Chapter 1

3 Name receptors X and Y in the diagram below.

1 (a) Complete the table below regarding sensory organs.

Sensory organ

Type of stimulus

X:

Light

(i)

Eye

(ii)

Nose/tongue

Chemical subtances

(iii)

Ear

Sound

(iv)

Skin

Touch, pain, heat, cold

Y:

Stimulus Receptor

Pressure
receptor

epidermis

4 The thinner the

more the number of receptor
more sensitive the skin.

or the
, the

5 Label the taste areas on the tongue and give one example
of food that tastes the best on the area.

(b) Complete the pathway of impulse after a stimulus is

received by the skin.

Pain Receptor

Nerve Brain

Part

Nerve Effector
2 Explain why when we have the flu, the nose cannot
function well.
The smell
receptors are covered
with a layer of mucus
.

Taste

Bitter

sour

Salty

Sweet

Example of food

Medicine
Lime
Salt
Honey

6 (a) Label the structures of the ear and state its functions.

P:
Q:

Ear Pinna

T: Ossicles

Auditory Canal

U: Semicircular Canal
V: Auditory Nerve

R:

W: Oval Window

Eardrum

X:Cochlea

S: Eustachian tube
P : Collects sound waves
Q : Channel sound waves
to the eardrum
R : Vibrates
when it is hit by sound waves
S : Balance the air pressure
on both sides of the ear
Amplifies
T :
sound vibrations
U : Controls body balance
V : Sends neve impulses
to the brain
nerve impulses
X : Converts sound vibration
into
(b) Based on 6(a), complete the sound pathway in the hearing mechanism.

W X

H1

7 (a) Label the structures of the eye and state its functions.

F: eye lens

A: Cornea

G: Sclera

B: Aqueous Humor

H: Choroid

Pupil

C:

I: Retina

D: lris
E:

K: Optic nerve
L:Blind spot

focus
A, B, E : Helps to
C
D
B, E
F
G
H
I
K

J: Yellow spot

Vitereous humor

enter

: Allows the light to

: Controls the size
: Maintains
: Focuses
: Protects
: Prevents light reflection
: Converts light
: Sends nerve impulse

the light onto the retina

the eye
of the pupils
the shape of the eyeball
the light onto the retina
the eyeball
in the eye
stimulus into nerve impulses
to the brain

(b) Based on 7(a), complete the pathway of light rays entering the eyes.
B

I/j

8 The characteristics of the image formed on the retina are

real
, inverted and diminished.

11

K
Fill in the blanks with correct words regarding the eye
defects shown below.
(a)
(b)

9 Determine the angles of incidence and reflection.

incident
ray

reflected
ray

short sidenest
Type:
Reasons: The eyeball is too
or the
eye lens is too

50o
(a) Angle of incidence : 40
(b) Angle of reflection : 40

Corrective
lens:

10 (a) Draw the light rays of the refraction of light.

incident normal
ray

normal

12

normal

air
glass

The eyeball is too

or the
eye lens is too

water
air

air
glass

13

is the eye defect caused by

the irregular curvature of the cornea. It can be corrected
by wearing
lenses.
P

(b) The straw in a glass filled with water appears bent

because the light ray is refracted .
dfgasg

H2

Line P appears longer than line Q. This limitation of the

sense of sight is called
.

14 State the types of vision and its advantage and

disadvantage for the following animals.

(c)

(d)

(a)

Type of vision:
Advantage:
Disadvantage:

tendril

moist
cotton
wool

twig

anhydrous
calcium
chloride
(or silica gel)

(Predator)
estimate distance accurately
vision field

Stimulus:
Root:

Stimulus:
Tendril:

Chapter 2

(b)

1 Three elements that make up carbohydrates and fats are

,
and
but in
different ratios.
2 Complete the table below with the classes of food.

Type of vision:
Advantage:
Disadvantage:

Class of food

(Prey)
vision field

16 State the stimulus and the types of tropism for the shoot
and root of the plants below.
(a)

Petri dish

(b)
moist
cotton
wool

plasticine

To supply energy

(b)

To build new cells to replace

damaged tissue

(c)

As heat insulator/ To protect

internal organs/ To supply energy

(d)

To maintain good health

(e)

To stimulate peristalsis

(f)

To transport dissolved food/ Act as

medium for chemical reaction/ To
transport excretory products

estimate distance accurately

15 Fill in the blanks with information regarding sound.

(a) Sound is produced by
.
(b)
is needed for the transmission of
sound.
(c) Sound can travel through
,
and
but cannot travel through
.
(d) Soft and porous materials are
reflectors
of sound but
absorbers of sound.
(e) Hard and smooth surface materials are
reflectors of sound but
absorbers of
sound.

Stimulus:
Shoot:

Stimulus:
Shoot:

Root:

Root:
dfgasgH3

Function

(a)

3 Vitamin
while vitamin
and

and
,
dissolve in fat.

dissolve in water
,

4 Determine the classes of food: Carbohydrate (C), protein

(P), fat (F), roughage (R), vitamin (V) or mineral salt (M).
(a) Rice:
(j) Butter:
(b) Orange:
(k) Starch:
(c) Fish:
(l) Papaya:
(d) Egg white:
(m) Vegetable:
(e) Egg yolk:
(n) Meat:
(f) Honey:
(o) Milk:
(g) Potato:
(p) Sugar:
(h) Coconut oil:
(q) Bread:
(i) Groundnut:
(r) Margarine:

5 State the diseases caused by the deficiency associated

with the following nutrients.
(a) Vitamin A:
(b) Vitamin B:
(c) Vitamin C:
(d) Vitamin E:
(e) Vitamin K:
(f) Protein:
(g) Iodine:
(h) Iron:
(i) Vitamin D/ phosphorus/ calcium:

Calorific value
(kJ/100g)

Food
Rice

Calorific value
=

1 500

Fried egg

950

Papaya

160

8 State the observation for the following food tests.

Food test

Observation

(a) Starch + iodine solution

6 A
diet consists of food that has all the
nutrients in the right quantities.
7 Based on the following table, calculate the calorific value
taken by a student for his dinner if he took 200 g of rice,
50 g of fried egg and 50 g of papaya.

(b) Glucose + Benedicts solution

precipitate

(c) Protein + Millons reagent

precipitate

(d) Fat + filter paper

spot

9 (a) Label the human digestive system and fill in the blanks with suitable words.

P:
Digested food:

S:
T:
Gastric juice contains
acid and
Digested food:

Q:

R:

U:
Produces

V:
Digested food:

W:
Function: To reabsorb

Function: To
digested food

(b)

and produce

has a
very
wall
(one-cell thick) and functions to
digested
food.

(c) Based on 9(a), complete the pathway of food

movement in the human digestive tract.

dfgasg

Rectum

10 (a) The process of pushing the food along the alimentary

canal is called
.
(b) The removal of undigested food (faeces) from the
body is called
.
(c) The difficulty to expel undigested food (faeces) from
the body is called
.

H4

11

State the final products of digestion that are ready to be

absorbed into the small intestine.
Food

Chapter 3
1 Complete the classification of animals below:

Final product of digestion

Animals

(a) Carbohydrate
Invertebrates
(Do not have backbone)

(b) Protein
(c) Fat

(a)

(Have backbone)

Fish

12 State the observation at the end of the experiment and

give the explanation.

iodine
solution

(a) Starch test:

Observation:
(b) Explanation:

starch
solution
+
saliva

in saliva breaks
down
into
.
(c) 37 oC is used because 37 oC is the
temperature
for
.

starch
solution
+ glucose
solution

Visking
tube

(c)

(b)

(d)

2 State the types of vertebrates.

(a) Deer:
(g)
(b) Eel:
(h)
(c) Snake:
(i)
(d) Whale:
(j)
(e) Turtle:
(k)
(f) Lizard:
(l)

Frog:
Penguin:
Toad:
Crocodile:
Shark:
Bat:

3 State the types of vertebrates (Fish, F, Amphibian, A,

Reptile, R, Bird, B or Mammal, M) which have the
following characteristics.
(a) Breathe through lungs:
(b) Breathe through gills:
(c) Breathe through moist skin:
(d) Warm-blooded:
(e) Cold-blooded:
(f) Lay eggs:
(g) Give birth to young:
(h) Carry out internal fertilisation:
(i) Carry out external fertilisation:

13 Study the experiment below regarding the absorption of

digested food.

distilled
water

Bird

(a) State
the
parts
represented by:
(i) Visking tube:
(ii) Distilled water:

4 Complete the classification of plants below.

Plants

(b) Explain why glucose can be found in the distilled

water but not starch at the end of the experiment.
Starch molecules are too
to
through the wall of the Visking tube.
14 Fill in the blanks with suitable letters based on the given
food pyramid.

Non-flowering plants
Algae

(a)
(Example:
durian tree)

(a) Foods that are required

in large amounts daily:

P
Q

Flowering plants

(b) Foods at the highest

risk of causing heart
diseases if taken
excessively:

dfgasgH5

(b)
(c)
(Example: Maize)

Mosses

(d)

5 State whether the given plants are monocotyledon, M or

dicotyledon, D.
(a) Maize plant:
(f) Rambutan tree:
(b) Coconut tree:
(g) Grass:
(c) Paddy plant:
(h) Balsam plant:
(d) Durian tree:
(i) Rubber tree:
(e) Oil palm tree:
(j) Rose plant:

6 State and draw (if required) the characteristics of plants

Type of
Leaf

(a)

Monocotyledon

(b)

vein leaf
Root

(c)

Term

(e)

roots

Interaction between . . .

(a)

... different organisms that live

together in a close relationship

(b)

... different organisms where one

organism benefits from the other
whereas the other organism is not
adversely affected

(c)

... different organisms where one

organism benefits from the other
whereas the other organism is
negatively affected

(d)

... two different organisms that live

together in which both organisms
benefit

(e)

... organisms that compete for the

same basic resources

(d)

Number of
Cotyledon (g)
7

Dicotyledon

vein leaf

roots
Stem

3 Based on the types of interaction between living things,

give the correct terms.

4 State the types of interaction between the living things

below.
sea
weed
(a)
(b) flowering

(f)

plant

anemone

(h)

are non-flowering plants

that do not carry out photosynthesis because they do not
have
.

hermit
crab

(c)

birds
nest
fern

(d)

tree
barnacles

tree trunk
tree

Chapter 4
1 (a) A
is a natural living place for plants
and animals.
(b) A
is a group of organisms that live
together in a habitat.
(c) A
consists of several populations of
animals and plants that live together and interact with
one other.
(d) An
consists of several communities
that interact with one another and with the physical
environment.
2 (a)

is the organism that kills and eats

other organisms.

(b)

is the organism that is eaten by a

predator.

dfgasg

H6

(e)

chicken

(f)

nodule
containing
bacteria

roots of
leguminous
plant

worm

5 Symbiosis can be classified into

and
6 (a)

,
.

is the method in which a natural

enemy is used to control the population of pest in an
area.
(b) State two advantages of controlling pest using
biological control.
(i)
(ii)

7 (a) Green plants that can make their own food through
photosynthesis are called
.
(b)
are organisms that decompose
dead organisms into simple substances. Two
examples of decomposers are
and
.

10 Fill in the blanks with suitable words regarding the pyramid

of numbers below.

Snake
Frog
Caterpillar

8 (a) State the role of organisms in the food chain below.

Leaf

Caterpillar

Frog

From the
base to
the top

(a) The number of

organisms
(b) The size of organisms
(c)

energy
is lost.

Leaf

Snake
11

Fill in the blanks with suitable words regarding

photosynthesis that occurs in green plants.
sunlight
Glucose +
+ Water
(a)
chlorophyll (food)

(b) If all the frogs in the food chain in (a) have been
caught, predict what happens to the number of the
following organisms.
(i) Leaf:
(ii) Caterpillar:
(iii) Snake:
9 Several food chains interlink to form a

(b)
(c) Function: To

sunlight.

(d) Energy change that occurs in photosynthesis:

energy
energy
(stored in food)

12 State the purposes (and observation) of the steps conducted in the experiment to test the presence of starch in the leaf.
(a)
water
leaf pieces
green leaf

leaf pieces

(b)
Purpose:
To remove

alcohol

water bath

Purpose:
To kill the
break the

and

iodine
solution

(c)

sodium hydroxide solution

Observation:
The
leaf

becomes

14 The experiment below shows that sunlight is necessary

for photosynthesis.

13 Fill in the blanks with correct words.

green
plant

white tile

(d)

hot water

Purpose:
To
the leaf

(a) The green plant cannot

carry out photosynthesis
because
is not present.
(b) Sodium hydroxide solution
functions
to
absorb
.
dfgasgH7

green leaf
paperclip
black paper
plant
L

J
K

(a) Parts
and
contain starch
at the end of the experiment.
(b) Variable that
(i) is controlled (constant): Type of
(ii) is manipulated: The presence of
(iii) responds: The presence of
15 Complete the diagram of the oxygen and carbon cycles.
(b)

(a)

(gas)

(Plants)
(d)
(Living things)
Decomposition
(Microorganisms)
Combustion
(Fuels)

(c)

16 (a) State two functions of photosynthesis in the carbon

cycle.
(i) Supplies
to animals
(ii) Removes
from the air
(b) State four human activities that destroy the balance
of nature.

17

gas

Name the gas that causes

(a) global warming:
(b) greenhouse effect:
(c) acid rain:
(d) depletion of ozone layer:

18 The best way to overcome the greenhouse effect is to

plant more
.

Chapter 5
o
o
1 The melting and freezing points of water is
C, and the boiling point of water is
C.
2 Impurities will
the boiling point but
the melting or freezing point of water.
3 Fill in the blanks with correct words regarding the electrolytic cell below.

(a)

(b)

Distilled water
(acidified with a
little sulphuric acid)

(c) Positive electrode or

(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
(i)
(j)
4 (a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

(d) Negative electrode or

The ratio (volume of oxygen to hydrogen collected (O : H) =

Two elements that make up a water molecule are
Water can be separated into hydrogen and oxygen through
Oxygen
Hydrogen produces a
with a
Acid is added into distilled water to

.
.
the glowing wooden splinter (a test for oxygen).
wooden splinter ( a test for hydrogen).
.
the rate of water evaporation.
the rate of water evaporation.
the rate of water evaporation.
the rate of water evaporation.

The higher the surrounding temperature, the

The bigger the surface area, the
The higher the air humidity, the
The faster the air movement, the
dfgasg

and

H8

(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)

5 Name the processes and fill in the blanks.

(a)

(b)
water
particles

water

water

Occurs at
temperature

Only

Occurs at the
of water

Occurs
liquid
process

occurs
point

at

12 State the organic solvents used in daily life.

Organic solvent

the

Iodine:
Shellac:
Varnish:
Fresh paint:
Blood:
Grease:
Rust:
Chlorophyll:

process

6 Label the following substances with solution, solvent or

solute.

Use

(a)

To dilute paint

(b)

To prepare shellac solution

(c)

To stick plastic substances

(d)

To dissolve iodine to prepare

antiseptic

(e)

To stick rubber sheets

13 Acids and alkalis only show their properties in the

presence of
.
14 (a) Acid changes the
.

7 Fill in the blanks

concentrated.
(a)
(b)

with

saturated,

dilute

or

(c)

solute

damp litmus paper to

damp litmus paper

(b) Alkali changes the

to
.

15 State three properties of acid and alkali.

Acid

solution
(has very little
solute)

solution
(has a lot of
solute)

solution
has the
maximum
amount of
solute

is a universal solvent.

9 The liquid that has suspended substances in it is called a

.
10 State four methods to increase the solubility of a big piece
of coarse salt in water.

water
coarse
salt

11

(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

Alkali

(a)

(d)

(b)

(e)

(c)

(f)

16 Fill in the blanks with suitable words.

(a) Acid reacts with metals to release
.
Example: Hydrochloric acid + magnesium
+
(salt)
(gas)
(b) Acid reacts with carbonates to release
.
Example: Sulphuric acid + calcium carbonate
+
+ water
(salt)
(gas)
17

Based on the pH value, fill in the blanks with Acid, Alkali

or Neutral.
pH | |
value 0 1

State the organic solvents which can be used to dissolve

the following substances.
dfgasgH9

(a)

|
2

|
3

|
4

(b)

|
5

|
6

|
7

|
8

| | | | | |
9 10 11 12 13 14

(c)

18

is the reaction that occurs between an acid and an alkali to form salt and water.
Acid + alkali salt + water
Example: Sodium hydroxide + hydrochloric acid
+

19 Fill in the blanks with suitable words regarding the method of water purification.
(a)

(b)
water out

muddy
water
water
in

The water still contains

and
.

Pure water is obtained.

(c)

(d)
chlorine
water

water
heat

Microorganisms are

The water still contains

and

substances.

20 (a) Complete the flow chart below to show the steps of the water purification process and state the functions.

P: Reservoir/
dam

Q:

tank

R:

S:

tank

T:

Part

U:

tank

tank

Storage tank

Function
To allow the

particles to
and
also reduces water acidity.

Mixes

Big particles to

Removes

tank

to the bottom
are added to coagulate suspended particles.

with water so that fine impurities form

dirt particles.

to the bottom.
particles.
is added to
dfgasg

H10

(b) Sodium flouride is added in water at certain water purification plants to reduce

21 State four types of water pollutants.

Chapter 6
1 The collision of air particles with things on Earth produces

2 Draw the arrow () to show the direction of air pressure that acts on the cardboard.
glass
water
cardboard

3 Draw the observation and fill in the blanks with correct words.
cold water

The air pressure in the metal

can is
than the air
pressure outside the metal can.

stopper

metal
can

steam

water

heat

4 Air pressure is influenced by the

and the

of gas.

5 The air pressure in a closed container will increase if the

(a) number of gas particles
.
(b) volume of the container
.
(c) gas is
.
6 Mark H to show high pressure area and L to show low pressure area.

(a) Syringe

(b) Siphon

H11
dfgasg

(c) Drinking straw

(d) Suction pump

dirt

7 Gas will change to liquid if it is

or placed under

Chapter 7

4 Fill in the blanks with correct words.

(a) Force is measured using a

1 Based on the activities, state the effects of forces.

Activity

spring
balance

Force can change the...

(a) Bending a ruler

of an object.

(b) Pushing a stationary

table

of an object.

(c) Pushing a moving

bicycle

of an object.

(d) Pushing a moving

ball at the right
angles
to
the object.
direction of motion

(b) Force is measured in the

unit of

weight

5 The wooden block is pulled on different surfaces in

contact and the magnitude of the frictional force is
recorded.

of a moving

wooden block

2 State the types of force.

(a)
force is produced when two
surfaces rub against each other.
(b)
force is the force that
opposes motion.
(c)
force pulls objects towards
the Earth.
(d)
force is the attractive or
repulsive force exerted by magnets.
(e)
force is produced when
electrons move through a conductor.
3 (a) The rougher the surfaces in contact, the
the frictional force acting on them.
(b) The heavier the object, the
the frictional
force acting on it.
(c) The magnitude of the frictional force is not affected
by the
.
dfgasg

H12

Surface

Reading of spring
balance (N)

Table

Floor

Sand paper

(a) Draw the direction of friction using arrows in the

diagram above.
(b) State the variables involved in this experiment.
Manipulated variable
Responding variable
Constant variable

Reading of spring balance (N)

(c) Based on the reading in the table, draw a bar chart to

show the readings of the spring balance on different
surfaces.

12 A student pushed a 100 N bicycle over a distance of

15 m in 5 s. Calculate the power generated by him.
Power = Force x Distance = Work done
Time
Time

10
8

Power =

6
4

Chapter 8

2
0

Table

Floor

Sand paper

Surface

1 Based on the given animals, state the way they gain

support.

6 State one advantage and one disadvantage of friction.

(a) Advantange:
(b) Disadvantage:

Invertebrate
(a) Spider, ant, grasshopper
(b) Caterpillar, earthworm, slug

7 State two methods to reduce friction.

(a) Using
(b) Adding
8 The unit of work done and power are
respectively.

(c) Squid, jellyfish, starfish

Vertebrate
and

9 State whether the work is done (D) or not done (N) for
the following situations.
(a) Sitting on the chair:
(b) Pushing a table:
(c) Washing a cloth:
(d) Pressing the table:
(e) Sleeping on the bed:
(f) Pedalling a bicycle:

Supported by

(d) Rat, tiger, bird

(e) Whale, dolphin
2 Whales have very weak pelvic and pectoral girdles
because they are supported by the
.
3 Based on the given plants, state the way they gain
support.
Plants

Supported by

(a) Rambutan, durian trees

10 State two factors that affect the work done of an object.

The
and the
that the object
moves over.
11

Supported by

(b) Balsam plants, cabbage

(c) Bitter gourd, cucumber

(a) A worker pulled a box over a distance of 10 m with a

force of 8 N. Calculate the work done.

(d) Rose, bouganvillea, rattan

(e) Water lily, Hydrilla

Work done = Force x Distance

(f) Morning glory, long bean

Work done
=

(g) Maize plant, sugarcane

(b) A boy pushed a 5 kg table over a distance of 3 m.

Calculate the work done. [g = 10 Nkg-1]

Work done
=

4 Label the structure in the cross-section of the aquatic

plants stem and fill in the blanks with suitable words.
(a)
(b) Aquatic plants have
to enable
them to
in water.

H13
dfgasg

(b)

Chapter 9
1

Effort

is the point of equilibrium of an object.

Load

2 (a) Mark c.g. for the centre of gravity of the shapes

below.
(ii)
(iii)
(i)

lever

(c)

Effort

Load

(b) The
of the object will
determine the position of the centre of gravity.

lever
2 State the classes of lever based on the given information.

3 State two factors that affect the stability of an object.

(a) The
(b) The

Class of lever

Information

(a) Second

The
between the

is

located
and the

(b) Third

The
between the

is

located
and the

(c) First

The
between the

is

located
and the

4 (a) The

the centre of gravity, the

stable the object.
(b) The
the base area, the
stable the object.

5 Fill in the blanks with the correct words.

(a)

(b)
Q

3 The force and the load act in opposite directions for the
and
class of levers.

Object
is Object
is
more stable because the more stable because the
of object
of object
is lower.
is larger.
6 Giraffes spread out their legs while drinking water to lower
the
and to increase the
.
7 The elephant and rhinoceros have big and short legs
to lower their
and to increase the
.

4 Determine the classes of levers for the tools below.

(First-class: 1, second-class: 2, third-class: 3).
(a) Crowbar:
(b) Paper cutter:
(c) Wheelbarrow:
(d) Fishing rod:
(e) Scissors:
(f) Ice tongs:
(g) Bottle opener:
(h) Pliers:
5 What is the weight of the load if the effort exerted is
60 N?
[Load x distance of the load = Force x distance of the
force]
Effort

Chapter 10

15 cm

1 Identify the classes of lever.

(a)
Effort

Load
20 cm

Load

lever
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H14