Ethernet Features TN R4

Node Processor units

NPU1 B
NPU1 C

10/100/1000BASE-T10/100/1000BASE-T 1000BASE-TX

1000BASE-TX

NPU1 C
O&M

NPU3

E1/DS1

TR:7/LAN

TR:6

10/100BASE-T

10/100BASE-T

TR:3

LAN

OUT TR:5 IN

OUT TR:4 IN

NPU3 B

E1/DS1

10/100/1000BASE-T

10/100/1000BASE-T

TR:3

TR:2/LAN

NPU3 B

Traffic interfaces

TR:4A-4D/User Out:E-F

O&M

NPU1 C

NPU3

NPU3 B

Full size

Full size

Half size

Half size

8 x E1/DS1

8 x E1/DS1

4 x E1/DS1

4 x E1/DS1

NPU1 B
Slot size

O&M

BR

TR:4A-4D/User Out:E-F

BR

NPU3

User Input

User Output

Ethernet
functionality

Ethernet switch

Ethernet over PDH

Ethernet switch

Ethernet Traffic
interfaces

1(2) x Electrical
2 x SFP

1 x Electrical

1(2) x Electrical

Ethernet Termination Units

ETU2
ETU2 B

ETU2 B

10/100/1000BASE-T 10/100/1000BASE-T

TR:4

ETU3

ETU3

10/100/1000BASE-T 10/100/1000BASE-T

TR:4

TR:3

TR:3

1000BASE-TX

1000BASE-TX

OUT TR:2 IN

OUT TR:1 IN

1000BASE-TX

1000BASE-TX

OUT TR:2 IN

OUT TR:1 IN

ETU2

ETU3

ETU2 B

10/100BASE-T interface

10/100/1000BASE-T interface

Gbit interface through SFP

HSU with connection to

2Gbit/s Ptp High Speed Bus

Yes

Yes

Ethernet switch
Slot size

External
Full (Any AMM)

NPU3 B

NPU3 B / NPU1 C

Half (AMM 2p B, 6p C or 6p D)

Capacity

Total maximum of 6 IM groups

Maximum 95 Mbit/s per IM group
190 Mbit/s total maximum throughput

Quality of Service

Flow handling with Priority awareness

Full (Any AMM)

Ethernet over PDH

ETU2

IM

IM

IM

IM

IM

max.
48xE1/DS1

max.
48xE1/DS1

max.
48xE1/DS1

max.
48xE1/DS1

Max.
96xE1 or DS1

IM

max.
48xE1/DS1

WAN ports
8 prio queues
on Egress

5x10/100BASE-T

max.
48xE1/DS1

LAN ports
8 prio queues
on Egress

1x10/100/1000BASE-T

Ethernet
over E1 or DS1
TDM Bus in back-plane of AMM.

Ethernet over PDH

ETU3
LAN ports
8 prio queues
on Egress

High speed Ptp bus

IM

IM

IM

IM

IM

IM

max.
48xE1/DS1

max.
48xE1/DS1

max.
48xE1/DS1

max.
48xE1/DS1

10/100/1000BASE-T

max.
48xE1/DS1

Max.
96xE1 or DS1

ETU3

max.
48xE1/DS1

WAN ports
8 prio queus
on Egress

2x10/100/1000BASE-T
BR

2xGE SFP

TDM Bus

Ethernet over PDH

NPU3
4xE1/DS1

WAN port
8 prio queus
on Egress

10/100BASE-T

TR4A-4D User Out E-F

TR3

10/100BASE-T

LAN

IM

TDM Bus

O&M

BR

LAN port
8 prio queues
on Egress

E1 DS1

max.
16xE1/DS1

NPU3

CP
Router

Ethernet switch
NPU3 B

E1 DS1

TR4A-4D User Out E-F

10/100/1000BASE-T

TR3

10/100/1000BASE-T

TR2 - LAN

10 port
Gigabit
Ethernet
Switch

High speed Ptp bus

O&M

BR

NPU3 B

LAN port
8 prio queues
on Egress
4xE1/DS1

CP
Router

TDM Bus

Ethernet traffic over E1/DS1

Any E1/DS1s in the TN

PDH-IME

PDH-IME

Ethernet

IME

Ethernet over E1/DS1

IME: Inverse Multiplexing of Ethernet

Ethernet over E1/DS1

Ethernet traffic over E1/DS1

Proprietory protocol
Maps Ethernet frames to HDLC frames over nxE1.
Buffers on ingress/egress interfaces to handle bursts and priority.
Any E1 can be used for Ethernet transport (e.g. fixed, radio).
Independent transport of the E1s is possible.
The E1s must be kept intact on their way. No cross connection on 64 kbit/s level.
Split Ethernet frames into
multiple 1 Byte PDH
frames

The multiple 1 Byte PDH

frames are distributed
evenly on all E1s

Rx/Tx buffer is used to smoothen

out propagation variations on
the different E1s
MINI-LINK TN

MINI-LINK TN
Inverse
Multiplexer

Rx/Tx
buffer

Rx/Tx
buffer

1*E1

Inverse
Multiplexer

Ethernet

PDH/SDH

Ethernet
Egress buffer

Egress buffer

Ethernet traffic over Packet Link

MMU2 D, MMU2 DA or MMU2 H

RL-IME

RL-IME

RL--IME

Packet Link

Ethernet

TDM bus

Ethernet and PDH

over Microwave

Ethernet traffic over SDH

SXU3 B and MMU2 E/F
VCG on
SXU3 B

VCG on
SXU3 B

VC3
VC3

Ethernet

VCG

VC3

Ethernet over SDH

ADM

VCG: Virtual Concatenation Group

How to connect ethernet

PDH-IME,
RL-IME,
VCG
Alternative 1
Ethernet Private Line
(Layer 1)

LAN

Layer 1

WAN

Alternative 2
Switch
(Layer 2)

Ethernet over SDH

SXU3 B
4xE1
F

SXU3

7 WAN ports
with 8 priority
queues per
egress WAN port

BR

Ethernet

7xVCG
Ethernet

ADM
VC-12
VC-3
VC-4

21xVC-12

PDH

4xSTM-1

High speed Ptp

NPU3 B or ETU3

21xE1

TDM Bus

Modem units

STM-1 mapping examples

2xVC-3

SOH

~150Mbit/s

SOH

1xVC-4

SOH

SOH

SOH

SXU3 B can:
map Ethernet traffic into SDH VC-12, VC-3 or VC-4
map E1 into SDH VC-12

63xVC-12

3xVC-3

42xVC-12

1xVC-3

Ethernet over SDH

SXU3 B 3
Map the VCG into the
structured SDH port(s)

Structure the SDH port(s)

to match the VCG

WAN to SDH mapping

Mapping and Cross Connect

TU-12, TU-3, VC-4

ADM
2x STM-1

2x STM-1

7x VCG
1
Set VCG Concatenation.
VC-12, VC-3 or VC-4 level.

Set band width.

Number of VC-n to use.

If applicable enable LCAS

21xVC-12
21xE1

Functional model
Ingress

Admission
control
Tail
dropping

Classification,
tagging
Color
dropping

Policing

WRED

Forwardning

Packet
aging

Scheduling

TC queue
mapping
Egress

Frame size
Storm protection
Up to 9216 bytes is supported*
Per port max number of allowed:
Broadcast frames, Multicast frames and
Destination lookup failure frames per second
Frame type
Allow or block:
Q-tagged frames
Priority tagged frames
Untagged frames

White list
Allowed source MAC addresses
per port

Functional model
Ingress

Admission
control
Tail
dropping

Classification,
tagging
Color
dropping

Policing,
Coloring

WRED

Forwardning

Packet
aging

Scheduling

TC queue
mapping
Egress

Classification
Reads/sets Class of Sevice (CoS) on the ethernet packet
Tagging
Tags/untags the ethernet packets with VLAN ID
Policing
Measures traffic streams and compares it with a bandwidth profile
Coloring
Excessive Ethernet frames are marked with a color and might be discarded
later in the network if congestion occurs

Functional model
Ingress

Admission
control
Tail
dropping

Classification,
tagging
Color
dropping

D-bridge
Forwarding based
on MAC address
Q-bridge
Forwarding based
on VLAN (and MAC)
up to 4094 VLANs
Self Learning
forwarding table
w. aging
16000 entries

Forwardning

Policing

WRED

Packet
aging

Scheduling

TC queue
mapping
Egress

HOLB
To avoid a congested
port blocking noncongested ports

Port blocking
Blocks forwarding from given
ingress port to specific
egress port(s)

RSTP/MSTP
To handle Ethernet
rings

MAC address limiting per port

Max number of allowed entries
in the forwarding table per port

Static routes
Unicast
Multicast

L2 protocol tunneling
To forward for example
customers RSTP.
Transparent tunneling

Functional model
Ingress

Admission
control
Tail
dropping

Classification,
tagging
Color
dropping

LAN port
8 TC queues
on Egress

WAN port
8 TC queus
on Egress

Policing

WRED

Forwardning

Packet
aging

Scheduling

TC queue
mapping
Egress

Mapping into TC queues based on Priority bits (CPCP or S-PCP bit in VLAN header, DSCP value in IP
header or EXP bit in MPLS header)
TC/prio queues according to IEEE802.1Q,
IEEE802.1D or custom.
Buffer size per LAN port:
ETU2: 1024 frames, all frame sizes.
NPU3: 400kByte.
All L2 Ethernet Services ports: min 100kByte. Max 1024 frames.

TDM/Ptp Bus

Buffer size per WAN port:

ETU2: 1024 frames, all frame sizes.
NPU3: 400kByte.
All L2 Ethernet services ports: 200ms of traffic at max link capacity.

Functional model
Ingress

Admission
control
Tail
dropping

Classification,
tagging
Color
dropping

Policing

WRED

Forwardning

Packet
aging

Scheduling

Tail dropping
All new packets that are scheduled to a CoS queue
that is already full are dropped regardless of priority.

Color dropping
Frames are dropped based on the internal priority and
color information in the PCP value.

TC queue
mapping
Egress

Functional model
Admission
control
Tail
dropping

Classification,
tagging
Color
dropping

Policing

Forwardning

Packet
aging

WRED

Threshold

WRED

Scheduler

Ingress

Packet aging
Frames are dropped based on aging time.

Scheduling

TC queue
mapping
Egress

Functional model
Ingress

Classification,
tagging

Admission
control
Tail
dropping

Color
dropping

Forwardning

Policing

WRED
Before

Packet
aging
After

Priority 6
Priority 5
Queue 1 (50%)
WFQ

Queue 2 (25%)
Queue 3 (25%)

Scheduler

Strict scheduling

Priority 7

Scheduler

Buffering

Scheduling

TC queue
mapping
Egress

Link Aggregation Group

Link Aggregation Control Protocol, LACP.
Standardized Ethernet protocol for protection
and increasing of the line capacity.
Southbound
Northbound

Shall be of equal speed.

GE or FE

Scheduling
Strict priority scheduling

5
7
6
5
7
6
5

WAN port

Egress

Scheduler

Scheduling

Scheduler

TC/priority
detection
TC/priority
detection

LAN port

Priority 7
Priority 6
Priority 5

TC queue
mapping

Forwarding

TC/priority
detection

control

Classification,
tagging

Scheduler

Ingress Admission

Ethernet traffic protection

Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol, RSTP
Re-route traffic on Ethernet level
Switch time < 50ms

IM protocol redundancy
IM group still operational if an
E1/DS1 goes down
Bandwidth change time < 50ms

1+1 SNCP
To re-route traffic on E1/DS1 or SDH level
Switch time < 50ms

1+1 Microwave radio protection

Protection of PDH and SDH radio hop
Switch time < 200ms at link failure
< 2sec at board failure

MSP 1+1
Traffic protection on SDH level
Switch time < 50ms at link failure
< 2sec at board failure

Ethernet over SDH

Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme, LCAS

Capacity management
Protection

VCG: 20xVC-12
STM-1 A
10xVC-12

VCG: 20xVC-12

ADM

STM-1 B
10xVC-12

ADM

Total capacity spread

over two links.

(Rapid) Spanning Tree Protocol

(R)STP

VLAN ID #1 & #2

Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol

MSTP

VLAN ID #1
VLAN ID #2

Provider Bridge (QinQ)

According to IEEE 802.1 ad

Customer A:
VLAN 100 & 200

Customer B:
VLAN 200 & 300

Feature released in R4.4FP

Provider Bridge (QinQ)

According to IEEE 802.1 ad
Customer PCP
bits
& VLAN ID

Type of data
VLAN: 8100
Q-tag

FCS

Dest.
Source

Data
46 1500 bytes

QinQ-tag
Type of data
VLAN: 88a8

S-Priority DEI
3 bits, PCP

S-VLAN identity
12 bits

DEI: Drop Eligibility Identifier

Provider Bridge (QinQ)

According to IEEE 802.1 ad

Provider VLAN 55
Customer A:
VLAN 100 & 200
The switch only
switches on
provider VLAN
55 & 56

Provider VLAN 56
Customer B:
VLAN 200 & 300

N+0
Want to increase the capacity?

RL-IME

RL-IME

Packet Link

Packet Link

N+0
Group the RL-IMEs together

RL-IME Group

RL-IME Group

Packet Link

Packet Link

Port Mirroring

NPU3 B
Switch
2

5
6

8
7

Ethernet traffic protection

1+1 Microwave radio protection
Protection of PDH and SDH radio hop
Switch time < 200ms at link failure
< 2sec at board failure
1+1 SNCP
Re-route traffic on E1/DS1 or SDH level
Switch time < 50ms
LCAS, Ethernet over SDH
VCG still operational if one or several VCs
should go down
MSP 1+1
Traffic protection on SDH level
Switch time < 50ms at link failure
< 2sec at board failure

RSTP or MSTP
Re-route traffic on Ethernet level
Switch time < 50ms
LAG
Protection of physical cable
Switch time < 50ms
PDH-IME protocol redundancy
IME group still operational if an E1/DS1
goes down
Bandwidth change time < 50ms
N+0 protection (Graceful degradation)
2 4 MMU2 D/DA/H forming one common
Packet Link. Should one terminal go down
the total traffic will be shared by remaining
operational terminals.

Ethernet Agenda

Ethernet basics
Traffic examples
Hardware
Features
Configurations

Configuration example (1)

Layer 1 Ptp transport over PDH.

Option 1 with ETU2 or NPU3

TDM bus

FE/GE

IM
IM
IM
IM
IM
IM

MMU2 B, C, D, H

nxE1 or DS1
Max. 95Mbit/s per IM

Modem

Configuration example (1)

Ptp Ethernet from NPU3 or ETU2

Configuration example (1)

Network Element

Option 2 with ETU3 and NPU3 B

NPU3 B

1.
2.
3.
4.

Enable PDH-IME Group and set capacity of

outgoing link
Connect WAN interface to Layer 1
Enable and connect LAN
Interface to Layer 1
Configure Ethernet Private Line

Ethernet Switch

Switch
Port

Switch
Port

4
Ethernet
Private Line

Point-to-Point Bus

ETU 3

WAN

2
LAN

LAN

PDHIME

Radio

Configuration example (2)

Layer 2 transport (switching).
Ethernet aggregation.
One LAN.
Ethernet over PDH traffic.
PDH Transport

PDH
PDH
PDH

MMU2 B, C, D, H

ETU3

NPU3 B
Ptp bus

IME
IM
IM

Modem

Switch

MMU2 B, C, D, H

Modem
IME
IM

IME
IM

Modem

TDM bus

Configuration example (3)

PDH

Layer 2 transport (switching).

Ethernet aggregation.
One LAN.
Packet link.
PDH Transport.

PDH
PDH

MMU2 D, H

NPU3 B
Ptp bus

MMU2 D, H

Modem
Switch

Ptp bus
Modem

Modem

Configuration example (4)

Microwave PDH ring

Add/drop of Ethernet and PDH

NPU3 B

PDH

Ptp bus
Ptp bus
Ptp bus

Modem

Switch

ETU3

IM
IM
IM

MMU2 D, H

Modem

TDM bus

TDM bus

Modem

MMU2 D, H

MMU2
B, C, D, H

Configuration guide
Ethernet over PDH traffic from NPU3 B via the switch
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Activate Ethernet Switch

Enable PDH-IME Group and set capacity
of outgoing link
Connect WAN interface to switch
Enable and connect LAN
Interface to switch
Configure VLAN
Configure untagged traffic to get
desired VLAN

Network Element
NPU3 B

Ethernet Switch

5
Switch
Port

Switch
Port

6
Ethernet
Private Line

4
LAN

LAN
Point-to-Point Bus

ETU 3

WAN

3
PDHIME

Radio

Configuration guide
Layer 2 switch of Ethernet over PDH traffic from NPU3 B
2.
1.
2.
3.

Activate Ethernet Switch

Create PDH-IME Group (and set capacity)
Connect WAN interface to a switch port

3.
1.

Configuration guide
Layer 2 switch of Ethernet over PDH traffic from NPU3 B

4.
4.
5.
6.

Enable and connect LAN

Interface to a switch port
Configure VLAN
Configure untagged traffic to get a
VLAN

5.
6.

Configuration example (5)

PDH

Layer 2 transport (switching).

Ethernet aggregation.
ADM (TM)
SDH Northbound

SDH
PDH
NPU3 B
Ptp bus

MMU2 B, C, D, H

IM
IM
IM

Modem

ETU3

Switch

MMU2 E, F

SXU3 B
Ptp bus

VCG

IM
IM
IM

Modem

ADM
21xE1

TDM bus

Modem

Ethernet over SDH

SXU3 B

1. Structure the SDH port(s)

4. Make an Ethernet to SDH

to match the VCG

Cross Connect

TU-12, TU-3, VC-4

ADM

STM-1

SXU3 B

VCG

2. Set VCG Concatenation.

VC-12, VC-3 or VC-4 level.

WAN

3. Set band width.

Number of VC-n to use.

5. Connect WAN to switch port.

Configuration example (6)

Gigabit Ethernet Link
Ptp bus

Modem
nxMMU2 D, H
NPU3 B

Modem

Switch

1+1 SNCP
TDM bus

Modem

Modem