Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
Contents
1 Introduction .........................................................................................................2
2 Components .........................................................................................................3
3 Process Description..............................................................................................4
4 Physical Properties...............................................................................................5
5 Chemical Reactions ..............................................................................................6
6 Simulation Approach ............................................................................................7
7 Simulation Results ...............................................................................................9
8 Conclusions ........................................................................................................11
Contents
1 Introduction
Usability features such as an Excel SCALE calculator which allows the user
to scale plant production rate and apply corns of varying starch content.
1 Introduction
2 Components
Type
Formula
Name
WATER
CONV
H2O
WATER
ETOH
CONV
C2H6O-2
ETHANOL
CO2
CONV
CO2
CARBON-DIOXIDE
GLUCOSE
CONV
C6H12O6
DEXTROSE
STARCH
SOLID
C5POLY
SOLID
C6POLY
SOLID
PROTINS
SOLID
OIL
SOLID
NFDS
CONV
C6H12O6
Non-fermentable
Dissolved Solids
XYLOSE
CONV
C6H12O6
C5 Sugars
PROTSOL
CONV
C6H12O6
Soluble Protein
2 Components
3 Process Description
System
Purpose
Milling
Liquification
Saccharification
Fermentation
Distillation
Dehydration
Centrifugation
Evaporation
Drying
3 Process Description
4 Physical Properties
This category includes the models and methods used to calculate the chemical
and thermodynamic equilibrium, and the physical properties of all streams.
The models used to calculate physical properties in Aspen Plus are grouped
into property methods named after the central model, for example, Ideal,
Redlich-Kwong-Soave, and NRTL (Non-Random Two Liquid). The property
method used in this model is NRTL.
Physical Properties are usually the most important and often the most difficult
part of a simulation. The accuracy of physical property calculations strongly
influences the reliability of the results and ultimately affects the estimated
cost of process equipment.
4 Physical Properties
5 Chemical Reactions
Saccharification
STARCH + WATER
Fermentation
GLUCOSE
NFDS
PROTSOL
5 Chemical Reactions
6 Simulation Approach
Comments / Specifications
Saccharification and
Fermentation
RStoic
Distillation / Scrubber
RadFrac
Dehydration
Sep
Dewatering
SSplit
Heaters/Coolers
Heater
DDGS Drying
Flash2
Evaporation
Flash2
Streams - Streams represent the material and energy flows in, out and
around the process. Streams can be of three types: Material, Heat, and
Work. Feeds to the process are corn, energy, water, acid, enzyme and yeast;
the later three are represented by NFDS, WATER and WATER components
respectively for simplicity. There are several internal streams that represent
the crossover of material and heat between blocks. A key internal stream is
59BS representing backset.
Design-Specs, Calculator Blocks and Convergence - The simulation is
augmented with a combination of flowsheeting capabilities such as
Convergence, Design Specs and Calculator Blocks.
Sequencing and Convergence paragraphs are included that produce a
relatively stable model at varied rates. The model has been tested at
production capacities as low as 15 mmgal/yr and as high as 180 mmgal/yr
and has run successfully aided by these convergence elements.
The following tables outline key flowsheeting capabilities of this model:
6 Simulation Approach
Spec (Target)
Manipulated Variable
DDGS
DRYDDGS pressure to
calculate-heat duty
FERM
PREVAP
SYRUP
WG
WWTR
Purpose
BACKSET
DISSOLVE
EVALUATE
SCALE
YEAST
Calculator blocks SCALE and EVALUATE are Spreadsheets in Excel, and are
both embedded in the file with extension .apmbd. Use SCALE to change the
characteristics of the corn feed as follows:
150
0.15
Moisture in Corn
0.7
Starch in Corn
6 Simulation Approach
7 Simulation Results
The Aspen Plus simulation flowsheet and key results are shown below:
Units
100
MM
gal/yr
249278
lb/hr
15%
Corn starch
70%
Enzyme flow
63
Yeast flow
5.2
lb/hr
Acid flow
124
lb/hr
18019
lb/hr
100
lb/hr
120
gm/ltr
Backset
15.0%
2845
$/hr
2.25E+07
$/yr
7 Simulation Results
lb/hr
Result
10
Units
14.1
ft
13.4
ft
100.0%
Starch Efficiency
99.0%
7 Simulation Results
8 Conclusions
The bioethanol from corn model provides a useful description of the process.
The simulation has been developed using many of the capabilities of Aspen
Plus including unit operation models, physical property methods, models and
data, and flowsheeting capabilities like convergence design specs.
The model may be used as a guide for understanding the process and the
economics, and also as a starting point for more sophisticated models for
plant design and specifying process equipment.
8 Conclusions
11