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Person-centred values are about providing care and support that is focused
on a specific individual and their needs. It must be noted that just because
two individuals both have dementia there treatment and needs may be
dramatically different. In order to work to a person-centred approach you
must understand the values that surround it, there are eight person centred
values that underpin person-centred care and support. These are:
Individuality: service users should be allowed to make their own choices.
Care and support should be tailored to suit the individual with their personal
beliefs being respected.
Independence: A service user should be encouraged to do as much for
themselves as possible. Independence makes people feel in control of their
lives and gives them a sense of self-worth.
Privacy: It is essential that you respect a service users need for privacy
and support this in the way you work.
Partnership: a service users care will normally involve other professionals
and colleagues and it is that you maintain a good communication with all
parties involved. Person-centred care and support requires all key parties to
be on board.
Choice: Each service user should be given a choice in relation to their care,
in order to make an informed choice it is essential that all the facts are
available to the service user.
Dignity; You must maintain a service users dignity at all time, address
them in their chosen format, try not to rush and take care to listen to their
Empowering individuals
If people with disabilities are to be empowered and seen as equal
partners, then person-centred values have to be embedded into every
aspect of provision. Inclusion and involvement needs to be meaningful:
individuals may require independent support to express their views or to
fully understand the implications of decisions. Care workers need to
understand the individual in depth: their preferred means of
communication as well as their perspective on their life.
The focus in a person-centred approach is on finding ways to enable the
individual to achieve their potential. To achieve this it is important to
listen to individuals, to ensure they are involved in developing solutions
to meet their needs as well as their ideas for their future. If a solution is
agreed, it is more likely to succeed.
Extract from Written Questioning:
Written Question: Define person-centred values and explain why it is
important to work in a way that embeds person-centred values:
Response: The underlying purpose of Person-centred values is to
ensure that the individual needing care is placed at the very centre of the
decision making process about their life, the services and support they
want and need.
Therefore, under this strict system, the person is always placed at the
very centre of the planning of the care programme required, in that he or
she will always be consulted and that his or her views will always come
first. Therefore the plan is tailor-made to that particular person, and it
should include all aspects of care, from the Social and Health Services,
from that individuals family and from the voluntary sector.
This is the current policy and it applies to those people with learning
disabilities, mental health problems, and physical disabilities, to older
people who need support, and to young people making their transition to
adulthood
To place the person at the centre certain values must be upheld:
Individuality (everyones differences must be recognised and respected),
Choice (for individuals to be able to make own choices and be in control
of own life), Privacy (information and activities must be kept
confidential), Independence (empowering individuals to do activities for
themselves) and dignity (be treated in a respectful way).
It is vital for the social care worker to work using these precise methods
to establish the needs and wishes of the individual. This will also mean
that individuals will feel empowered and in control of their lives, be
more confident about making decisions, will feel valued and respected.
We could find out such information relating to an individual by working in a way that
puts the individual at the centre of any planning and support, we can do this be
communicating with them to find out about their history, preferences and wishes. It is
important that we appear and work in a non judgemental way in order to eliminate any
prejudices and / or personal feelings as to not discriminate in any way against the
individual. By promoting independence and autonomy, we can also ensure equality and
inclusive practice; we can do this by actively encouraging and thus empowering
individuals to use their strengths and potentials. Effective communication is also vitally
important as this ensures equality.
Working in health and social care means that you are often supporting
individuals to deal with issues and situations wich are distressing,
traumatic or very personal. The key to a helping role is to build a
relationship with individuals whom you support. As you will be
supproting individuals at times in their life that they may find very
difficult to cope with, you need to establish trust and respect. At these
times they will need you to work sensitively with them and to be clear
about your role, responsibilities, professional boundaries and
confidentiality.
Situations that may be considered complex or sensitive could include:
- distressing events such as bereavement, family or
relationship breakup, illness, dying
- traumatic situations such as sudden death, accident or abuse
- threattening or frightening situations, such as abuse, assault,
family dispute or violence
- personal crises, such as ill health or relationship problems
- situations where there are complex communication or
cognitive needs; for example, where the individual has
multiple profound disabilities.
Applying person-centred values to practice
Applying person-centred values to your day-to-day work may require
you to make some changes in your practice. In order to support
individuals in ways that promote their rights, choices, preferencesm
wishes and dignnity you will need always to listen, learn and act upon
what you learn.
You will need to:
- think about your role in the individuals life
- think about and analyse what life is like for the person now,
what is working for them, what is not working for them, what
needs to change so that it does work for them,
When the situation is complex or sensitive this will require you to be
even more alert, not only to verbal but also non-verbal communication.
Our mental capacity that is, the ability to think and reason develops
as we grow, given the right opportunities and conditions. These abilities
enable us to understand complex and abstract ideas or concepts without
requiring direct evidence. They enable us to qeigh up the arguments for
and against a course of action and then reach a decision. For example,
we can think about situations and assess what the risks might be. We can
imagine a situation and use our judgement to consider the potential
benefits and harms of actions wich involve risk. Our ability to think and
reason is a significant factor in being able to consent.
Other factors include:
>understanding the situation and any risk and benefits
>being free to express thoughts and to ask questions
>personal values and beliefs
>being given time to understand any and all implications
>understand nad can clearly explain the different options and any
potential or actual risks
If an individual lacks the capacity to make informed decisions alone then
you will need to establish who else needs to be involved. This
information is usually found in their car plan or a communication chart,
having been previously established to cover a range of circumstances.
To establish consent to an action or activity:
>explain what the action is using language familiar to the individual
>describe what it involves
>explain the benefits to the individual
>explain any potential or actual risks involved in carrying out the action
>explain any potential or acual risks involved in not carrying it out
>listen and observe the individuals response
>encourage them to ask questions
>give them time to process the information
>confirm consent again immediately prior to commencing the action
In day-to-day activities consent is very often verbal and informal e.g
consent to taking part in daily living activities. If the action is more
invasive fro example, a treatment, medical procedure or legal process
consent is genrally formal and therefore recorded in writing a conset
form.
->explain what steps to take if consent cannot readily be established
Steps to take when consent cannot be established: Ceasing/ not starting the action,
remaining calm and empathetic, consulting supervisors/ managers, maintaining a record.
Whilst complying with legal requirements, and abiding by relevant legislation we must
act in the best interests of the individual, work towards solving conflicts, with the use of
extra support, such as an advocate if necessary. And where appropriate to contact the
person whom has legal responsibility. We also must record such information.
Being made to fit into something that isnt shaped for you means you
are unlikely to enjoy it and want to make it work. To show your
unhappiness you are likely to fight against itm object if you are able to,
be unhappy and un-cooperative. The chances of failure are high. You are
likely to feel unimportant or a burden and this will make the situation
worse.
Matching something to create a best fit or tailoring it to fit specifically is
more likely to result in a positive outcome for all involved.
->identify possible barriers to active participation
Active participation in practice
Active participation can be applied in many ways. For some it might
involve managing their own care though self-directed support or an
individual budger. Putting active participation into practive means being
able to recognise and reduce the potential barriers to implementation. It
also means ensuring that everyone involved is committed to working
with the individual to achieve the best possible outcomes.
Implementing active participation
Active participation is more likely to enable individuals to achieve their
potential and improve their life experience. However, it can require a
significant shift in thinking. Encouraging active participation challenges:
>the individual to believe they can be active rather than passive
>family friends to view the individual as an equal
>health and social care workers to work with the individual as equal
partner in care or support
>society to view people with disailities as givers , i.e. able to
contribute, and not takers, i.e. dependent.
->demonstrate ways to reduce the barriers and encourage active
participation
Reducing barriers to active participation: Organising and providing opportunities for
involvement in social activities, offering praise, motivation and constructive comments,
active listening, treating individuals equally while recognising differences, using
communication/ mobility aids etc.
By promoting and encouraging active participation, as well as inclusion, positive
outcomes can be achieved, upon these we can be creative in the sense of promoting
opportunities, enhancing and building confidence amongst individuals. Also by
increasing staff training, and awareness of possible communication barriers, such as the
use of makaton, and sign language would certainly reduce communication barriers
whereby verbal communication is a barrier.
Why risk-taking can be part of an individuals choices: Provides the individual with more
options and empowerment; making sure the individual is aware of the risks before they
commence/ carry on the activity.
It is important that individuals are aware of the risks and / or hazards as well as potential
hazards that maybe involved when making decision and / or choices. We can do this by
discussions, providing information, with use of risk assessments.
To the individuals you work with, and their families or friends as well as
other professionals, your role signifies that you have knowledge,
understanding ans skills as well as experience. Your role therefore brings
with it a certain amount of authority and power to make things happen.
There are, potentially, three types of power that can be excercised within
your role. These are:
- legitimate power-> which results from your role
-expert power-> which results from your knowledge and skills
-referent power->which results from your personality, worthness and
right to respect from others
When used appropriately this authority and mpower will enable you to
influence the reactions of others and compel them to listen to wht you
have to say. As a result you will be able to advocate for individuals you
support and ensure their views and options are heard.
Extract from Written Questioning:
Written Question: Explain why a workers personal views should not influence an
individuals choices:
Response: The care workers personal views may well simply rule things out for the
individual being cared for, because the worker might take a subjective position rather
than looking to find creative solutions for that individual. Such a stance could prevent the
individual from making informed choices about their care. Therefore, personal views
should never influence the choices of any individual as this also goes against their rights
and can make an individual feel pressurised to agree.
encouraged to state whether they agree with them. If not, then that individual should be
enabled to question and challenge them either themselves, through the social care worker
or an advocate.
Our identify is more than our name and our picture in a passport.
Identify is what makes us stand out in a crowd as an individual.
Self-image is how we view ourselves our worth and value is more
often bound up with our attractiveness to others and our inteligence.
Self- esteem is about having confidence in who we are and our worth
and value to others and to society.