dongles that incorporate MIMO

Adaptive Antenna Systems (AAS)
Smart networks (sector load balancing,
spatial/freq/time load balancing, selftuning, dynamic resource management)
Network MIMO & Heterogeneous
Deployment (Pico+Micro+Femto)
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex
(OFDM) < [xDSL, WiMAX, WiFi 802.11a,g;
LTE]
Spectrum Flexibility
Reconfigurable Radios (SDRs), Base
stations, and CPE
Cognitive radios

Flexibility in band-of-operation
Flexibility in bandwidth
Dynamic Spectrum Usage and Reconfigurable
radios and cognitive radios?
Flexibility in duplexing

TDD versus FDD

Source: IDC, Ericsson

Band X

Band Y

Band Z

20 MHz

+
FDD

TDD
fDL/UL

fDL
fUL
Paired spectrum

Unpaired spectrum

An SDR is a radio that includes a transmitter in which the

operating parameters of frequency range, modulation type
or maximum output power (either radiated or conducted)
can be altered by making a change in software without
making any changes to hardware components that affect
the radio frequency emissions
FCC Definition

72

Technology
Mobile Broadband speed evolution
Future LTE releases

LTE

True
Mobile
Broadband

HSPA+
Market impact
Peak rate
Typical user rate downlink
Typical user rate uplink

2009

2010

~2014

42 Mbps

~150 Mbps

~1000 Mbps

1-10 Mbps

10-100 Mbps

Operator dependent

0.5-4.5 Mbps

5-50 Mbps

Operator dependent

Excellent user and network experience

73

Video
Why LTE?

74

Agenda
INTRODUCTION
Is LTE a 4G technology?
Specifying LTE
TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW
OFDM
Advanced antenna systems
System Architecture Evolution
Rollout problems
Competing technologies to LTE
Standardization of LTE

BANDWIDTH UTILISATION
TDD & FDD
Capacity requirements
Candidate bands
The need for harmonized spectrum
New bands needed
Spectrum neutrality

THE BUSINESS CASE

LTE Pros and Cons
New Applications
LTE home femtocells
Lower Costs
Benefits of all-IP infrastructure
HSPA as an alternative to LTE

75

Evolution of UMTS FDD and TDD

driven by data rate and latency requirements

76

FDD Bands for 3GPP Technologies

77

FDD Frequency band

78

TDD Bands for 3GPP Technologies

79

LTE radio interface

New radio interface modulation: SC-FDMA UL and

OFDMA DL
Frequency division, TTI 1 ms
Scalable bandwidth 1.25-20MHz
TDD and FDD modes
UL/DL in either in same or in another frequncy

OFDMA has multiple orthogonal subcarries that can be

shared between users
quickly adjustable bandwith per user

SC-FDMA is technically similar to OFDMA but is better

suited for uplink from hand-held devices
Single carrier, time space multiplexing
Tx consumes less power

From Ericsson, H. Djuphammar

80

LTE/SAE Keywords

aGW Access Gateway

eNB

Evolved NodeB

EPC

Evolved Packet Core

E-UTRAN

Evolved UTRAN

IASA Inter-Access System Anchor

LTE

MMEMobility Management Entity

OFDMA

Ortogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access

SC-FDMA

Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access

SAE

System Architecture Evolution

UPE

User Plane Entity

Long Term Evolution of UTRAN

81

3GPP TR 23.401 / 25.813

Network Entities:
MME ID
eNB ID
TAI

Network:
PLMN
EPS ID

LTE/SAE
Network
Identifiers

EUTRAN:

UE:

E-UTRAN
C-RNTI
RA-RNTI

IMEI
IMSI
S-TMSI

PLMN Public Land Mobile Network

EPS Evolved Packet System
MME Mobility Management Entity
eNBE-UTRAN Node B
TAI -Tracking Area ID
E-UTRAN Evolved Universal Radio Access
Network
C-RNTI Cell Radio Network Temporary
Identifier
RA-RNTI Random Access RNTI
UE User Equipment
IMEI International Mobile Equipment
Identity
IMSI International Mobile Subscriber
Identity
S-TMSI SAE Temporary Mobile Subscriber
Identity
82

System architecture evolution

83

RAN interfaces

X2 interface between eNBs for

handovers
Handover in 10 ms
No soft handovers
Interfaces using IP over
E1/T1/ATM/Ethernet /
Load sharing in S1
S1 divided to S1-U (to UPE) and
S1-C (to CPE)
Single node failure has limited
effects

S1
eNB

aGW
X2
S8
eNB
aGW

X2

eNB

84

SAE architecture
[3GPP TS 23.401]
GERAN

Iu

UTRAN

PCRF

HSS

Gb

GPRS Core

S6

Rx+

S7
X1

S3

eNB

X1

X2

S1

MME UPE

S4

S11

SAE
GW

S5

PDN
SAE GW

SGi

Operator IP
services
(including IMS,
PSS, ...)

aGW
Evolved Packet Core

S2

eNB
Non-3GPP IP
Access
Evolved RAN
85

SAE architechture
[3GPP TS 23.401]
TBD
HSS

PCRF

S1

S7

S6a

eNB

S11

TBD

aGW

S5

PDN
SAE GW

SAE GW

X2
IASA

S8

SGi
eNB

S11
aGW

TBD

Operator IP
service, including
IMS

eNB

Evolved RAN

aGW = MME/UPE
86

Quiz 2
What is the LTE interface to
communicate with
your GSM / 3G Network
?
87

Functions
eNB
Inter Cell RRM

RB Cont.

aGW

Connection Mobility Cont.

Control Plane

Radio Admission Cont.

SAE Bearer Control

eNB Measurement
Configuration & Provision

MME Entity

Dynamic Resource
Allocation (Scheduler)

RRC

User Plane

PDCP

RLC
MAC

S1

PDCP
User Plane

PHY
RRM : Radio Resource Management
RB : Radio Bearer
RRC: Radio Resource Control
PDCP : Packet Data Convergence Protocol
RLC : Radio Link Control
MAC : Medium Access Control
PHY : Physical Layer

88

LTE Control Plane

UE

eNB

aGW

NAS

NAS

RRC

RRC

PDCP

PDCP

RLC

RLC

MAC

MAC

PHY

PHY

S1

LTE User Plane

UE

eNB

aGW

IP

IP

PDCP

PDCP

RLC

RLC

MAC

MAC

PHY

PHY

S1

89

GTP-U tunneling
Header compression
& encryption

UE

X1

eNB

UPE

S1

S11

SAE GW S5

PDN

SGi

Server

SAE GW
Application

Application

TCP/UDPu

IPv6/v4

PDCP
RLC

TCP/UDP
ENC
PDCP GTP-U
RLC
MAC UDP

MAC

Radio L1

Radio
L1

IPv6/v4
GTP-U GTP-U

GTP-U GTP-U

GTP-U

UDP

UDP

UDP

UDP

UDP

IP

IP

IP

IP

IP

IP

L2

L2

L2

L2

L2

L2

L1

L1

L1

L1

L1

L1

L2

L2

L2

L1

L1

L1

90

Non-3GPP access tunneling

Server

PDN

AP

UE

S2

WLAN

SAE GW
HA

SGi
Application

TCP/UDP

IPv4/6

IPv4/6

MIP
UDP

MIP
UDP

IP

IP

L2

L2

L2

L1

L1

L1

IP

IP

IP

IP

L2

L2

L2

L2

L1

L1

L1

L1

IPv6/v4

91

FDD (left) and TDD (right) frequency bands defined in the 3GPP
(May 2009)

92

Downlink Transmission Scheme

The downlink transmission scheme for E-UTRA FDD and TDD
modes is based on conventional OFDM. In an OFDM system,
the available spectrum is divided into multiple carriers, called
sub-carriers, which are orthogonal to each other. Each of
these sub-carriers is independently modulated by a low rate
data stream.
OFDM is used as well in WLAN, WiMAX and broadcast
technologies like DVB. OFDM has several benefits including its
robustness against multipath fading and its efficient receiver
architecture.

93

Quiz 3
Which one is true
LTE is able to manage WiMAX
or
WiMAX is able to manage LTE
?

How?
94

OFDM
Single Carrier Transmission (e.g. WCDMA)

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing

95

OFDM signal generation chain

OFDM signal generation is based on Inverse Fast Fourier
Transform (IFFT) operation on transmitter side:

On receiver side, an FFT operation will be used.

96

Difference between OFDM and OFDMA

OFDM allocates users in time

domain only

OFDMA allocates users in time

and frequency domain

97

OFDMA time-frequency multiplexing

98

LTE spectrum flexibility

LTE physical layer supports any bandwidth from 1.4 MHz to 20 MHz in
steps of 180 kHz (resource block)
Current LTE specification supports a subset of 6 different system
bandwidths
All UEs must support the maximum bandwidth of 20 MHz

99

DL Physical Channel Processing

100

LTE frame structure type 1 (FDD), downlink

101

LTE frame structure type 2 (TDD)

102

Quiz 4
What is the most suitable
LTE for you
FDD (Type 1) or
TDD (Type 2)
?
103

UL Physical Channel Processing

104

Peak Rates for Downlink and Uplink over Time

105

LTE Actual Throughput Rates

Based on Conditions

106

Video
LTE: The Promise

107

 LTE doesnt fulfill the requirements of

IMT-Advanced
3GPP has also started work on LTEAdvanced, an evolution of LTE, as a
proposal to ITU-R for the development of
IMT Advanced.
LTE Advanced is envisioned to be the
first true 4G technology.
The requirement is defined so that a Release 8 based LTE
device can operate in the LTE-Advanced system and,
respectively, the Release 10 LTE Advanced device can access
the Release 8 LTE networks. Obviously a Release 9 terminal
would also be similarly accommodated. This could be covered,
for example, with the multicarrier type of alternative. The
mobility between LTE-Advanced needs to work with LTE as well
108
as GSM/EDGE, HSPA and cdma2000.

Requirements of

Peak data rates 1Gbps in DL and 500 Mbps in UL

Cell edge user data rates twice as high and average user throughput thrice
as high as in LTE
Peak spectrum efficiency DL: 30 bps/Hz, UL: 15 bps/Hz
Operate in flexible spectrum allocations up to 100 MHz and support
spectrum aggregation (as BW in DL >>20 MHz)
An LTE-Advanced capable network must appear as a LTE network for the
LTE UEs

Resource sharing between

LTE and LTE-Advanced

109

Technological proposals for

Larger BW can be used for
high date rates and more
coverage at cell edges
Advanced repeater
structures
Relaying for adaptive coding
based on link quality

Carrier aggregation and

Spectrum aggregation

Support asymmetric bandwidths

for LTE advanced
110

Specification
The ITU-R process aims for early 2011 completion of the ITU-R
specifications, which requires 3GPP to submit the first full set
of specifications around the end of 2010.
This is one of the factors shaping the Release 10 finalization
schedule, though officially the Release 10 schedule has not
yet been defined in 3GPP, but will be discussed further once
Release 9 work has progressed further.

111

Conclusion
3GPP Long Term Evolution has a large amount of potential to
become the technology of the future whose success will
definitely guarantee that 3GPP has a significant edge over all
its competitors.
With LTEAdvanced also adopting SC-FDMA as the uplink
technology, SC-FDMA seems to be an important future
technology and it is expected that the future would see a lot
of research activity in this field.

LTE and LTE Advanced together seem to be very promising in

fulfilling all the requirements set forth by ITU for IMT
Advanced
112

Agenda
INTRODUCTION
Is LTE a 4G technology?
Specifying LTE
TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW
OFDM
Advanced antenna systems
System Architecture Evolution
Rollout problems
Competing technologies to LTE
Standardization of LTE

BANDWIDTH UTILISATION
TDD & FDD
Capacity requirements
Candidate bands
The need for harmonized spectrum
New bands needed
Spectrum neutrality

THE BUSINESS CASE

LTE Pros and Cons
New Applications
LTE home femtocells
Lower Costs
Benefits of all-IP infrastructure
HSPA as an alternative to LTE

113

Source: ITU

114

Zimbabwe

Tunisia

South Africa

Rwanda

Morocco

Egypt

Algeria

Vietnam

Thailand

Philippines

Malaysia

Indonesia

India

China

Venezuela

Peru

Mexico

Dom Republic

Brazil

Germany

Luxembourg

France

United Kingdom

Sweden

Hong Kong

Norway

Korea

Switzerland

Finland

Netherlands

Iceland

Denmark

Broadband Subscribers per 100 Inhabitants

LTE and WiMAX: BB Penetration

40

High GDP per Capita Markets

35

30

25

Lower GDP per Capita Markets

20

15

10

LTE and WiMAX: Positioning

LTE
To address capacity pressure in 3G networks
Full mobility is the value proposition
Geared toward developed markets
Relevance to emerging markets not until 2015

To address underserved broadband connectivity

demand
Portability is the value proposition
Geared toward emerging markets
Relevant to emerging markets today

APEJ Subscribers

India: WiMAX Subscriber Growth

3,500

250,000
200,000
150,000
100,000
50,000
0

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Subscribers in 000s

300,000

Subscribers in
000s

WiMAX

3,000
2,500
2,000
1,500
1,000
500
0

3G

HSPA

Source: IDCs Asia/Pacific Mobile Wireless Tracker, 3Q08

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

Source: IDC Asia/Pacific, 2009

115

LTE; When & How?

116

Reduced Total Cost of Ownership

All-IP
architecture

Wider pipe
advantage
Self Organizing Networks
117

Total Cost of Ownership

118

LTE Deployment Scenario

119

LTE Spectrum Options

120

FemtoCell technology is part of the solution.

121

LTE FEMTO

122

Mobile Generations

Subscription forecast
10,000

GSM
WCDMA

1,000

LTE
Millions

100

Analog

10
1

3.9G

0.1

1G

2G

0.01

3G

0.001
81

83

85

87

89

91

93

95

97

99

01

03

05

07

09

11

13

123

Relative Adoption of Technologies

3.9G

3G

2G

Rysavy Research projection based on historical data.

124

Expected shorter time to market

125

LSTI - Taking LTE/SAE from Specification to Rollout

A viable Ecosystem is the key to success

126

Global LTE Commitments

25+ Operators in over 16 countries
Western Europe

North America
Aircell - USA
AT&T Mobility USA
Bell Canada - Canada
CenturyTel USA
Cox - USA
MetroPCS - USA
Rogers Wireless Canada
Telus - Canada
Verizon - USA
....
Asia-Pacific

Source. GSA March 2009

China Mobile - China

China Telecom - Chna
KDDI - Japan
KTF - South Korea
New Zealand Telecom - NZ
NTT DoCoMo - Japan
Piltel - Philippines
SK Telecom - South Korea
SmarTone-Vodafone - Hong
Kong
Telstra Australia
....

Hutchison 3 - Ireland
Orange - France
Telecom Italia - Italy
Telia Sonera - Sweden
Telia Sonera - Norway
T-Mobile Germany
...

127

Global LTE Commitments

Trials
Verizon Wireless 2009

TeliaSonera (Sweden, Norway) 2010

Telstra - 2009

Hutchison 3 (Ireland) 2011

MetroPCS 2010

T-Mobile 2011

CenturyTel 2010

Orange 2011

Aircell 2011

China Mobile 2011

Cox 2011

China Telecom 20112012

AT&T Mobility 2011

Telecom New Zealand 20112012

NTT DoCoMo 2010

SK Telecom (operates both CDMA EV-DO

and WCDMA/HSPA networks) TBD

KDDI 2010
Rogers Wireless 2010
TELUS 2010
Bell Canada 2010
Telecom New Zealand (operates both
CDMA EV-DO and WCDMA/HSPA networks)
2010

KT Freetel (operates both CDMA

EV-DO and WCDMA/HSPA networks)
TBD
Piltel TBD

SmarTone-Vodafone TBD

128

NGMN is built with strong industry consensus

A viable Ecosystem is the key to success

129

NGMN put into our context

130

Major NGMN Success Factors

131

Efficient backhauling a strategic investment

132

LTE Deployment Options

133

The reuse of existing 2G and 3G sites for NGMN will

keep site cost flat

134

2G and 3G Coexistence

135

Different Deployment Scenarios for LTE

136

Healthy Ecosystem is Critical

Business Models

Solutions that suits different needs

(mobile, fixed, broadcast, MVNO,

etc.), including support for legacy

solutions, reliable authentication

Industry Commitments

Maturity and openness, global

acceptance for best economics

of scale, effective

and data security, flexible and

standardization, clear evolution

reliable charging mechanisms,

path, and wide interoperability

enable control point to the

testing

investing party,

137

Trends
INDUSTRY TRENDS

HSPA data dominance

HSPA dominant mobile broadband
technology
GSM voice
LTE data expansion
New frequency bands
Laptops, high end phones
GSM voice
LTE volume creation
Global coverage bands
Laptops, high/mid end phones
LTE VoIP emerging
2G/3G replacement
Refarming 2G/3G bands for LTE
All categories, all price points

DEVICE TRENDS

Many vendors to offer commercial LTE

chipsets
First deployments on FDD bands
LTE FDD+TDD expected to become
the industry norm
USB modems and CPE open the
market
Smart media handsets, PDAs and
internet tablets to follow
Applicable also in voice centric low
cost devices
Consumer Electronics and
machine-to-machine to expand
market

138

Growing Consumer Trends Worldwide

Media Downloads

Video Streaming

Facebook

5
billion

54
million

Songs downloaded

unique monthly visitors

in January 2009

Google Search

You Tube

31
billion

100
million

daily

videos viewed / day

Skype

MySpace

~65
billion

200
million

minutes in 2008

users

VoIP

Instant Messenger

Online Gaming

Apple iTunes

Email

Social Networking

Search

Anytime, anywhere and on any device

139

Whats Happening in Mobile Internet World

-- Device Providers --

140

Radio capabilities in Nokia devices are evolving

and creating the next mainstream

142

Three user scenarios

Mobile
Work

Home
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Growth of New Broadband Services

and the Importance of Embedded Devices

Subscribers in 000s

60,000
50,000
40,000
30,000
20,000
10,000
0

2007

2008
WiMAX

2009
IPTV

2010

2011

2012

HSPA

Source: IDCs Fixed Line Tracker 1H08, Mobile Wireless Tracker, and Carrier Capex Tracker

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User Equipment Capabilities

1G

Analog

2G

Digital

3G

Packets

4G

True
Broadband

Support Spectrum flexibility

Flexible bandwidth
New and existing bands

1.4 MHz

20 MHz
145

Thank You
Floatway Learning Center Contact :
Lingga Wardhana
Phone : 08562893622
Email : lingga.wardhana@floatway.com
Floatway Systems
Cipinang Elok 2 Blok BJ No 2C
Jakarta Timur
Phone : (+62 21) 85911547
Fax : (+62 21) 85911547
www.floatway.com

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