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SWITCH
ROUTER
Frames Contain the MAC Address of the NIC to which data is being
sent
Frames have the MAC Address of the network card that sent the
data
Frames contains the data
Frames contains a data check called CRC to verify that the
received data is in good order
Versions
a. 10 Base T 10 Mbps
b. 100 Base T 100 Mbps
c. 1000 Base T 1000 Mbps (Gigabit Ethernet)
*All versions of the Ethernet use star bus topology and is
connected using a UTP Cable.
18. Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) Cable The cable used for general
networking
19. Shielded Twisted Pair (STP) Cable The type of networking cable
used for EMI (Electro Magnetic Interference)-Sensitive Areas
20. Coaxial Cable/Coax A type of cable that contains a center
conductor made of copper surrounded by a plastic jacket with a
braided shield over it. The thicker the copper, the farther a
signal can travel
Coax RG Types
RG #
RG-6
POPULAR NAME
ETHERNET
IMPLEMENTAT
ION
N/A
Solid Copper
10Base5
Solid Copper
Solid Copper
Stranded
Copper
Slid Copper
RG-8
Satellite/Cable
TV, Cable Modems
Thicknet
RG-58 U
RG-58 AU
N/A
Thinnet
None
10Base2
RG-59
Cable Television
N/A
TYPE OF CABLE
MAX
SEGMENT
DISTANCE
500
Meters
185
Meters
Types of Cabling
a. Plenum Used in plenum spaces or high-heat areas
b. PVC Cabling Used by standard network cables
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CORE
BUFFER (JACKET)
COATING
CLADDING
38. Default Gateway The IP Address of the LAN Side of your router.
This is the address your computer uses to send data to anything
outside your Network ID.
39. Domain Name Server (DNS) Keeps databases of IP addresses and
their corresponding names
Example:
209.34.45.163 is http://www.totalsem.com
WEBSITE
SETUP
PAY DNS
SERVER
DNS IS
REGISTERED TO
DNS NAME
(WEBSITE)
BROADCAST
A DHCP
REQUEST
DHCP
PROVIDES IP
INFO
CREATES NEW
USER
ACCOUNTS ON
THE DOMAIN
CONTROLLER
EACH
COMPUTER
JOINS THE
DOMAIN
c. Homegroup
Available in Windows 7 only
Shares Windows 7 Libraries (files, printers and
not folders)
Connects a group of computers using a common
password
Each computer can only be in one homegroup at a
time
Can be found in Control Panel as an Applet
All Homegroup data is encrypted between systems
Can be accessed from Windows Explorer
To create a Homegroup:
HOMEGROUP APPLET CREATE HOMEGROUP
SELECT FILES TO SHARE SAVE THE PASSWORD
To share individual folder:
Right click folder SHARE WITH select
HOMEGROUP
Sharing a Folder:
Right click folder SHARE WITH SPECIFIC PEOPLE File
Sharing Dialog Box Appears
Permissions
a. Read Can open files in the folder but cant save
anything
b. Read/Write Open and save files into the folder
c. Owner Read, Write and set permissions for other users
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Goal of Networking
- To connect computers so that they can share resources or
access other shared resources
Network Sharing Requirement
a. Hardware Cables, NIC, routers, etc.
b. Addressing Method
c. Method of sharing resource & accessing those shared
resources
Cabling Tools
a. Crimper used to put connectors on the end of a cable. It
can strip and snip wires as well as crimp the connector onto
the end.
b. Multimeter Measures voltage, current and resistance on a
wire
c. Toner Probe used to trace a wire in a wall from one
location to another
d. Cable Tester used to determine is a networking cable is
working
e. Loopback Plug used for testing the ability of the NIC to
send/receive. This is mostly software-assisted
f. Punch-Down Tool used to connect the exposed end of a wire
into a wiring harness (i.e. 110 Block) to help simplify the
tangled mess of cables.
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Networking Components
Connectivity Devices Special class of networking devices that
allow communications to break the boundaries of local network
Modem Transmits data up to 56Kbps; requires phone line
Access Points is any point that allows a user on to a network
Hubs Device used to link several computers together. It broadcasts
signal that comes in at one port.
Bridges Joins similar topologies and are used to divide network
segments into multiple collision domains. It also isolates
network traffic from entering a segment when there are no
recipients on that segment. Bridges only deal with MAC Addresses;
unable to move data across multiple network simultaneously.
Switches Provides a centralized connectivity as hubs. It examines
the layer 2 header of the incoming packet and forwards it
properly to the right port and only that port.
Routers connects multiple network types and determines the best path
for sending data. It can route packets across multiple networks
and use routing tables to store network addresses to determine
the best destination.
Routers break up broadcast domains which mean
that a router cannot broadcast data to another
network. It is typically used to connect one LAN
to another and when a WAN is setup, at least two
routers are used.
Auxiliary Devices Devices that adds in features outside of
connectivity that can help users with their daily tasks and
protect them from malicious attacks
Network-Attached Storage (NAS) A specialized computer that
acts as a hard drive directly attached to the network. It
acts as a file server and may have additional services like
backups.
Firewall A hardware or software solution that serves as
the networks security guard.
Voice Over Internet Protocol (VoIP) Phones a technology
that delivers voice communications over the internet (and
some can send data like photo, video, etc)
Internet Appliance a specialized hardware that exists
solely to connect to the internet. This are intended lowcost replacement for laptops and mobile devices but these
devices are now obsolete.
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