Internal

What Is A Well Test?

A tool for reservoir evaluation and
characterization
Investigates a much larger volume of the
reservoir than cores or logs
Provides estimate of permeability under insitu conditions
Provides estimates of near-wellbore
condition
Provides estimates of distances to
boundaries

Internal

How Is A Well Test Conducted?

q=0

q
t

t
Internal

Well Test Applications

Exploration
Reservoir engineering

Production engineering

Internal

Well Test Objectives

Define reservoir limits
Estimate average drainage area
pressure
Characterize reservoir
Diagnose productivity problems

Evaluate stimulation treatment

effectiveness
Internal

Types of Well Tests

q

Single-Well
Internal

Multi-Well
6

Development of the
Diffusivity Equation

Internal

The Diffusivity Equation

Describes the flow of
A slightly compressible fluid
Having constant viscosity
In a porous medium
At constant temperature

Internal

The Continuity Equation

(Av)1

Internal

(Av)2

Av 1 Av2
m

Equation of State for a Slightly

Compressible Liquid

oe

Internal

c ppo

10

Flow Equation - Darcys Law

kAp
q
L
or, in differential form,

k x p
ux
x
Internal

11

The Diffusivity Equation

1 p c t p
r
r r r
k t

Internal

12

Data Used in Well Testing

Internal

13

Formation Volume Factor

Vres
Bo
Vsurf

Internal

14

Viscosity
v + dv

dy

Internal

dv
A
dy

15

Fluid Compressibility
lnVo
1 Vo
co

Vo p
p

Internal

16

Porosity

Internal

17

Permeability

qL
k
Ap
Internal

18

Pore Compressibility
1 ln
cf

p
p

Internal

19

Net Pay Thickness

Shale
h1

Sand

h2

h3

Internal

h = h 1 + h2 + h3
20

Net Pay Thickness

Case 1

Internal

Case 2

Case 3

Case 4

21

Saturations
H2O

Internal

22

Wellbore Radius
rw

Internal

23

Total Compressibility
c t c f Soco Sw c w Sgcg

Internal

24

Radial Flow and

Radius of Investigation

Internal

25

Radial Flow and

Radius of Investigation
Instructional Objectives
1. Calculate radius of investigation at a
given time or time required to reach a
given radius of investigation.
2. Describe the effects of reservoir
properties on radius of investigation.
Internal

26

Radial Flow Reservoir Model

Bulk
formation

h
rw
r
Internal

27

Ei-Function Solution
2

948c tr
qB

p pi 70.6
Ei

kh
kt

Ei x
Internal

e
x

du
28

Ei-Function Graph
7
Ei-function
Log approximation

-Ei(-x)

5
4
3
2
1
0
0.001
Internal

0.01

0.1

-x

10

100
29

Short-Time Approximation for

Ei-Function Solution

p pi
Applies when

Internal

948 ct r 2
10
kt
30

Long-Time Approximation to
Ei-Function Solution
2

1688 ct r
qB

p pi 162.6
log10

kh
kt

948 ct r 2
0.01
Applies when
kt
Internal

31

Pressure Profile During Drawdown

2000
t=0

Pressure, psi

1800
t = 0.01 hrs
1600
t = 1 hr
1400

t = 100 hrs

1200

t = 10000 hrs

1000

1
Internal

10

100

1000

Distance from center of wellbore, ft

10000
32

Pressure Profile During Buildup

2000

t = 10000 hrs

Pressure, psi

1800

t = 100 hrs

1600

1400

t = 1 hr

1200
t = 0.01 hrs
t=0
1000

10

100

1000

Internal

Distance from center of wellbore, ft

10000
33

Radius of Investigation
Equations
Radius of investigation for a given time
t:
kt
ri
948c t
Time required to reach a given radius of
investigation ri:
t
Internal

2
948c tri

34

Wellbore Storage

Internal

35

Wellbore Storage
Instructional Objectives
Define wellbore unloading
Define afterflow
Calculate wellbore storage (WBS)
Coefficient for wellbore filled with A
single-phase fluid
Calculate WBS coefficient for rising
liquid level
Internal

36

Fluid-Filled Wellbore Unloading

Rate

Surface Rate

Bottomhole
Rate

Time

q qsf B
dpw

dt
24Vwb cwb
Internal

37

Rate

Fluid-Filled Wellbore - Afterflow

Surface Rate

Bottomhole
Rate

t=0

Time

q qsf B
dpw

dt
24Vwb cwb
Internal

38

Rising Liquid Level

Rate

Surface Rate

t=0

Bottomhole
Rate

Time

q qsf B 5.615 wb
dpw

144A
dt
24
wb

Internal

g

g
c

39

Internal

40