ME-308- Machine Design II

Chapter 11

Rolling-Contact Bearings

What is Bearing?
"bearing" incorporates the meaning of "to bear," in the
sense of "to support," and "to carry a burden."
A bearing is a device to permit constrained relative
motion between two parts, typically rotation or linear
movement

Allow rotation but not

translation.
Takes Load but not
torque.
Pure radial load
Pure Thrust load
Combination load

Bearing Types

Rolling Element

Pure radial load

(Cylindrical roller bearings)
Pure Thrust load
(Cylindrical and Ball)
Combination load
(Deep groove ball, Tapered
roller, Angular contact
bearings)

Sliding (Journal)
Bearings

Pure radial
Pure Thrust
Combination

Ch 11. Notes

Journal Bearings
(Plain Bearings, sleeves)

Radial

Ch 11. Notes

Thrust Journal Bearing

Thrust
Ch 11. Notes

Why Rolling-Contact Bearings?

RCB are used to describe bearings in
which the main load is transferred through
rolling elements.
RCB are used to minimize the friction
resulting from relative motion performed
under load.
Typical applications

Gear Box

Ch 11. Notes

Bearings Types

The terms rolling-contact

bearing, antifriction bearing,
and rolling bearing are all
used to describe that class of
bearing in which the main load
is transferred through
elements in rolling contact
rather than in sliding contact.
Bearings are manufactured to
take pure radial loads, pure
thrust loads, or a combination
of the two kinds of loads.

Ch 11. Notes

Ball Bearings

Angular ball bearings have higher thrust load capacity in

one direction than Radial ball bearings
2009/2010

Ch 11. Notes

Ball Bearing Types

2009/2010

Ch 11. Notes

Notes on Bearings

Bearings maybe obtained with shields on one or both

sides. Shields provide a degree of protection against
dirt.
Some bearings are manufactured with seals in one or
both sides. If sealed on both sides, bearings are
lubricated at the factory.
Starting friction is almost twice the running friction.
Bearings are manufactured to take either pure radial
load, pure thrust load or a combination of both.
Bearing makers usually provide manuals to describe
the various types.
Ch 11. Notes

10

Characteristics of ball Bearings

Type

Conrad or deep
groove
Maximum capacity
or filling notch
Self-aligning
internal
Self-aligning
external
Double row,
maximum
Double row, deep
groove
a
Two directions
b
One direction

Approximate range of
bore sizes, mm

Relative capacity

Tolerance
to misalignment

1.0

015

1.0

03

Minimum
3

Maximum
1060

Radial
1.00

10

130

1.2-1.4

120

0.7

0.2

1.0

230

1.0

0.7

1.0

High

110

1.5

0.2

1.0

0.3

110

1.5

1.4

1.0

Ch 11. Notes

Thrust
a
0.7

Limiting
speed
factor

0.2

11

Characteristics of Angular
Contact Ball Bearings
Type

Approximate
maximum
size, mm

One-directional
320
thrust
Duplex, back to
320
back
Duplex, face to
320
face
Duplex, tandem
320
Two directional or
110
split ring
Double row
140
a
One direction
b
Depends on contact angle
c
Two directions
d
In other direction

Relative capacity
Radial
1.00-1.15

Thrust
1.5-2.3

a,b

Limiting
speed factor

Tolerance
to misalignment

b1.1-3.0

02

1.85

1.5

3.0

1.85

1.5

3.0

1.85
1.15

2.4
1.5

3.0
3.0

0
02

1.85

0.8

1.5

Ch 11. Notes

12

Roller Bearings

Roller bearings have higher load capacity than ball bearings

Roller bearings require prefect geometry
Straight roller bearing (radial cylindrical) cannot take thrust loads
Tapered roller bearings combine the advantage of ball and straight
roller bearings, they take radial and thrust loadings.
Ch 11. Notes

13

Roller bearings: Needle Bearings

Needle bearings have very high load ratings and require less space
Needle bearings can be used with and without races
Ch 11. Notes

14

Characteristics of Cylindrical
Roller Bearings
Ty pe

Seperable outer
ring, nonlocating
(N)
Seperable inner
ring, nonlocating
(NU)
Seperable inner
ring, one direction
locating (NJ)
Seperable inner
ring, two-direction
locating (NUP)
a
One direction
b
Two directions

Appro x i mate rang e o f

bo re s i zes , mm

Rel ati v e capaci ty

Mi ni mum
10

Max i mum
320

Radi al
1.55

12

500

1.55

12

320

1.55

20

320

1.55

Ch 11. Notes

Li mi ti ng
s peed
facto r

To l erance
to mi s al i g nment

Thrus t
0

1.20

05

1.20

05

Locating

1.15

05

1.15

05

Locating

15

Characteristics of Spherical Roller Bearings

2009/2010

Ch 11. Notes

16

Rolling Contact Bearing Materials

Ch 11. Notes

17

Rolling Contact Bearings

Objective:
Not to design rolling bearings but to select proper
bearings for the application

In selecting these types of bearings, the

designer should take into consideration the
following:

The available space

The load and its characteristics

The desired life

Misalignment angle range

The cost
Ch 11. Notes

18

Simulation of progression of fatigue

failure
Fatigue Wear

Flake
pit

1998 McGraw-Hill

Text Reference: Figure 8.22, page 346

Ch 11. Notes

Hamrock, Jacobson and Schmid

19

Bearing Life

1.
2.

Assuming perfect mounting, adequate lubrication

and protection thus failure will occur by fatigue
Bearings are subjected to millions of repeated
contact stress (Hertezian) cycles causing spalling
(flaking or pitting) on ball or raceway. (Video 1& 3)
Failure Criteria:
SKF: failure happens when a pit of diameter 10-4
diameter of ball or roller is observed.
Timken Co.: failure happens when 10-2 in2 (6.45
mm2) of surface is spalled
Ch 11. Notes

20