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& ATTEMPORATORS
DESUPERHEATERS &
ATTEMPORATORS
Conventional, Spillback and Steam Atomising
ABOUT DESUPERHEATERS
The Desuperheaters have been designed with
the aim of reducing plant maintenance by
manufacturing a unit that is easy to install,
lightweight, and has no moving parts.
All units are designed and manufactured in
accordance with ISO 9001 and PED quality
approval systems.
Both desuperheating and attemporating are processes
where water is added to superheated steam to control the
temperature to a set value.
Petrochemical
Power generation
Pulp and paper
l
l
Sugar
DEFINITIONS
Desuperheaters:
Used to reduce the temperature of superheated steam to a pre-determined set point within 10C of the saturation
point of the steam.
Common Usage
Attemporators:
Used to reduce the temperature of the superheated steam to a pre-determined set point - where the steam is still
superheated.
Common Usage
:
Desuperheater Turndown:
The ratio of the maximum to minimum amount of water required to be added to the system in order to achieve the
required set point temperature over the entire range of operating conditions.
Key features
Key benefits
CONVENTIONAL
Lightweight
Reduced maintenance
Robust design
Long lasting
Turndown of up to 3:1
DESUPERHEATERS
Lightweight
Turndown of 10:1
No moving parts in the steam flow
Reduced maintenance
1 C of set point
Best used where high turndown is required
in small units
Water not required can be returned to a low
pressure sump etc. for re-use in the plant
STEAM ATOMISING
DESUPERHEATERS
Lightweight
No damage of steam piping
flows
Compact in design
Reduced maintenance
ABOUT DESUPERHEATERS
CONVENTIONAL DESUPERHEATERS
Where an application has small variations in steam flow, the ideal unit to use is
a fixed nozzle desuperheater. This system works by feeding spraywater (normally
feedwater) to a nozzle through a control valve.
The control valve will receive a signal from the temperature controller indicating
the demand for spraywater required to achieve set point temperature. This water is
injected through the nozzle into the main steam line, thus reducing the temperature of
the steam. The use of high pressure water ensures that there is suitable atomisation
of the water which will be absorbed by the steam.
The limitation of these units is, that as the requirement for water is reduced, the
spraywater control valve closes, reducing the pressure at the nozzle. Since the nozzle
is only effective in atomising the water with a high water pressure, the result is poor
temperature control and excessive water in the lines which can cause cracking.
SPILLBACK DESUPERHEATERS
Spillback Desuperheaters ensure that the full spraywater pressure is available at
the nozzles at all times. This is done by feeding the water directly to the nozzle and
installing a Spraywater Control Valve on the outlet of the unit to control the return of
the water not required by the process away from the nozzles. As the valve closes,
more water is directed into the steam.
Advantages
Conventional*
Venturi
Valve
Combination
Spillback*
Steam
Atomising*
Mutli-Nozzle
Variable
Orifice
Compact
Simple
Compact
Compact
Compact
Suitable for
Desuperheating
Ease of
Long lasting
installation
Lightweight
Ease of
installation
large sizes
occurs in body
Compact
- no thermal
Good turndown
liners required
No moving parts
evaporation
No pressure
No moving
Long lasting
length
parts
Good turndown
Good turndown
Good control
Disadvantages Needs high
Additional
Needs high
Can only be
pressure water
valve required
pressure water
installed in
steam line
for flow
for HP steam
vertical line
above)
Heavy, difficult
turbulance
above)
injection
above)
Moving parts in
to install
Larger valve is
Can be a waste
Moving parts
extremely low
Poor turndown
required
of high pressure
turndown
Expensive
Expensive
water
Expensive
Possible
At low flow
Poor
Thermal
Return water
problems
requirement,
temperature
cracking of the
Needs high
Needs high
May be noisy
Maintenance of
Valve subject to
moving parts
thermal shock
valve body
Body cracking
flow conditions
Thermal
cracking of
pipeline
Best
Low turndown
Small units
Small units
Small units
Large units
applications
applications
with medium
with high
high turndown
spray water
is essential
and
turndown
turndown
requirements
pressure is
Desuperheater
requirements
requirements
where high
available
Turndown
3:1
7:1
are required to
pressure water
be in one unit
is available
10:1
10:1
30:1
* = Offered by Spirax-Mitech
100:1
100:1