Unit 9

APTITUDE AND APPRAISAL

1a Skim read this form. What do you think it is used for?
Performance Assessment Form
Name:..Rank:.
Certificate:..Vessel:..Period:

SECTION 1:Performance Assessment-circle the most appropriate category

Quality of work poor/frequently generally acceptable

careless
but occasionally
inaccurate
able to proceed
with guidance

good/pays
attention to
details

Initiative

lacks initiative/
needs constant
support

shows initiative/
resourceful

Reliability

irresponsible/
untrustworthy

sometimes
unreliable/fails to
carry out duties on
occasions

reliable and
responsible

Personality

anti-social/
makes no effort
to get on with
people

can be moody/
impatient/
tactless at times

sociable/
good-humoured/
patient

Attitude

reluctant/
unmotivated

needs frequent
motivating

willing/
motivated/
disciplined

consistently
accurate/thorough

highly resourceful

organized and highly

conscientious/ has a
sense of responsibility
beyond own duties
extremely congenial/
diplomatic

highly committed/
motivates others

1b Read the expressions below describing peoples aptitude at work. Match each
underlined word or phrase with a word in the form which has a similar meaning.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

He works very hard: it shows how dedicated he is.

Hes very good at solving problems on his own.
Hes very careful and systematic about all his work.
His training sessions always run smoothly because hes efficient and wellprepared,
Hes always precise when he does the calculations.
Hes a good trainer because hes calm and he gives you time to do the work.
Hes a friendly person and very popular with his colleagues.
Hes trustworthy. If hes in charge, you know you can depend on him.

1c Self-assessment
How would you describe yourself? Assess your own aptitude at work by circling the
sections of the appraisal form in Exercise 1a which apply to you.
1d. Opposites
Look at these adjectives from the form in Exercise 1a. Notice that the adjective with
a positive meaning can be changed into an adjective with a negative meaning by
adding some letters at the beginning of the word. This is called a prefix.
accurate inaccurate

reliable unreliable

Look at the appraisal form again. Find three more examples of adjectives and their
opposite meanings
Prefixes
The most common prefix for making opposites of adjectives negative is un-.Other
prefixes include in-, im-, ir-, il- and dis-.
reliableunreliable

honestdishonest

There are not many rules for prefixes but it helps to remember some general tendencies:
un- can be used with many more adjectives than other prefixes
im- is often used if an adjective begins with m- or ppatient impatient
ir- is often used if an adjective begins with rrelevant irrelevant

moral immoral

Prefixes cannot be used with all adjectives. There are other ways of making opposites of
adjectives. You will need to use your dictionary to check the correct form.
If an adjective with a positive meaning ends in ful, the suffix less can sometimes
replace ful to make an adjective with a negative meaning.
Tactful tactless

careful careless

With some adjectives, it is not possible to use a prefix or a suffix to make an opposite.
unmoody
Instead, use not or a different adjective.
He is not moody, hes cheerful.
He is not reluctant, he is enthusiastic.
Look at the adjectives you wrote in Exercise 1b. What is the opposite form of these
adjectives? Add a prefix or NOT to each adjective, using a dictionary to help you.
2a Listen to the cassette. A crewing office manager is telephoning a Captain to talk
about a seafarer in his crew. Answer these questions.
1. Why is the manager calling the Captain?
2. What recommendation does the Captain make?

2b Listen again and complete the details for the 2nd Officer the form by circling the
appropriate sections.
Performance Assessment Form
Name:..Rank:.
Certificate:..Vessel:..Period:

SECTION 1:Performance Assessment-circle the most appropriate category

Quality of work poor/frequently generally acceptable

careless
but occasionally
inaccurate
able to proceed
with guidance

good/pays
attention to
details

Initiative

lacks initiative/
needs constant
support

shows initiative/
resourceful

Reliability

irresponsible/
untrustworthy

sometimes
unreliable/fails to
carry out duties on
occasions

reliable and
responsible

Personality

anti-social/
makes no effort
to get on with
people

can be moody/
impatient/
tactless at times

sociable/
good-humoured/
patient

Attitude

reluctant/
unmotivated

needs frequent
motivating

willing/
motivated/
disciplined

2c Read the phrases for describing peoples aptitude.

Ive found him to be (+adj)

Hes(not so) good at (+verb+-ing).

consistently
accurate/thorough

highly resourceful

organized and highly

conscientious/ has a
sense of responsibility
beyond own duties
extremely congenial/
diplomatic

highly committed/
motivates others

He lacks (+noun)

He wouldnt(+verb)

Its not that hes(+adj), hes just +adj).

He tends to be (+adj).

He comes across as being (+adj).

When you get to know him, you realize he...

You cant fault his (+noun)

Hes proven himself to be (+adj).

I get on well with him.

Read the sentences below. The underlined part in each sentence has a similar
meaning to one of the phrases above. Decide which phrases can replace the
underlined words.
1.Hes not the type of person to let you down.
2.In my experience, hes reliable.
3.He is often moody.
4.I have a good relationship with him.
5.He gives an impression of being moody at first,
6.You cant criticize his attention to detail.
Listen to the dialogue again and tick the phrases that the Captain used for talking
about the 2nd Officers aptitude.
2d Write brief descriptions of some people you know using adjectives from Exercise
1 and phrases from Exercise 2c. Choose one of these topics.
1. An appraisal for the team you work with on board. Describe the personal qualities
of some individual members and comment on how you work together.
2. A description of a crew you worked with on a previous vessel. Describe how you
all got on together professionally and socially and mention different peoples
qualities.
E.g. On my vessel I worked with a crew of twenty-four people from four countries. We
worked well together as a tem and we also got on quite well together socially. I
worked closely with an engineer from china who was very good at his job. Because
he as patient, I was able to learn a lot from him.
3 Work with a study partner. Imagine that Person A is the Captain of a vessel, and
person B is a crewing office manager. You are discussing a seafarers work aptitude.
Exchange opinions about the seafarer and try to reach an agreement.

Person A: You are the crewing office manager and you have received some
complaints from the Captain of one of your vessels about his 3 rd Engineer. You dont
know why there is a problem as the engineer has always performed well on other
vessels. Before the Captain calls you, read the engineers appraisal form written by
a different Captain.
CURRENT STAFF APPRAISALS-COMMENTS
3 Engineer Laurence has been a very good crew member during the five years that
has worked on this vessel. I can recommend him for the following reasons.
rd

He is good at his job and frequently works extra overtime to supervise the
ratings.
He is always punctual about maintaining the engine room watch.
He is friendly and socializes with all the crew without letting it interfere with
his duties.

Think about what to say when the Captain complains. What action will you suggest? Try
to find out what the real problem is and then suggest a solution that is acceptable to the
Captain.
Person B: You are a Captain and you are going to telephone the crewing office
manager about your 3rd Engineer who is causing a lot of problems on board. Before
you speak to the manager, read this report and decide what action to take. Then
speak to the crewing office manager and discuss the problem with him.

CURRENT STAFF APPRAISALS

3rd Engineer Laurence has worked on this vessel for six weeks now. During this time he
has proven to be a danger to himself, the vessel and the crew for the following reasons.

He has a poor safety record. He has caused several accidents in the engine room
as a result of bad housekeeping practice.
His time-keeping is poor and he regularly sleeps in, meaning that he is often late
for his watch.
He makes no effort to get on well with the other men and has been rude to
superintendents on two occasions.
The 2nd Engineer had reported that he frequently fails to carry out orders.

4a From past to present

Look at these sentences. Which tense is underlined? Why do you think this tense is
used?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

Hes worked on this vessel for six weeks now.

Hes done this job before.
He still hasnt arrived to start his watch.
Have you heard ? Giorgios been promoted.
Its the third time hes fallen asleep.

Read sentences (a)-(f) again and match each sentence with a definition in the
grammar box.
Present Perfect I
The Present Perfect tense connects the past with the present. It shows how the present
situation is influenced by the past. With this tense, the emphasis is on the present
situation, not the details of the past tense. It is used:
1. to talk about experiences ( we dont know when the experience occurred)
2. to talk about present results of past events (we can still see the result)
3. to talk about recent events such as news (we dont know exactly when the event
occurred)
4. to talk about states or ongoing situations (the time when it started is not
important)
5. to talk about things that have not happened yet
6. to comment on the number of times that an event has occurred
Time Expression
Different time expressions are used with the Present Perfect and the Past Simple. In
Unit 5 you practiced using just, still, already, yet and always. Here are some more
phrases that are also used with the Present Perfect.
Ever and never are used to talk about experiences. Ever means at any time in your
life.
Have you ever been to North America? (ever is mainly used in questions. It comes
before the main verb).
No, Ive never been there but I have traveled round Europe a lot.
Before is used to mean at any point in the past with a similar meaning to ever.

Have you worked with an engine like this before?

No, Ive never seen one like this before. ( before comes at the end of the sentence)
For is used to talk about the duration of time.
Weve lived here for four years. (for+ the length of time from past to present)
I havent seen him for a long time, (we can also say for ages and for a while)
Since is used to talk about the time when something started
Ive worked on this vessel since 1992.(since + year/date/time)
How long is it since you last worked on a reefer?
Recently and lately are used to refer to the past few days.
Have you heard from your family recently?
No, not lately. ( lately is used with negatives and questions, not affirmative
statements)
So far is used to mean until now
Its been a good passage so far.
Some other time expressions are used with the Past Simple not the Present Perfect.
Ago is used to talk about a specific time in the past.
He completed the training course three months ago. (period of time+ago)
Once is used to talk about something that happened in the past, a long time ago. This
is a special use that means at some point in the past not on just one occasion.
That building was once a warehouse. It was converted into offices years ago.
4b Complete these sentences with an appropriate time expression
1. Have you been ashore..?
No, I havent been ashore..three months.
2. Did you know that this ship wasowned by a Russian
company?
Yes, apparently it was sold to our company eight years
3. Have youseen the Northern Lights?
Yes, about a year.when we were in Sullem Voe.

4. How long is it.you left marine college?

I cant remember, it was such a long time..!
5

They dont make those radars any more. I havent seen one.1980.

Right, what have you done.you started the watch?

Weve just finished cleaning the holds. Thats all weve had time to do.

7. Have you used the SATCOM..?

No, Ive.used it.
4c Present Perfect II
The Present Perfect is often used to introduce or ask about new information. It is
often followed by the Past Simple in order to supply more details about events in the
past.
Read these questions that a crewing office manager is asking a seafarer during
an interview. Decide which tense is needed. Write the questions in full.
1. (how long/be a seafarer?)
How long have you been a seafarer?
2. (when/finish college?)
3. (work/present job/a long time?)
4. (what type of vessels/work on?)
5 (what training/do so far?)
6 (what/the most recent course/do?)
7 .(what/do before this job?)
8 (why/apply for this position?)
5a.Contractions
In the Present Perfect like other tenses, it is usually the main verb which is stressed in
spoken English. The auxiliary verbs has and have usually sound weak and are often
shorter. These are contractions. Contractions can be difficult to hear in spoken English
because they are short, weak sounds.
He has finished work
We have been around the world.

Hes finished work

Weve been around the world

Work with a study partner. Interview each other, answering the questions from
your own experience.
6a Read the outline of the fax below. Imagine you are the manager of the marine
recruitment agency and you are proposing the seafarer who you interviewed in
Exercise 4c for selection. You are writing a fax to the management office to tell

them about the seafarer you interviewed. Continue the fax with the following
information.

Give details of the training and qualifications that the seafarer has completed.

Mention how much experience he has gained at sea.

Describe his personal qualities, both positive and negative.

Give your opinion of his aptitude and his ability to do the job, based on what
you know about him.

25-AUG-98 16:55
To:
From:
Fax:
Phone:
Re:

0131 550 3761 P.01

Mr Williams, Management Office

Marine Recruitment Services
0131 226 23178
0131 225 59954
Selection of new crew member

Dear Mr Williams
I am now able to pass on details of the person we propose for the rank of.on your
vessel. After interviews this morning, I am pleased to inform you that (name)will
be able to meet you in two days time.
We have recommended Mr.for the job because..
.
I trust you will agree that he is suitable for the position. I will contact you again soon
regarding further interviews at your office.
Best regards
25/08/98

14:56

TX/RX No.1530

P.001

Maritime Focus: team work; occupational welfare; social responsibility

Unit 9 Answer key
Exercise 1a
It is a staff appraisal form, used for assessing peoples aptitude at work.
Exercise 1b
1. committed
2. resourceful
3. thorough

4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

organized
accurate
patient
congenial/social
responsible/reliable

Exercise 1d
responsible/irresponsible
patient/impatient
unmotivated/motivated
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

uncommitted
unresourceful
not thorough
disorganized
inaccurate
impatient
uncongenial/unsociable
irresponsible/unreliable

Exercise 2a
COM: Good morning, Captain. Donald from the crewing office speaking. Im calling
about your Chief Officer.
Captain: Oh, yes. How is he.
COM: Well, he was a bit shaken by the bad news but glad to get home. It looks like
itll be some time before hes back so we need to find a replacement officer quickly.
Captain: Right. So, what about our present 2nd Officer.
COM: Yes, hes obvious candidate. Ive got the appraisal form that you filled in for
him here and Id like to check a few of the details with you.
Captain: OK.
COM: Firstly, you mentioned in your assessment that his work is of a very standard.
How has he proven this exactly?
Captain: Oh, well, hes very systematic about carrying out his duties. Hes precise
with his voyage planning and he always ensures that the 3rd Officer knows exactly
whats happening. Hes taken it upon himself to supervise the 3rd Officer very closely.
COM: Good. So he obviously shows initiative then. But you didnt describe him as
being highly resourceful. Why is that?
Captain: Well, hes fairly good at problem-solving but Ive found him to be quite
cautious at times. He wouldnt just act on something without reporting it first. Thats
Ok as 2nd Officer-it wouldnt do if he was too resourceful.
COM: True. But if hes over-cautious he might not be right for the job. How do you
think hed cope with increased responsibility as Chief Officer?
Captain: Well, I dont really doubt his ability to do the job. As I said, hes proven
himself to be highly conscientious. Its only his personality that might count against
him.
COM: Oh? Why is that?

Captain: Well, its not hes anti-social in any way, hes just pretty quiet. He comes
across as being a bit moody at first but when you get to know him, you realize he just
like to keep himself to himself, thats all.
COM: I see. So how is that reflected in his overall attitude then. Would you say that
he has good leadership skills?
Captain: Oh, you really cant fault his attitude-hes been willing to stand in for
colleagues on several occasions. As for leadership skills, well, I imagine hed rise to
the challenge of the job. Even though hes shy, he motivates men indirectly, just by
setting an example. Yes, I think hed do well as Chief Officer, given the opportunity.
COM: Right, well, it seems that hes made quite an impression on you, Captain.
Thanks for your time. I should think that hell be able to arrange his promotion
immediately.
Captain: Good. Glad to be of some help.
Exercise 2a
(possible answers)
1. Because he wants to check the 2nd Officers aptitude for the position of Chief
Officer.
2. He recommends the officer for the job.

Exercise 2b
Performance Assessment Form
Name:..Rank:.
Certificate:..Vessel:..Period:

SECTION 1:Performance Assessment-circle the most appropriate category

Quality of work poor/frequently generally acceptable

careless
but occasionally
inaccurate
Initiative

lacks initiative/
needs constant
support

Reliability

irresponsible/
untrustworthy

Personality

Attitude

able to proceed
with guidance

good/pays
attention to
details

consistently
accurate/thorough

shows initiative/
resourceful

highly resourceful

sometimes
unreliable/fails to
carry out duties on
occasions

reliable and
responsible

organized and highly

conscientious/ has a
sense of responsibility
beyond own duties

anti-social/
makes no effort
to get on with
people

can be moody/
impatient/
tactless at times

sociable/
good-humoured/
patient

extremely congenial/
diplomatic

reluctant/
unmotivated

needs frequent
motivating

willing/
motivated/
disciplined

Exercise 2c
1. He wouldnt (verb)
2. Ive found him to be (adj)
3. He tends to be (adj)
4. I get on well with him.
5. He comes across as being (adj)
6. You cant fault his (noun)
Hes (fairly) good at (problem solving)
Ive found him to be (quite cautious at times)

highly committed/
motivates others

He wouldnt (just act on something)

Hes proven himself to be (highly conscientious)
Its not that hes (anti-social), hes just pretty quiet)
He comes across as being (a bit moody at first)
When you get to know him, you realize he just likes to keep himself to himself
You (really) cant fault his (attitude)
Exercise 4a
The Present Perfect tense. It is used because all events connect the past to the present.
a) Hes worked on this vessel for six weeks now. Definition 4)
b) Hes done this job before .Definition 1)
c) He still hasnt arrived to start his watch. Definition 5)
d) Have you heard? Giorgios been promoted. Definition 3)
e) Its the third time hes caused an accident. Definition 6)
f) Look! Hes fallen asleep. Definition 2)
Exercise 4b
1) Have you been ashore recently/lately/yet?
No, I havent been ashore for three months.
2) Did you know that this ship was once owned by a Russian company?
Yes, apparently it was sold to our company eight years ago.
3) Have you ever seen the Northern lights?
Yes, about a year ago when we were in Sullom Voe.
4) How long is it since you left marine college?
I cant remember, it was such a long time ago!
5) They dont make those radars any more. I havent seen one since 1980.
6) Right, what have you done since you started the watch?
Weve just finished cleaning the holds. Thats all weve had time to do so far.
7) Have you used the SATCOM before/recently/lately/yet?
No, Ive never used it.
Exercise 4c
(possible answers)
2) When did you finish college?
3) Have you worked in your present job for a long time?
4) What type of vessels have you worked on?
5) What training have you done so far?
6) What was the most recent course that you did?
7) What did you do before this job?
8) Why have you applied for this position/Why did you apply for this position?