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Jonathan Ridley
Bilging
AIMS:
At the end of this section you should be able to:
Calculate the change in draught of a vessel at the LCF
is a compartment is bilged.
Bilging
All bilging problems are solved in these stages:
Start
Find parallel
sinkage
Find BM or BML
Find GM or GML
Bilging
2m
10m
100m
Parallel Sinkage
If the amidships compartment is bilged, the vessel will
sink lower into the water:
20m
2m
10m
100m
Parallel Sinkage
Parallel Sinkage
The vessel has sunk as a result of losing buoyancy from
the bilged compartment. As the vessel sinks down, the
underwater volume, and hence buoyancy, increase
again, until the vessel is in equilibrium.
This happens when the volume gained is equal to the
volume lost.
20m
2m
10m
100m
Parallel Sinkage
2m
10m
100m
Parallel Sinkage
Parallel Sinkage
20m
20m
2.5m
10m
100m
20m
2m
10m
100m
Worked Example 1
A box shaped vessel has a length of 80 metres, a beam
of 9 metres and a draught of 4 metres. A full beam
amidships compartment, with a length of 10 metres, is
bilged. Determine the final draught of the vessel.
Parallel Sinkage
Student Question 1
A box shaped vessel has a length of 60 metres, a beam
of 8 metres and a draught of 3 metres. A full beam
amidships compartment, with a length of 9 metres, is
bilged. Determine the final draught of the vessel.
Sinkage =
9 8 3
= 0.529m
(60 8) (9 8)
Final Draught = 3 + 0.529 = 3.529m
Sinkage =
Try this in your own time please ask for help if you need it
Student Question 2
A box shaped vessel has a length of 50 metres, a beam
of 10 metres and a draught of 2 metres. A full beam
amidships compartment, is bilged. The final draught is
2.857m. Determine the length of the compartment.
Sinkage =
Sinkage =
LBilged Compartment 20
= 0.857m
= 0.857m
Try this in your own time please ask for help if you need it
Permeability
Permeability affects both the volume flooded and the
waterplane area lost.
This means that we have to adjust the parallel sinkage
formula:
Permeability
Worked Example 3
A box shaped vessel has a length of 80 metres, a beam
of 12 metres and a draught of 5 metres. A full beam
amidships compartment, with a length of 20 metres, is
bilged. Determine the final draught of the vessel if the
permeability of the compartment is 0.82.
Worked Example 2
Student Question 3
A box shaped vessel has a length of 70 metres, a beam
of 10 metres and a draught of 3 metres. A full beam
amidships compartment, 8 metres long, is bilged. The
final draught is 3.302m. Determine the permeability of
the compartment.
Sinkage =
8 10 3
= 0.302m
(70 10 ) (8 10 )
8 10 3 = 0.302 ((70 10 ) (8 10 ))
240 = 211.4 - 24.16
Sinkage =
= 0.80 or 80%
.
Parallel Sinkage
Remember bilging calculations are undertaken in
three stages. The first is parallel sinkage the change in
draught at the LCF.
Even in cases where the vessel will list or trim, parallel
sinkage is still the first stage.
The process of calculation is exactly the same as the
previous cases.
Try this in your own time please ask for help if you need it
10
20m
2m
10m
100m
Parallel Sinkage
The parallel sinkage can be complicated by the addition
of watertight flats within compartments.
These restrict flooding vertically, for example, in a
double bottom.
These problems have to be analysed logically look at
the actual lost volume, and look at the final waterplane
area.
Worked Example 4
11
Initial draught = 2m
1.5m
10m
100m
Worked Example 5
20m
Initial draught = 2m
1.5m
100m
10m
Worked Example 5
12
Initial draught = 2m
1.5m
10m
100m
Worked Example 5
The next step is to determine the final waterplane
area. You need to carefully consider which
compartments are dry:
20m
Initial draught = 2m
1.5m
100m
10m
Worked Example 5
13
20m
Initial draught = 2m
1.5m
10m
100m
Try this in your own time please ask for help if you need it
Student Question 4
The vessel shown below is bilged in the amidships
double bottom compartment. Determine the parallel
sinkage.
10m
Initial draught = 1m
0.7m
50m
8m
Worked Example 5
14
Student Question 4
10m
Initial draught = 1m
0.7m
8m
50m
LOST
Final Waterplane Area
10 8 0.7
Sinkage =
= 0.140m
50 8
Sinkage =
Try this in your own time please ask for help if you need it
Student Question 5
The vessel shown below is bilged in the amidships
double bottom compartment. Determine the parallel
sinkage if the compartment permeability is 95%.
15m
Initial draught = 3m
1m
80m
12m
Try this in your own time please ask for help if you need it
15
Student Question 5
15m
Initial draught = 3m
1m
12m
80m
LOST
Final Waterplane Area
15 12 1 0.95
Sinkage =
= 0.178m
80 12
Sinkage =
Parallel Sinkage
When bilging, particularly as a result of damage from
collisions, it is possible to be in a situation where the
vessel is bilged in a compartment above a water tight
flat.
In situations like these, the approach is the same, but
care must be taken with the waterplane area.
Try this in your own time please ask for help if you need it
16
Initial draught = 2m
1.5m
10m
100m
Worked Example 6
20m
Initial draught = 2m
1.5m
100m
10m
Worked Example 6
17
Initial draught = 2m
1.5m
10m
100m
Worked Example 6
The next step is to determine the final waterplane
area. You need to carefully consider which
compartments are dry:
20m
Initial draught = 2m
1.5m
100m
10m
Worked Example 6
18
20m
Initial draught = 2m
1.5m
10m
100m
Try this in your own time please ask for help if you need it
Student Question 6
The vessel shown below is bilged in the amidships
compartment, above the double bottom. Determine the
parallel sinkage.
22m
Initial draught = 3m
2m
80m
9m
Worked Example 6
19
Student Question 6
22m
Initial draught = 3m
2m
9m
80m
Sinkage =
LOST
Final Waterplane Area
Try this in your own time please ask for help if you need it
Student Question 6
The first step is to determine the lost volume. This is
found from the bilged compartment dimensions.
22m
Initial draught = 3m
2m
80m
LOST = 22 9 1 = 198m3
9m
Try this in your own time please ask for help if you need it
20
Student Question 6
The next step is to determine the final waterplane
area. You need to carefully consider which
compartments are dry:
22m
Initial draught = 3m
2m
9m
80m
Try this in your own time please ask for help if you need it
Student Question 6
22m
Initial draught = 3m
2m
80m
LOST
Final Waterplane Area
198
Sinkage =
= 0.379m
522
Sinkage =
9m
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21
Student Question 7
The vessel shown below is bilged in the amidships
compartment, above the double bottom. Determine the
parallel sinkage if the permeability of the compartment
is 77%.
25m
Initial draught = 5m
3m
8m
70m
Try this in your own time please ask for help if you need it
Student Question 7
25m
Initial draught = 5m
3m
70m
Sinkage =
LOST
Final Waterplane Area
8m
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22
Student Question 7
The first step is to determine the lost volume. This is
found from the bilged compartment dimensions.
25m
Initial draught = 5m
3m
8m
70m
Try this in your own time please ask for help if you need it
Student Question 7
The next step is to determine the final waterplane
area. You need to carefully consider which
compartments are dry:
25m
Initial draught = 5m
3m
8m
70m
Try this in your own time please ask for help if you need it
23
Student Question 7
25m
Initial draught = 5m
3m
8m
70m
LOST
Final Waterplane Area
308
Sinkage =
= 0.759m
406
Sinkage =
Bilging
This is the end of the section. You should be able to:
Understand the effects of bilging amidships, end, full
beam and side compartments with permeability.
Be able to calculate the metacentric height of a vessel
with a bilged compartment.
Try this in your own time please ask for help if you need it
24
AIMS:
At the end of this section you should be able to:
Calculate the longitudinal, vertical and transverse
position of the centre of buoyancy of a vessel after
bilging a compartment
25
Worked Example 7
Determine KB for the vessel shown below:
22m
Bilged draught =
3.379m
2m
80m
9m
KB After Bilging
26
Worked Example 7
Then label the intact compartments:
22m
2m
Bilged T = 3.379m
80m
Worked Example 7
27
AFT
MID
Final T = 3.379m
Compartment
2m
FWD
80m
Length
Breadth
Depth
Volume (m3)
Aft
Mid
Fwd
.
Worked Example 7
Calculate the position of the vertical centre of volume
of each of the intact compartments:
22m
AFT
MID
Final T = 3.379m
Compartment
FWD
80m
Depth
Half Depth
Aft
Mid
.
2m
Base Above
Keel
Centre
Above Keel
Worked Example 7
Fwd
28
Moment
(m4)
Aft
Mid
Fwd
Totals
Try this in your own time please ask for help if you need it
Student Question 8
Determine KB for the vessel shown below:
15m
Bilged draught = 5m
3m
90m
11m
Worked Example 7
29
Student Question 8
Calculate the volume (length x beam x depth) of each
of the intact compartments:
15m
AFT
MID
Final T = 5m
FWD
3m
90m
Compartment
Length
Breadth
Depth
Volume (m3)
Aft
37.5
11
2062.5
Mid
15
11
495
Fwd
37.5
11
2062.5
Try this in your own time please ask for help if you need it
Student Question 8
Calculate the position of the vertical centre of volume
of each of the intact compartments:
15m
AFT
MID
Final T = 5m
FWD
3m
90m
Compartment
Depth
Half Depth
Base Above
Keel
Centre
Above Keel
Aft
2.5
2.5
Mid
1.5
1.5
Fwd
2.5
2.5
Try this in your own time please ask for help if you need it
30
Student Question 8
Use the centres and volumes of each compartment to
find the overall centre:
Compartment Volume (m3)
Moment
(m4)
Aft
2062.5
2.5
5156.25
Mid
495
1.5
742.5
Fwd
2062.5
2.5
5156.25
Totals
4620
KB =
11055
KB After Bilging
If permeability is involved, then the calculation
becomes slightly more complex.
Permeability () is the measure of the amount of the
compartment which floods.
1- is the amount of buoyancy still remaining in the
compartment.
For example, if 95% ( =0.95) of the compartment
floods, 5% must still be providing buoyancy.
Try this in your own time please ask for help if you need it
31
Final draught =
3.379m
2m
80m
Worked Example 8
Again, good starting point is to draw the vessel from
the side, in the bilged condition:
9m
Worked Example 8
32
2m
Final T = 3.379m
80m
Worked Example 8
Calculate the volume (length x beam x depth) of each
of the intact and permeable compartments:
22m
AFT
MID
Final T = 3.379m
Compartment
2m
FWD
80m
Length
Breadth
Aft
Mid
Bilged
Depth
Volume (m3)
Worked Example 8
Fwd
.
33
AFT
MID
Final T = 3.379m
Compartment
2m
FWD
80m
Depth
Half Depth
Base Above
Keel
Centre
Above Keel
Aft
Mid
Bilged
.
Fwd
Worked Example 8
Use the centres and volumes of each compartment to
find the overall centre:
Compartment Volume (m3)
Aft
Mid
Bilged
Fwd
Totals
Moment
(m4)
Worked Example 8
34
Student Question 9
Determine KB for the vessel shown below if the bilged
compartment has a permeability of 80%:
10m
Final draught = 4m
1m
12m
90m
Try this in your own time please ask for help if you need it
Student Question 9
Label the intact and permeable compartments:
10m
AFT
Final T = 4m
MID
90m
1m
FWD
Try this in your own time please ask for help if you need it
35
Student Question 9
Calculate the volume (length x beam x depth) of each
of the intact and permeable compartments:
10m
AFT
MID
Final T = 4m
FWD
1m
90m
Compartment
Length
Breadth
Depth
Volume (m3)
Aft
40
12
1920
Mid
10
12
120
Bilged
10
12
72
Fwd
40
12
1920
Try this in your own time please ask for help if you need it
Student Question 9
Calculate the position of the vertical centre of volume
of each of the intact compartments:
10m
AFT
MID
Final T = 4m
FWD
1m
90m
Compartment
Depth
Half Depth
Base Above
Keel
Centre
Above Keel
Aft
Mid
0.5
0.5
Bilged
1.5
2.5
Fwd
Try this in your own time please ask for help if you need it
36
Student Question 9
Use the centres and volumes of each compartment to
find the overall centre:
Compartment Volume (m3)
Moment
(m4)
Aft
1920
3840
Mid
120
0.5
60
Bilged
72
2.5
180
Fwd
1920
3840
Totals
4032
KB =
7920
KB After Bilging
If the compartment is a side or end compartment, the
process is exactly the same, but be careful with the
dimensions.
The fact that the vessel may trim or list as a result of
bilging is not important at this stage.
Try this in your own time please ask for help if you need it
37
Final draught =
3.379m
2m
80m
Worked Example 9
Again, good starting point is to draw the vessel from
the side, in the bilged condition:
9m
Worked Example 9
38
2m
Final T = 3.379m
80m
Worked Example 9
Calculate the volume (length x beam x depth) of each
of the intact and permeable compartments:
22m
AFT
Final T = 3.379m
Compartment
FWD
2m
80m
Length
Breadth
Aft
Bilged
Fwd
Depth
Volume (m3)
Worked Example 9
39
Compartment
FWD
2m
80m
Depth
Half Depth
Base Above
Keel
Centre
Above Keel
Aft
Bilged
Fwd
.
Worked Example 9
Use the centres and volumes of each compartment to
find the overall centre:
Compartment Volume (m3)
Aft
Bilged
Fwd
Totals
Moment
(m4)
Worked Example 9
40
KB After Bilging
41
Final draught =
3.379m
2m
80m
Worked Example 10
Again, good starting point is to draw the vessel from
the side, in the bilged condition:
9m
Worked Example 10
42
AFT
Final T = 3.379m
FWD
2m
80m
Worked Example 10
Calculate the volume (length x beam x depth) of each
of the intact and permeable compartments:
22m
AFT
Final T = 3.379m
Compartment
FWD
2m
80m
Length
Breadth
Aft
Bilged
Fwd
Depth
Volume (m3)
Worked Example 10
43
FWD
Final T = 3.379m
Compartment
2m
80m
Length
Half Length
Aft End (m
FOAP)
Centre (m
FOAP)
Aft
Bilged
Fwd
.
Worked Example 10
Use the centres and volumes of each compartment to
find the overall centre:
Compartment Volume (m3)
Centre (m FOAP)
Aft
Bilged
Fwd
Totals
Moment
(m4)
Worked Example 10
44
45
2m
10m
8m
Worked Example 11
The first stage is to sketch the vessel from above, and
break the vessel down into simple rectangular sections:
Worked Example 11
46
10m
FWD
AFT
2m
100m
Section
Length (m)
Volume (m3)
Aft
Mid
Bilged
Fwd
.
Worked Example 11
The centre of each section from the damaged edge is
then found:
8m
10m
MID
FWD
AFT
2m
100m
Width (m)
Width (m)
Aft
Mid
Bilged
.
Worked Example 11
Fwd
47
Volume (m3)
Centre From
Damaged Edge (m)
Moment (m4)
Aft
Mid
Bilged
Fwd
Totals
Worked Example 11
This value is from the damaged edge of the vessel. TCB
should be quoted from the centreline:
Worked Example 11
48
Bilging
AIMS:
This is the end of this section. You should be able to:
Calculate the longitudinal, vertical and transverse
position of the centre of buoyancy of a vessel after
bilging a compartment
49
AIMS:
At the end of this section you should be able to:
Calculate the BM and BML for a bilged vessel.
Combine sections of the theory to calculate the GM
and GML for a bilged vessel.
BM After Bilging
To determine GM, BM is required.
Again, this needs consideration as to what the final
waterplane area looks like.
If the bilged compartment runs right across the vessel,
then determining BM is straight forward.
50
Compartment Length
Bilged
Intact
Beam
Length
Worked Example 12
The amidships compartment on the following vessel is
bilged. Determine BM after bilging.
20m
2m
10m
100m
BM After Bilging
51
Worked Example 13
The amidships compartment on the following vessel is
bilged. Determine BM after bilging if the permeability is
70%.
10m
3m
12m
80m
Worked Example 12
52
BM After Bilging
This process is identical if the full beam compartment
is amidships, at the ends or anywhere along the length
of the vessel.
For side compartments, the process is a bit different.
When a side compartment is bilged, the final
waterplane is asymmetric about the centreline of the
ship.
The ship rolls around an axis which runs through the
transverse centre of the waterplane area.
Worked Example 13
53
Bilged
Intact
BM After Bilging
We cannot directly calculate the transverse inertia
through the new roll axis, as the shape of the
waterplane is irregular.
To solve this we need to calculate the inertia about the
edge of the waterplane, and then use parallel axes
theory to determine the inertia through the centre of
the waterplane (which is the new roll axis).
This is best shown by example
BM After Bilging
54
10m
4m
100m
Bilged
Intact
Worked Example 14
The first stage is to determine the position of the
centre of the new waterplane area. This is done by
breaking the waterplane down into simple rectangular
sections:
Bilged
.
Worked Example 14
Intact
55
10m
MID
FWD
AFT
4m
100m
Section
Length (m)
Width (m)
Area (m2)
Aft
Mid
Fwd
.
Worked Example 14
The centre of each section from the damaged edge is
20m
then found:
10m
MID
FWD
AFT
4m
100m
Width
(m)
Half Width
(m)
Distance From
Centre From
Damaged Edge (m) Damaged Edge (m)
Aft
Mid
Fwd
Worked Example 14
56
Area (m2)
Centre From
Damaged Edge (m)
Moment (m3)
Aft
Mid
Fwd
Totals
Worked Example 14
This means that the actual centre of the final
waterplane, and hence the roll axis, is 5.261m from the
damaged edge:
20m
10m
4m
5m
100m
Bilged
.
Worked Example 14
Intact
57
Worked Example 14
The inertia about the damaged edge for the whole
vessel can be found:
20m
10m
4m
100m
Worked Example 14
58
Worked Example 14
This finally allows BM to be found:
Worked Example 14
59
Student Question 10
A vessel with an initial draught of 3 metres is bilged in
a side compartment as shown. Find BM:
10m
8m
2m
80m
Bilged
Intact
Try this in your own time please ask for help if you need it
Student Question 10
The areas of each section are found:
10m
8m
MID
FWD
AFT
2m
80m
Section
Length (m)
Width (m)
Area (m2)
Aft
35
280
Mid
10
60
Fwd
35
280
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60
Student Question 10
The centre of each section from the damaged edge is
10m
then found:
8m
MID
FWD
AFT
2m
80m
Width
(m)
Half Width
(m)
Distance From
Centre From
Damaged Edge (m) Damaged Edge (m)
Aft
Mid
Fwd
Try this in your own time please ask for help if you need it
Student Question 10
The overall centre of area is found in a moment table,
in a similar way to KB and KG:
Section
Area (m2)
Centre From
Damaged Edge (m)
Moment (m3)
Aft
280
1120
Mid
60
300
Fwd
280
1120
Totals
620
Overall Centre =
2540
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61
Student Question 10
The inertia about the damaged edge for the whole
vessel can be found:
10m
8m
2m
80m
Length Beam3
Compartment Length Compartment Beam3
3
3
3
3
80 8
10 2
=
1
= 13626.667m 4
3
3
InertiaEDGE =
InertiaEDGE
.
Try this in your own time please ask for help if you need it
Student Question 10
The parallel axes theory can now be used to convert
this remote value to be the centre value:
Try this in your own time please ask for help if you need it
62
Student Question 10
This finally allows BM to be found:
BM =
80 8 3
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Student Question 10
A vessel with an initial draught of 4 metres is bilged in
a side compartment as shown. Find BM if the
compartment permeability is 82%:
10m
8m
2m
80m
Bilged
.
Try this in your own time please ask for help if you need it
Intact
63
Student Question 10
The areas of each section are found:
10m
8m
MID
FWD
AFT
2m
80m
Section
Length (m)
Width (m)
Area (m2)
Aft
35
280
Mid
10
60
Bilged
10
3.6
Fwd
35
280
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Student Question 10
The centre of each section from the damaged edge is
then found:
10m
MID
FWD
AFT
8m
2m
Width
(m)
Half Width
(m)
Distance From
Centre From
Damaged Edge (m) Damaged Edge (m)
Aft
Mid
Bilged
Fwd
Try this in your own time please ask for help if you need it
64
Student Question 10
The overall centre of area is found in a moment table,
in a similar way to KB and KG:
Section
Area (m2)
Centre From
Damaged Edge (m)
Moment (m3)
Aft
280
1120
Mid
60
300
Bilged
3.6
3.6
Fwd
280
1120
Totals
623.6
Overall Centre =
2543.6
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Student Question 10
The inertia about the damaged edge for the whole
vessel can be found:
10m
8m
2m
80m
Length Beam3
Compartment Length Compartment Beam3
3
3
3
3
80 8
10 2
=
0.82
= 13631.467m 4
3
3
InertiaEDGE =
InertiaEDGE
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65
Student Question 10
The parallel axes theory can now be used to convert
this remote value to be the centre value:
Try this in your own time please ask for help if you need it
Student Question 10
This finally allows BM to be found:
BM =
80 8 4
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66
BM After Bilging
67
20m
2m
10m
100m
Worked Example 15
The first stage is to determine the shape of the final
waterplane and the position of the LCF. This is similar to
the transverse case, but distances are found relative to
the AP of the vessel:
Bilged
.
Worked Example 15
Intact
68
Aft
20m
Fwd
100m
Section
Length (m)
Area (m2)
Width (m)
Aft
Fwd
Worked Example 15
The centre of each section from the AP is then found:
20m
10m
Aft
20m
Fwd
100m
Length
(m)
Half Length
(m)
Aft
Fwd
Centre From AP
(m)
Worked Example 15
69
Area (m2)
Moment (m3)
Centre From AP
(m)
Aft
Fwd
Totals
Worked Example 15
When the LCF is known, the distance from the LCF to
the centre of each section must be found:
60m
LCF
Aft
20m
20m
Fwd
Worked Example 15
70
Section
Beam (m)
Length (m)
InertiaL CENTRE
(m4)
Aft
Fwd
Worked Example 15
Then the parallel axes theory can be found to find the
inertia of each section through the overall LCF of the
vessel. These are remote inertia values:
Section InertiaCENTRE
(m4)
Area
(m2)
Aft
Fwd
Total
Distance (m to
LCF from section
centre)
InertiaREMOTE
(m4)
Worked Example 15
71
Try this in your own time please ask for help if you need it
Student Question 11
The amidships compartment on the following vessel is
bilged. Determine BML after bilging.
20m
3m
30m
10m
100m
Worked Example 15
72
Student Question 11
The first stage is to determine the shape of the final
waterplane and the position of the LCF. This is similar to
the transverse case, but distances are found relative to
the AP of the vessel:
20m
30m
10m
Aft
Fwd
100m
Bilged
Intact
Try this in your own time please ask for help if you need it
Student Question 11
The areas of each section are found:
20m
10m
Aft
30m
Fwd
100m
Section
Length (m)
Width (m)
Area (m2)
Aft
50
10
500
Fwd
30
10
300
Try this in your own time please ask for help if you need it
73
Student Question 11
The centre of each section from the AP is then found:
20m
10m
30m
Aft
Fwd
100m
Length
(m)
Half Length
(m)
Centre From AP
(m)
Aft
50
25
25
Fwd
30
15
70
85
Try this in your own time please ask for help if you need it
Student Question 11
The overall centre of area is found in a moment table,
in a similar way to KB and KG:
Section
Area (m2)
Centre From AP
(m)
Moment (m3)
Aft
500
25
12500
Fwd
300
85
25500
Totals
800
Overall Centre =
38000
Try this in your own time please ask for help if you need it
74
Student Question 11
When the LCF is known, the distance from the LCF to
the centre of each section must be found:
50m
LCF
20m
Aft
30m
Fwd
47.5m
25m
37.5m
22.5m
85m
Try this in your own time please ask for help if you need it
Student Question 11
The next stage is to find the longitudinal inertia
through the centre of each section. These values are the
inertia through the centre of each section:
BL3
InertiaL =
12
Section
Beam (m)
Length (m)
InertiaL CENTRE
(m4)
Aft
10
50
104166.67
Fwd
10
30
22500
Try this in your own time please ask for help if you need it
75
Student Question 11
Then the parallel axes theory can be found to find the
inertia of each section through the overall LCF of the
vessel. These are remote inertia values:
Area
(m2)
Distance (m to
LCF from section
centre)
InertiaREMOTE
(m4)
Aft
104166.67
500
22.5
357291.67
Fwd
22500
300
37.5
444375
Total
801666.67
Try this in your own time please ask for help if you need it
Student Question 11
The total of the remote values is the total longitudinal
inertia measured at the LCF. This can finally be used to
find BML:
BM L =
Inertia L 801666.67
=
= 267.222m
100 10 3
Try this in your own time please ask for help if you need it
76
30m
3m
10m
100m
Worked Example 16
The first stage is to determine the shape of the final
waterplane and the position of the LCF. This is similar to
the transverse case, but distances are found relative to
the AP of the vessel:
Worked Example 16
77
Aft
30m
Fwd
100m
Section
Length (m)
Width (m)
Area (m2)
Aft
Bilged
Fwd
.
Worked Example 16
The centre of each section from the AP is then found:
20m
10m
Aft
30m
Fwd
100m
Aft Bulkhead
From AP (m)
Centre From AP
(m)
Worked Example 16
78
Area (m2)
Moment (m3)
Centre From AP
(m)
Aft
Bilged
Fwd
Totals
Worked Example 16
When the LCF is known, the distance from the LCF to
the centre of each section must be found:
50m
LCF
Aft
20m
30m
Fwd
Worked Example 16
79
Section
Beam (m)
Length (m)
InertiaL CENTRE
(m4)
Aft
Bilged
Fwd
Worked Example 16
Then the parallel axes theory can be found to find the
inertia of each section through the overall LCF of the
vessel. These are remote inertia values:
Section InertiaCENTRE
(m4)
Area
(m2)
Aft
Bilged
Fwd
Distance (m to
LCF from section
centre)
InertiaREMOTE
(m4)
Worked Example 16
Total
.
80
Worked Example 16
81
KG After Bilging
82
AIMS:
This is the end of this section. You should be able to:
Calculate the BM and BML for a bilged vessel.
Combine sections of the theory to calculate the GM
and GML for a bilged vessel.
Bilging
83
84
G
B
G
B
85
Worked Example 17
The vessel shown below bilges the compartment shown.
Determine the transverse stability and the list if the
permeability is 80%, and KG is 4 metres.
20m
3m
2m
10m
100m
86
20m
3m
2m
10m
100m
Worked Example 17
As the bilging runs all the way from the keel to the
final waterline, the KB in the final condition will be half
draught in the final condition.
Worked Example 17
87
Worked Example 17
The volumes of each section are then found:
20m
10m
MID
FWD
AFT
3m
100m
Section
Length (m)
Aft
Mid
Bilged
Fwd
Volume (m3)
Worked Example 17
88
10m
FWD
AFT
3m
100m
Width (m)
Width (m)
Aft
Mid
Bilged
Fwd
.
Worked Example 17
The overall centre of volume is found in a moment
table, in a similar way to KB and KG:
Section
Volume (m3)
Centre From
Damaged Edge (m)
Aft
Mid
Bilged
Fwd
Totals
Moment (m4)
Worked Example 17
89
As the bilging runs all the way from the keel to the
final waterline, the centre of the waterplane in the final
condition will be the same as the TCB in the final
condition.
The area of the waterplane still needs to be found.
Worked Example 17
The areas of each section are found:
20m
MID
10m
FWD
AFT
3m
100m
Section
Length (m)
Aft
Mid
Bilged
Fwd
Width (m)
Area (m2)
Worked Example 17
Totals
.
90
10m
3m
100m
Worked Example 17
The parallel axes theory can now be used to convert
this remote value to be the centre value:
Worked Example 17
91
Worked Example 17
Worked Example 17
92
Worked Example 17
93
Worked Example 18
The vessel shown below bilges the compartment shown.
Determine the transverse stability and the end draughts
if the permeability is 90%, and KG is 1.4 metres.
20m
2m
1m
100m
5m
10m
94
20m
2m
5m
10m
1m
100m
Worked Example 18
Calculate the volume (length x beam x depth) of each
of the intact and permeable compartments:
Compartment
Length
Breadth
Aft
Mid
Bilged
Depth
Volume (m3)
Worked Example 18
Fwd
.
95
AFT
MID
Final T = 2.220m
Compartment
FWD
1m
100m
Depth
Half Depth
Base Above
Keel
Centre
Above Keel
Aft
Mid
Bilged
.
Fwd
Worked Example 18
Use the centres and volumes of each compartment to
find the overall centre:
Compartment Volume (m3)
Aft
Mid
Bilged
Fwd
Totals
Moment
(m4)
Worked Example 18
96
AFT
MID
Final T = 2.220m
Compartment
FWD
1m
100m
Length
Half Length
Aft end
FOAP
Centre
FOAP
Aft
Mid
Bilged
.
Fwd
Worked Example 18
Use the centres and volumes of each compartment to
find the overall centre:
Compartment Volume (m3)
Aft
Mid
Bilged
Fwd
Totals
Moment
(m4)
Worked Example 18
97
2.22m
1m
100m
Worked Example 18
10m
Worked Example 18
98
10m
Aft
20m
5m
Bilged
Fwd
100m
Section
Length (m)
Width (m)
Area (m2)
Aft
Bilged
Fwd
.
Worked Example 18
The centre of each section from the AP is then found:
10m
Aft
20m
5m
Bilged
Fwd
100m
Aft
Bilged
Fwd
Centre From
AP (m)
Worked Example 18
99
Area (m2)
Centre From AP
(m)
Moment (m3)
Aft
Bilged
Fwd
Totals
Worked Example 18
When the LCF is known, the distance from the LCF to
the centre of each section must be found:
75m
10m
LCF
Aft
20m
5m
Bilged
Fwd
Worked Example 18
100
Section
Beam (m)
Length (m)
InertiaL CENTRE
(m4)
Aft
Bilged
Fwd
Worked Example 18
Then the parallel axes theory can be found to find the
inertia of each section through the overall LCF of the
vessel. These are remote inertia values:
Section InertiaCENTRE
(m4)
Area
(m2)
Aft
Bilged
Fwd
Distance (m to
LCF from section
centre)
InertiaREMOTE
(m4)
Worked Example 18
Total
.
101
Worked Example 18
Worked Example 18
102
Worked Example 18
The values found so far can be used to determine the
trim:
Worked Example 18
103
Worked Example 18
104