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BAHASA INGGRIS
(KELAS XI MIA 5-6, XI IIS 1-2)
NAMA
NPM
Meaning
To have to
Expressing
100 % obligation
Example
I must stop when the traffic lights
turn red.
Must
to be very probable
logical conclusion
He must be very tired after such
(deduction)
enormous work
not to be allowed to
prohibition
You must not smoke in the
must not
hospital.
to be able to
Ability
I can swim
Can
to be allowed to
permission
Can I use your phone please?
it is possible
possibility
Smoking can cause cancer !
to be able to
ability in the past
When I was younger I could stay
up all night and not get tired..
Could
to be allowed to
more polite permission Excuse me, could I just say
something?
it is possible
possibility
It could rain tomorrow!
to be allowed to
Permission
May I use your phone please?
May
it is possible, probable possibility, probability It may rain tomorrow!
to be allowed to
more polite permission Might I use your phone please?
it is possible, probable weak possibility,
I might come and visit you in
Might
probability
America next year, if I can save
enough money.
Need
Necessary
Necessity
Need I say more?
not necessary
lack of
I need not buy any tomatoes.
need not
necessity/absence of
There are plenty in the fridge.
obligation
should/ought used to say or ask what 50 % obligation
I should / ought to see a doctor. I
to
is the correct or best
have a terrible headache.
thing to do
to suggest an action or
to show that it is
necessary
to be very probable
had better
to suggest an action or
to show that it is
necessary
Advice
logical conclusion
(deduction)
Advice
The modal verbs are:CAN / COULD / MAY / MIGHT / MUST / SHALL / SHOULD /
OUGHT TO / WILL / WOULD
Modal
Can
Example
They can control their own budgets.
We cant fix it.
Uses
Ability / Possibility
Inability / Impossibility
11. You want to make a telephone call. Youre in a store and have to use a pay phone but you
dont have any change. All you have is Rp. 5,000, you ask a clerk for a change.
12. Youre at a restaurant. Youve finished your meal and are ready to leave. You ask the
writer for the check.
13. You call you bosss house. His name is Mr. Smith. You want to talk to him. His wife
answers the phone.
14. Youre giving a dinner party. Your guests have just arrived. You want to get them
something to drink.
15. Your guests have arrived. You want them to sit down.
16. youre in the middle of the city. Youre lost. Youre trying to find the bust station. You
stop someone on the street to ask for directions.
17. You call the airport. You want to know what ime Flight 62 arrives.
18. Youre in the department store. You find a sweater that you like but you cant find the
price tag. You ask the clerk to tell you how it costs.
C. must
D. may be
E. can
2.
3.
4.
The students wish their teacher had come on time two days ago.
5.
6.
7.
Tono wishes he had not been late to attend the class yesterday.
8.
9.
She wishes her husband had not drunk whiskey two days ago.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
Mr. Supri wishes I had not parked my motor cycle here yesterday.
2. Sorry bro. I was sick last night therefore I didnt come to your party.
a)
b)
c)
d)
3. Tommy and Tono couldnt play football because they had an exam.
a)
b)
c)
d)
Tommy and Tono couldnt play football as if they had had an exam.
Tommy and Tono could have played football if they didnt have an exam.
Tommy and Tono could play football if they didnt have an exam.
Tommy and Tono could have played football if they hadnt had an exam.
c) help
d) didnt help
c. has done
d. would do
c. doesnt drive
d. drove
c. had got up
d. dont get up
c. if i meet her
d. if i didnt meet her
c. would answer
d. wouldnt answer
c. will get
d. had got
c. would have
23. If they .... machines, they would have finished much sooner.
a.used
b.have used
c.had used
24. Would you be surprised if it .... next summer?
a.snowed
b.had snowed
c.snows
25. If I .... him, I would start having driving lessons.
a.had been
b. were
c.have been
26. If we.... to Dresden, it will be a fantastic trip.
a. cycle b. cycles c. cycled
27. I .... the school bus if I don't get up early.
a. will miss b. would miss
28. Harriet would stay longer in Vienna if she .... more time.
a. has b. had
29. She .... the people in Peru if she bought her coffee beans in this shop.
a. will support b. would support
30. If I don't see Claire today, I .... her this evening.
a. will phone b. would phone
31. If Carlos .... sailing, he'll need a life-jacket.
a. go b. goes c. would go
32. If my brother .... his car here, the traffic warden would give him a ticket.
a. park b. parks c. parked
33. You'll catch a cold if you .... a pullover.
a. dont wear b. doesnt wear c. didnt wear
34. If you drink more of this sweet lemonade, you .... sick.
a. will get b.would get
35. If Marcus sings under the shower, I .... the radio up to full volume.
a. will turn up b. would turn up
36. If I .... to Leipzig, I'll visit the zoo.
a. go
b. went
c. had gone
37. If it .... , we'd be in the garden.
a. doesnt rain b. didnt rain c. hadnt rain
38. If you .... a lighter jacket, the car driver would have seen you earlier.
a. wear b. worn c. had worn
39. We ....TV tonight if Peter hadn't bought the theatre tickets.
a. will watch b. would watch c. would have watched
40. She wouldn't have had two laptops if she .... the contract.
a. does not sign b. did not sign c. had not sign
41. If I was/were a millionaire, I .... in Beverly Hills.
a. will live b. would live. c. would have lived
42. You would save energy if you .... the lights more often.
a. switch off b. switched off c. had switched off
43. If we had read the book, we .... the film.
a. will understood b. would understood c. would have understood
44. My sister could score better on the test if the teacher .... the grammar once more.
a. explain b. explained c. would have explained
45. They .... on time if they hadn't missed the train.
1.
A well-known architect is designing our new office. The passive form of the above
sentence is our new office..........by a well-known architect.
A. Designs
B.
Designed
C.
Be Designing
D. Is
Designed .
E. Is being Designed
2.
The stewardess is now serving coffee to the passengers. The passive form of the
above sentence is.............
A.
B.
C.
3.
They think he is wealthy. The passive form of the above sentence is.....
C.
4.
Every body believed that Gods brought them happiness. We can also say:
C.
5.
Have you been informed about the exact number of victims of the airplane crash?
Yes .........to the headquarters of Garuda.
B.
Has faxed
E. We fax it.
C.
6.
You seem to waiting for something these days. Thats true Im waiting ..........for
an interview.
A. Called
C. Be called
B.
To call
D. Calling
7.
A. To be called.
C. Be Calling
E. To be called.
E. Called
B.
Be called
D. To call
8.
A. Is neglecting
D. Is to be neglected
B.
Is neglected
E. Is to neglect
C.
Neglects
9.
We called the committee to ask whether the competition ......to begin that
afternoon.
A. Was scheduled
D. To be scheduled
B.
To scheduled
E. Was to schedule
C.
Was scheduling.
10. Bambang looks very happy today. Dont you know he ..........to general manager?
A. Has promoted
C.Has To Promote
B.
To Be Promoted
A. Hasnt he
C.Didnt he
B. Does he
D. Wont he
2.
A. Cant
B. Can
3.
D. Could
A. Isnt it
B. Will she
4.
C. Does
C. Should she
D. Doesnt she
A. Doesnt he
C. Doesnt he
B. Hasnt he
D. Isnt she
5.
A. Wont we
B. Do We
6.
C. Shall We
D. Arent We
A. Doesnt it
B. Was it not
7.
D. is it
A. Do you
B. Dont you
8.
C. it doesnt
C. Did you
D. Didnt you
A. Was it
B. Was it not
C. Was there
D. Was not there
9.
A. Didnt you
B. Wouldnt you
C. Would he
D. Wouldnt he
10. She never seems to care
A. Is she
B. Doesnt she
C. Has she
D. Does she.
QUESTION TAG
Question tag adalah merupakan bentuk pernyataan berekor yang fungsinya untuk
mempertegas suatu pernyataan.
Syarat utama dalam question tag adalah
1.
2.
3.
Subject yang di gunakan dalam question tag hanyalah : I , You, She, He, It, We, They,
There.
It biasanya dalam question tags untuk menunjukkan pada kata-kata berikut: everything,
nothing, anyting, this., that
They biasanya di gunakan dalam question tags untuk menunjukan pada kata-kata berikut:
everyone, someone, somebody, no one, nobody, people, these/ those.
Contoh:
This is not my book, is it ?
4.
Dalam kalimat verbal yang terbentuk simple present dan past tense, tambahkanlah do,
does dan did untuk membuat question tagsnya.
Contoh: He likes fishing, doesnt he?
5.
6.
7.
8.
Causative
Causative adalah suatu pola kalimat yang menyatakan bahwa seseorang / subject
menyebabkan orang lain melakukan sesuatu atau menyebabkan sesuatu di kerjakan
untuknya oleh orang lain.
1.
Active causative
Subject menyuruh atau menyebabkan bahwa seseorang / subject menyebabkan orang lain
melakukan sesuatu di kerjakan untuknya oleh orang lain.
Pola:
Subject + Have/Make/Let/Help + Object
+ V-1
Contoh:
Sasa had Amir Wash the car. ( Sasa menyuru amir menyuci mobil= Amir lah yang menyuci
mobil).
Pola di atas mempunyai makna yang sama dengan pola:
Subject + Ask/Get/Permit/Allow/Help+Object +
To V-1
Passive causative
Apabilah object dalam causative berupa benda (mati). Passive causative di gunakan
dimana subject menginginkan sesuatu ( object ) di kerjakan oleh orang lain.
Pola:
Subject + Have / Get + Object ( Benda )+ V-3
Contoh:
Sasa got her car washed.
Bila causative memakai have, have di sini berfungsi sebagai kata kerja penuh, oleh
karenanya bentuk negative atau interrogative nya mengunakan do/does/did.
Contoh:
You have the flowers delivered
Do you have the flowers delivered ?
You dont have the flowers delivered.
I need more data about this topic. Rawina might be able to help you. The underline
sentence means.............
All her friends belive that she can do her job well. It means she .....do her job well.
A. May
C. Could
B. Is able to
D. Might
3.
E. Will
It is possible that there will be another rise in the prise of petrol soon. We can also say,
there .another rise in the prise of petrol soon.
A. Must be
C. Could
B. May be
D. Might
4.
E. Will
Aswin did not keep his promiceto write us soon. He might have been very busy. The
underlined word means
When I called Jane at home there was no answer. She might have gone to school. The
underlined word means
D. I went shopping
E. I didnt go shopping
Modals
Modals adalah bagian dari auxiliary, merupakan sekolompok kata bantu yang memberikan
arti tambahan pada suatu kalimat dalam mempertajam makna. Yang harus di ingat adalah
modal selamanya harus di ikuti bare infinitif ( V-1 / Be).
Bentuk Modal
MODAL PRESENT
MODAL PAST
Can
Could
May
Might
Must
Had to
Will
Would
Shall
Should
Should
Ada sekelompok kata yang memiliki makna / arti sama dengan modal di atas:
Can / could: be able to, manage to
May / might: probable, possible, presumable, perhaps
Must
May / Might
Might , yang di gunakan untuk menyatakan izin ( permission ), merupakan bentuk lampau
dari may.
Contoh:
Sir, why may I not to go home early now whereas yesterday I might do it ?
Tatkala may dan might bermakna mungkin keduanya berujuk pada waktu kini atau
mendatang. Pebedaanya adalah nilai kemungkinan dengan might lebih kecil dari pada may.
Contoh: She may come late because of the trafict jam.
Should
2.
Harapan
Contoh:
My check should arrive next week=I hope that the check will arrive next week.
Must
Modal ini di gunakan untuk menyatakan :
1.
Keharusan mutlak
Dalam hal ini must maknanya lebih kuat ketimbang should. Dengan mengunakan should
orang mempunyai pilihan melakukan atau tidak, tetapi dengan must orang tidak mempunyai
pilihan.
Contoh:
Amir must call his insurance today= it is necessary for Amir to call the insurance today.
2.
Kesimpulan logis
Must digunakan untuk menyatakan bahwa si pembicara menganggap sesuatu itu benar
adanya berdasarkan fakta yang ada tapi kebenaran ini tidak harus mutlak.
Contoh:
The grass is wet. It must be raining.
Will / shall
Lihat bahasan future pada bab tenses
B. MODAL + PERFECTIVE
Modal + pervective biasanya di gunakan untuk menunjukkan waktu lampau.
Modal + Have + V-3 /
Been
Harus di ingat bahwa modal selalu di ikuti V-1/Be ( simple form/ bare infinitive ) jadi have
tak perna berubah menjadi has ataupun had.
Could + Have V-3 / Been
Bentuk ini di gunakan untuk menyatakan sesuatu hal sebenarnya bisa terjadi di waktu
lampau.
Contoh:
He could have eaten ice cream.= dia sebenarnya bisa makan ice cream, ini berarti dia pada
kenyataannya tidaklah makan ice cream ( he didnt eat ice cream ).
Might + Have V-3 / Been
Bentuk ini di gunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kemungkinan / praduga dari apa yang
sudah terjadi di waktu lampau.
Contoh:
His room was dirty. He might forgotten yo clean it. ( karena kamarnya kotor, mungkin saja
dia lupa membersihkannya atau bisa karena penyebab lain ).
Should + Have V-3 / Been
Bentuk ini di gunakan untuk menyatakan sesuatu yang seharusnya sudah terjadi di waktu
lampau, tapi karena 1 dan lain hal, hal itu tidak terjadi.
Contoh:
Setiawan should have gone to his office this morning. ( setiawan seharusnya sudah pergi ke
kantornya tadi pagi ).
Must + Have V-3 / Been
Bentuk ini di gunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kesimpulan logis dari apa yang terjadi di
waktu lampau.
Harus di ingat bahwa untuk menyatakan ke harusan di waktu lampau hanya di gunakan had
to atau should have v-3/ been.
Contoh:
The grass is wet. It must have rained last night.
subjunctive
1.
Is Ratu still sick? Yes, I wish she .here now to help me type the report.
A. Is
C. Were
B. Will be
D. Had been
2.
E. Would be
I am planning to go to the party tonight, but its raining very hard now. I wish.
A. It stops
C. It would stop
B. It will stop
D. It stopped
3.
E. It had stopped
A. He is here.
C. He were here
E. He will be here
A. Have gone
C. Will go
B. Are going to go
D. Shall go
5.
Lets Go Swimming, I wish I we have a test tomorrow and still have to study.
A. Am able
C. Could
B. could be
D. Will be able
6.
E. Would Go
you look tired, why dont you take a rest? I wish I still have to finish this report.
A. I would be able
B. I can
D. I could
E. I had been able
C. I will be able
7.
Sasa are you going to see the dentist this afternoon? I wish I didnt have to. We may
concluded that to the dentist.
D. She is willing to go
E. She has gone
Bill has been working for this book store for many years, and now he acts as if he were the
owner.From this sentence we may conclude that.
C. Will be
B. Should be
D. Should be
E. Am
Subjunctive
Subjunctive atau angan-angan adalah di gunakan untuk menyatakan / mengungkapkan
kejadian, keinginan ataupun kenyataan yang bertentangan dengan apa yang sesunggunya
ada atau sesunggunya terjadi
1.
Subjunctive Wish.
Future:
Rumus:
Subject 1 + wish ( that ) + subject 2 +( could/ would + v-1) /
were +v- ing
Contoh:
We wish that you could come to the party tonight.
( kepinginnya sih kamu bisa dating ke pesta nanti malam)
Present :
Rumus :
a)
Subject 1 + wish ( that ) + subject 2+ v-
2 / were
B
Rumus :
Subject 1 + wish ( that ) + subject 2 + could have v3 /had v-3
She wished that she had had more time last night.
2.
Subjunctive as if / as though
Present:
Subject 1 + verb ( present ) + as if/ as though + subject 2 +
verb past / were
Exercise :
Rubahlah kata kerja yang di dalam kurung ke dalam bentuk yang benar.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
The photographer would rather that we ( stand ) closer together than we are standing.
6.
7.
8.
9.
If all the student pass their final examination, the teacher will give a party for them at the
house. This means that ..............at the teachers house.
2.
A. Come
C. Do
B. Will
3.
D. Am
D. Would Pass
C. Had had
B. Had
A. May forget
B. Should forget
C. Might have forgotten
D. May Forget
E. Must forget
8.
If I
E. Had passed
Your drawing was very good. I could have done better if I More time.
A. Have had
7.
E. Would be washed.
D. Will wash
A. Passed
6.
A. Had washed
5.
E. Too
A. Werent going
B. Dont go
.
.
E. Would have
C. Hadnt gone
D. Hadnt been going
E. Didnt go.
10. He ..if I had not invite him.
A. May not come
B. Should not come
C. Might not have come
D. May not come
E. Must not come.
Conditional
pola conditional merupakan bentuk kalimat pengandaian dengan ciri hadirnya
kata jika / apabila, yang umumnya dinyatakan dengan kata if. Terdapat 2 kategori
besar pola pengandaian yakni : the real (factual dan habitual ) unreal( contrary of
the fact).
The real conditional, yang lebih di kenal istilah future conditional, merupakan
pola lamunan yang menyatakan sesuatu memiliki peluang untuk terjadi bila syarat
tertentu terpenuhi selanjutnya di sebut conditional sentence type 1.
The unreal conditional merupakan pola lamunan yang merupakan pengingkaran
dari fakta yang sebenarnya akan sedang atau telah terjadi, yang di bicarakan
sebenarnya tidak atau tidak akan terjadi. Unreal conditional ini memiliki 2 varian
yakni pertama lamunan yang berkontradiksi dengan apa yang sebenarnya akan
terjadi atau sedang terjadi sekarang, yang lebih di kenal dengan present
conditional atau conditional type 2 dan kedua lamunan yang berkontradiksi
dengan
apa
yang
sebenarnya
sudah
terjadi
yang
lebih
di
kenal
Rumus:
Contoh:
If you come with me for joyride tonight, you will have a great fun.
If you dont have any money, you may borrow for me.
Contoh:
1.
If you come with me for joyride tonight, you will have a great fun =should
you come with me for joyride tonight, you will have a great fun
Contoh:
If The Doctor has morning office hours, he visits his patients in the hospital in the
afternoon.
Contoh:
If you go the post office, please mail this letter for me.
Pengandaian ini menyatakan sesuatu yang bertentangan dengan apa yang ada /
terjadi sekarang atau belakangan ini.
Rumus:
If + Subject 1 + Simpel Past + Subject 2 + ( Would,Could,Might) +
V-1/Be
Contoh:
If I had time, I would go to the beach with you this weekend.
Contoh:
He would tell you about it if he were here = were he here, he would tell you
about it.
3.
Pengandaian ini menyatakan sesuatu yang bertentangan dengan apa yang terjadi/
sesuatu yang sudah berlalu.
Rumus:
If + Subject 1 +Past Perfect + Subject 2 + Would,Could,Might+ Have
V3/ Been
Contoh:if
If I had known you were there, I would have written you a lettter.
Contoh:
If I had known you were there,I would have written you a lettter.= Had I
known you were there, Iwould have written you a lettter.
Exercise I
Rubahlah kata kerja dalam kurung kedalam bentuk yang benar sesuai dengan
konteks atau pola conditional yang di berikan.
1.
2.
Im sure Tom lend you some money, I would be surprised if he ..........( refuse)
3.
Many people would be out of work if that factory .............( close ) down.
4.
They are expecting us. They will be disappointed if we ......( not come )
5.
1.
If you should see tom this afternoon, can you tell him to phone me?
2.
3.
I would have been very grateful if you had sent me your brochure and price list
before yesterday.
4.
5.
1.
A well-known architect is designing our new office.The passive form of the above
sentence is our new office..........by a well-known architect.
A. Designs
D. Is
Designed .
B.
Designed
E. Is being Designed
C.
Be Designing
2.
The stewardess is now serving coffee to the passengers. The passive form of the
above sentence is.............
A.
B.
C.
3.
C.
4.
C.
5.
Have you been informed about the exact number of victims of the airplane crash?
Yes .........to the headquarters of Garuda.
B.
Has faxed
E. We fax it.
C.
6.
You seem to waiting for something these days. Thats true Im waiting ..........for
an interview.
A. Called
C. Be called
B.
To call
D. Calling
7.
E. To be called.
A. To be called.
C. Be Calling
E. Called
B.
Be called
D. To call
8.
A. Is necleting
D. Is to be necleted
B.
Is necleted
E. Is to neclet
C.
Neclets
9.
We called the committee to ask whether the copetation ......to begin that
afternoon.
A. Was scheduled
D. To be scheduled
B.
To scheduled
E. Was to schedul
C.
Was scheduling.
10. Bambang looks very happy today. Dont you know he ..........to general manager?
A. Has promoted
C.Has To Promote
B.
To Be Promoted
Simple present
Active: My Mother cooks the meal every day
Present continuous
Active: My Mother is cooking the meal at the moment.
Present perfect
Active: My mother has cooked the meal
Passive: The meal has been being cooked by mother since I arrived.
5.
Simple past
Active: My mother cooked The meal yesterday.
Past continuous
Active: My mother was cooking The meal when I arrived.
Past Perfect
Active: My mother had cooked The meal before the children came home from
school
Passive: The meal had been cooked by mother before the children came home
from school.
8.
Simple future
Active: My mother will cook The meal this afternoon.
Passive: The meal will be cooked by mother this afternoon.
# Meskipun pasif future continuous ( will be being v-3 ) dan pasif present / past /
future perfect continuous ( have / has been being V-3/ will have been being V3, had
been being V3, / will have been being V-3) secara structural dapat di bentuk, namun
pengunaan ( language use ) teramat langkah.
Exercise :
Rubahlah kalimat berikut kedalam bentuk pasif.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
It is belive that the thives got the through the kitchen window.
6.
7.
8.
9.
PASSIVE VOICE
Pola umum
To be + verb 3 (past
participle )
Secara umum kalimat pasif di bentuk oleh tobe yang di ikuti oleh kata kerja bentuk
ke 3. Perubahan dalam kalimat aktif menjadi pasif tidak mengubah tenses yang di
gunakan kalimat tersebut. Dengan kata lain tenses kalimat pasif akan mengikuti
pola pada kalimat aktifnya.
Terdapat beberapa hal yang harus di indahkan dalam mengubah pola aktif ke dalam
pasif antara lain:
Subject dalam kalimat pasif berasal dari object kalimat aktif.
Be....ing dalam kalimat aktif, menjadi being dalam bentuk pasifnya.
Tenses pada kalimat pasif mengikuti bentuk kalimat aktifnya.
Verb 3 pada kalimat pasif di bentuk verb pada kalimat aktifnya.
Hanya kalimat transitif- kalimat yang mengandung object yang bisa di rubah ke
dalam bentuk pasif dan atau kalimat pasif hanya berlaku bagi kata kerja transitif.
Kalimat pasif di gunakan tatkala ingin menonjol hasil tindakan dari pada pelaku
tindakan tersebut.
Present
Active
Passive
Simple
S + V-1 + O
Continuous
Sasa
Perfect
S+Have/Has+V-3
Sasa has written a letter
Perfect Continuous
S + Have/Has+ been+V-Ing
Sasa has been writing a letter
S+Have/Has+Been+Being+V
-3
A
letter
has
been
being
written by Sasa
Past
Active
Passive
Simple
S+V-2+O
S+was/were+v-3
S+Was/Were+V-Ing
S+ Was/Were+Being+ V-3
Continuous
Sasa
Perfect
S+Had+V-3
Perfect Continuous
S + Had+been+V-Ing
S+Had+Been+Being+V-3
letter
had
been
being
written by Sasa
Future
Active
Passive
Simple
S+Will+V-1+O
S+Will+Be+V-3
Continuous
Perfect
S+Will+Be+V-Ing
S+Will+Be+Being+V-3
letter
Sasa
S+Will+Have+V-3
S+Will+Have+Been+V-3
Perfect Continuous
letter
written by Sasa
S+Will+Have+Been+V-
S+Will+Have+Been+Bein
Ing
g+V-3
Sasa
will
have
been
writing a letter
Past Future
Active
Passive
Past Future
S+Would+V-1+O
S+Would+Be+V-3
Sasa
would
write
a A
letter
would
be
letter.
written by Sasa
S+Would+Be+V-Ing
S+Would+Be+Being+
V-3
A letter would be being
written by Sasa
S+Would+Have+V-3
Sasa
would
have
written a letter
S+Would+Have+Been
+V-3
A letter would have
been written by Sasa.
Past
future
continuous
perfect S+Would
Have+Been+V-Ing
Sasa would have been
writting a letter.
S+Would
Have+Been+Being+V3
A letter would have
been being written by
Sasa
1.
A. Will leave
D. Had left
B.
Had left
E. Would leave
C.
Is leaving
2.
A. Complete
D. Have Completed.
B.
Was completing
E. Had Completed.
C.
To complete
3.
C.
4.
A. Is declining
D. Was declining
B.
Had declining
C.
Declined.
5.
A. Had Left
B.
Was leaving
D. Have Left
6.
Where is tanti?
I dont know, in fact I......any of our friends since I arrived.
D. Do not see
B.
C.
7.
D. Was putting.
B.
Am putting.
E. Have put.
C.
Had put.
8.
Anwar was promoted president of your company last week, wasnt he?
Im glad he was , he ..............in this company for years.
A. Had worked
D. Would work
B.
E. worked
C.
Was working
9.
Did you see the children when you came home home this afternoon?
No, they .....their teacher in priok.
A. Visited
B.
Had Visited
C.
To visit.
D. Were visiting.
E. Would have Visited
10. Could you tell your brother to meet me at the library tomorrow..?
Sure, I...........him?
A. Am telling
D. Will be telling
B.
Will tell
C.
Be telling him
1
S + Will / Shall + Have + Been
+ V-Ing
Pengunaan:
Pada dasarnya sama dengan future perfect, hanya saja tenses ini lebih menekankan
pada saat terjadinya peristiwa. Tenses ini umumnya mengisyaratkan suatu peristiwa
berdurasi di waktu mendatang.
Contoh:
1.
2.
i know, I will been living here for 10 years by the end of this year.
Tambahkan komentar
1.
OCT
28
S + Will / Shall +
Have + V-3
Pengunaan:
Untuk menyatakan suatu kegiatan / aktifitas yang terjadi dan selesai pada saat
kegiatan lain berlangsung di waktu akan datang.
Contoh:
1.
By the time we come home, The boys will have finished their homework.
2.
I can lend you the book next week because by the time I will have finished reading
it.
By the end of this week, I will have been back from Malaysia
Tambahkan komentar
2.
OCT
28
Pola:
S + will / shall + be
+ v-ing
Pengunaan:
untuk menyatakan suatu kegiatan sedang berlangsung di waktu yang akan datang.
Contoh:
1.
football begins at 5.30 and ends at 9.15. tom will be watching the match at 8.30.
2.
Tambahkan komentar
3.
OCT
28
Pola:
S + Will / Shall +
V-1
Atau
pengunaan
shall / will = bentuk akan yang tidak terencana, spontan akan terjadi bilamana suatu
kondisi tertentu terpenuhi.
To be going to = bentuk akan yang sudah terencana atau sudah pasti.
Contoh:
I shall meet you tomorrow.
I will go and shut it.
Tambahkan komentar
4.
OCT
28
Pola :
S + had + been +
v-ing
Pengunaan :
Untuk menyatakan suatu kegiatan yang di mulai sebelum waktu pembicaraan pada
waktu lampau dan berjalan terus sampai waktu itu, atau baru saja selesai sebelum
orang itu berbicara. Tense ini umumnya menyatakan kegiatan / peristiwa berdurasi
di waktu lampau.
Contoh:
1.
Shasya had been living in bandung for ten years before she moved to boston.
Exercise 6:
Tentukan kata kerja dalam kurung apakah dalam bentuk past perfect continuous
atau past continuous berdasarkan konteks yang ada.
1.
Setiawan was on his hand and knees on the floor. He ...................( look ) for his
cigarette lighter.
2.
We ...................( walk ) along the road for about 20 minutes when a car stopped
and the driver offered us a lift.
3.
When i arrived, everyone was sitting round the table with their mouth full.
They.......................(eat).
4.
When i arrived, everyone was sitting round the table and talking. Their mouth were
empty but their stomachs were full. They ........................( eat ).
5.
When i arrived, ratu .....................( wait ) for me. She was rather annoyed with me
because i was late and she .................( wait ) for a very long time.
Tambahkan komentar
5.
OCT
28
Pola:
S + HAD + V3
Pengunaan:
Menyatakan suatu kegiatan / tindakan yang terjadi sebelum kegiatan lain di waktu
lampau, biasanya ada dua atau lebih kegiatan yang beriringan.
Rumus:
Exercise 5:
Tentukan kata kerja dalam kurung apakah dalam bentuk past perfect atau past
simple berdasarkan konteks yang ada.
1.
The house was very quite when i got home. Everybody............( go ) to bed.
2.
3.
4.
There was a car by he side of he road. It ............( break ) down and the driver was
traying to repire it. So we.....( stop ) to see if we could help.
5.
Tambahkan komentar
6.
OCT
28
tenses-Past Continuous
Pola :
S + WAS / WERE + Ving
Pengunaan :
Untuk menyatakan suatu kegiatan yang sedang berlangsung di waktu lampau saat
kegiatan lain terjadi / menyelah.
Rumus :
WHEN + S-1 + SIMPLE PAST + S-2 + PAST CONTINUOUS
Atau
S-1 + PAST CONTINUOUS + WHEN + S-2 + SIMPLE PAST
Contoh:
When fini came home, nanang was watching tv.
Contoh:
Fini was watching television while nanang was reading a book.
Exercise 4:
Tentukan kata kerja dalam kurung apakah dalam bentuk simple past atau past
continuous berdasarkan konteks yang ada.
1.
2.
While Sasa was cleaning the apartement, her husband .................( sleep ).
3.
4.
When setiawan arrived, Amir ..............( have ) dinner, but they stopped in order to
talk to him.
5.
6.
When the teacher ...............( enter ) the room, the student were talking.
7.
While Shasya was wrting the report, Amir ...............( look ) for more information.
8.
9.
10. Djoko ................( write ) a letter to his family when his pencil ....................( break )
a. Are c. were
b. Will d. was
Answer : b. will (simple future tense)
13 You. Him in that lobby yesterday
a. see c. saw
b. soon d. came
Answer : c. saw (simple past tense)
14. why you . Late Dani?
a. Come .c. out
b. Came d. into
Answer : b. came (simple past tense)
15. My parents are .. business trip now
a. Have c. having
b. Had d. has
Answer : c. having (present continous tense)
Essay
1. Doni had steal dinas car
1
10. What (do/ did/ were) you eat for lunch yesterday?
Simple Past
Simple Past Tense digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan atau peristiwa yang terjadi pada waktu
lampau dan tidak ada hubungan sama sekali dengan masa sekarang.
Rumus :
1.
S+Verb II+....
I/You/We/They/He/She/It+Verb II
I.
1)
a)
Go
b)
Went
2)
a)
Was
c) Are
b)
Were
d) Am
3)
a)
Did
c) Does
b)
Do
d) Dont
4)
a)
Walking
c) Walked
b)
Walk
d) Walks
5)
a)
b)
6)
c) Going
d) Goes
7)
8)
9)
10) (Was / Were / Are )Judy and Liz at last months meeting?
Present Perfect Tense
Present Perfect Tense ialah suatu bentuk kalimat yang menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang telah dikerjakan
(pada waktu lampau) dan telah selesai pada waktu sekarang. Masa lampau bisa sekarang, tadi, kemarin,
minggu lalu, bulan lalu, tahun lalu, dan sebagainya.
a.
Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan atau peristiwa yang terjadi pada waktu lampau dan
masih ada hubungannya dengan saat sekarang.
b.
Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu peristiwa atau perbuatan yang telah terjadi.
c.
Digunakan untun menunjukkan suatu peristiwa atau perbuatan ulangan yang waktunya tidak
tertentu. Dalam hal ini sering memakai kata-kata ever,never,before,already.
d. Digunakan untuk mengajukan suatu perbuatan atau peristiwa yang selesai pada waktu yang singkat.
Untuk itu sering dipakai kata-kata seperti at,last,finally,just,recently.
II.
1)
a)
Have been
b)
Had been
2)
a)
I have teach
b)
I having teaching
c)
I have taught
c) Having been
d) Ever had
d)
I had taught
3)
a)
Has lived
b)
Had live
4)
a)
Eaten
b)
Ate
c)
Eating
d)
Was eat
c) Having live
d) Have living
5)
a)
b)
c)
d)
6)
7)
I thinkI
8)
There
9)
People
10) People
Kalimat aktif (active voice) adalah kalimat dimana subject-nya melakukan pekerjaan, sebaliknya, kalimat
pasif (passive voice) adalah kalimat dimana subject-nya dikenai pekerjaan oleh object kalimat. Active
voice lebih sering digunakan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari dibandingkan dengan passive voice. Namun
demikian, sering kita temukan passive voice di surat-surat kabar, artikel-artikel di majalah-majalah dan
tulisan-tulisan ilmiah. Passive voice digunakan karena object dari active voice merupakan informasi yang
lebih penting dibandingkan dengan subject-nya.
Contoh :
Active : We fertilize the soil every 6 months
Passive: The soil is fertilized by us every 6 months
Berdasarkan contoh di atas maka passive voice mengikuti pola sebagai berikut:
Subject + be + Verb3 + by + Object + modifier
1)
a)
b)
c)
d)
2)
a)
b)
c)
d)
3)
a)
b)
c)
d)
4)
a)
b)
c)
d)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
Question Tags
Question tags adalah pertanyaan singkat yang diikutkan pada akhir sebuah kalimat untuk membuat
pertanyaan. Contoh:
Kata kerja bantu dan subjek dalam question tag sesuai dengan yang terdapat pada kalimat utama. Hanya
bentuk positif dan negatifnya yang berubah. Contoh:
He can play the trumpet, cant he?
Pada kalimat diatas subjek diberi warna biru, dan kata kerja bantu warna hijau. Yang mengalami
perubahan hanya bagian dari pertanyaan yang positif atau negatif.
Jawaban : doesnt he
2.
Jawaban: arent I
3.
Jawaban: doesnt he
6.
Jawaban: didnt we
7.
8.
= Harus
= Mungkin
= Seharusnya
Exercise :
1. I dont have enough money to buy lunch. ____ you lend me a couple of dollars?
A. Could
B. May
C. Shall
2. That ice is dangerously thin now. You ____ go ice-skating today.
A. Might not
B. Would mind not to
C. Mustnt
3. Its way past my bedtime and Im really tired. I ____ go to bed.
A. Should
B. Would
C. Could
4. He ____ have committed this crime. He wasnt even in the city that night.
A. Shouldn`t
B. Might
C. Couldnt
5. You seem to be having trouble there. ____I help you?
A. Would
B. Will
C. Shall
6. Teddy got a bed score for his examination, ____study hard for next
A. Should have studied B. Could have studied
B. Can
C. Could
B. Could
C. Should
be rain
B. Might
be there tomorrow
B. Must not
C. Should
smoke here.
C. Should not
CREATE A