Nikka Q.

Cruzada
Topic: Learning Styles
Designing Effective Projects: Thinking Skills Frameworks (Learning Styles. (no date).
http://download.intel.com/education/Common/in/Resources/DEP/skills/Styles.pdf.
Accessed

on July 2, 2013. Here is a reference which discusses four learning

styles, namely; Visual-

Auditory-Kinaesthetic Learning Style, Left-Brain/Right-

Brain Learning Differences, Personality

and Learning Styles and Howard

Gardners Multiple Intelligences. Visual-Auditory-Kinaesthetic

Learning Style

classifies learner into Visual, Auditory, and Kinaesthetic Learner. According to this
framework, a Visual learner is someone who learns best through visual
presentations, an

Auditory learner understands best through audible information

and a Kinaesthetic learner learns

through hands-on experience. Left-

Brain/Right- Brain Learning Differences, on the other hand,

categorized

learning styles based on the dominant brain hemisphere. Left-brain or analytic

learners are those who think logically or rationally, learn best through a stepby-step process,

and perceive things from part to a whole. Right brain or

global learners are holistic,

intuitive, subjective and perceive things as a whole.

Personality and learning Styles is an

inventory that places each learner into four

pairs of characteristic. These characteristics are

extravert and introvert, sensing

and intuitive, thinking and feeling, and judging and perceiving.

Lastly, Howard

Gardners Multiple intelligences suggests that there are eight intelligences,

namely; Logical-mathematical, Linguistic, Spatial, Musical, Body-Kinaesthetic,
Interpersonal,

Intrapersonal and Naturalistic. This is a good reference as

it also differentiates the four learning styles through providing an example using a
table. SCHOLARLY, MASS MEDIA.
Groat, L.N. and S.M. Montgomery. (no date). Student Learning Styles and their
Implications for Teaching.
http://www.crlt.umich.edu/sites/default/files/resource_files/CRLT_no10.pdf.
Accessed on July

2, 2013. The authors emphasized that determining each

individuals learning style would

increase the likelihood of greater learning.

And so, they further discussed and laid out the

different aspects of each

learning style and their implications in the teaching process. The

authors

affirmed that learning styles should be incorporated in teaching because of some

considerations such as making teaching and learning a dialogue, responding
to a more diverse

student body, communicating the message, making teaching

more rewarding, and ensuring the

future of our disciplines. They also

summarized four learning style models, namely; Myers-Briggs

type indicator,

Kolb/McCarthy Learning Cycle, Felder-Silverman Learning Style model, and

Grasha-Riechmann Learning Styles. Myers-Briggs type indicator refers to the
Personality and

Learning Style that was also discussed above. Kolb/McCarthy

Learning Cycle, on the other hand,

suggests that there is a cycle of four learning

modes, namely; abstract, concrete, active, and

reflective. However, each

individual is most likely to be most inclined to a certain mode of learning. Another

learning style model is the Felder-Silverman Learning Style model. This model
incorporates the perception and processing dimension from Myers-Briggs and
Kolbs model and

added three other dimensions, namely; Input, Organization and

understanding. Lastly, Grasha- Reichmann Learning Styles categorized each

individual based on how they respond to actual

classroom observation. This

categories include competitive, collaborative, avoidant, participant,

dependent

and independent learners. This reference is useful as it provides tables and charts
and indicates the teaching implications in each learning model. SCHOLARLY.
How can different learning styles be addressed with consistent expectations. (no
date).
http://www.pbs.org/teacherline/courses/rdla130/pdfs/edth_learning_styles.pdf.
Accessed

on July 2, 2013. This article discusses the researches and best

practices in learning styles as well

as the classroom implications. The author

emphasized that students are not the lone beneficiary

in using learning styles

but the teachers, also are benefitted. He also provided a few

recommendations

and suggestions. This is a not-so good reference as it does not provide an in- depth
analysis of the subject matter. This only provides insights in the use of learning style
inside the classroom premises. MASS MEDIA.